关键词: 矿井建设, 竖井, 钻爆法, 机械破岩, 智能钻井

Abstract: Mine shaft construction projects play an essential role in mine construction. They are regarded as prioritizing key projects that ensures the safe and efficient development of resources at mines in the whole industry chain.At present， shaft sinking technology in China has overcome key technological issues including deep alluvium in Eastern China，water-rich and weakly cemented strata in Western China， and hard rock strata more than one thousand meters deep in metal deposits. The modification and stable control of surrounding rocks in wells that are more than one kilometer deep encountering in the shaft sinking process have been realized. In addition， key techniques of rapid excavation and lining in wells more than one thousand meters deep and a series of large-scale auxiliary equipment are developed. These technique and auxiliary equipment haven proven to be advanced， able to meet the demands of underground mineral resource development and large-scale mine construction in East， Central， West China.With increasing depth of China's underground mineral source excavation， the overall status of mine shaft sinking projects in China was reviewed and the key techniques， development process and recent progress of mine shaft sinking techniques and equipment involving explosive rockburst，deslagging， shaft sinking headframe，lift， shaft wall casting and modification of surrounding rocks were summarized. Additionally，the characteristics of mechanized rock breaking apparatuses including shaft drillers， anti-well drillers， the shaft boring machines，and relevant well drilling technologies and technological processes were investigated. Furthermore， it is pointed out that the challenges and developing trends from five aspects including precise geological exploration， rockburst prevention and control， high-temperature prevention and harnessing， deep well hoisting and intelligent drilling. China has achieved significant progress on the basic theories， key technologies， relevant apparatuses， and developed technological processes in mine shaft construction. In future， these are expected to provide important technological supports for deep underground resource exploration， shaft construction under complex geological conditions and non-coal mines， as well as construction and development of underground projects regarding water conservancy， transportation， railways， municipalities and electricity. As the development of these technologies will allow them to be unmanned， and have mechanization， informatization and intelligence， which will make significant contributions to development， utilization and progress in science and technology in underground space in China.

Key words: mine construction, shaft, drill-blasting method, mechanical rock breaking, intelligent drilling