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金属矿山 ›› 2022, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (01): 142-147.

• 采矿工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于增稠微囊的地下矿用乳化炸药配方设计及性能表征

程扬帆1,2陶臣1夏煜1胡芳芳1张启威1姚雨乐1汪泉1,2   

  1. 1.安徽理工大学化学工程学院,安徽 淮南 232001;2.安徽省爆破器材与技术工程实验室,安徽 淮南 232001
  • 出版日期:2022-01-15 发布日期:2022-02-14
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(编号:11972046);安徽高校自然科学基金重大项目(编号:KJ2020ZD30);安徽理工大学研究生创新基金项目(编号:2020CX2066)

Fabrication and Characterization of Underground Mining Emulsion Explosive Containing Thickening Microcapsules

CHENG Yangfan1,2TAO Chen1XIA Yu1HU Fangfang1ZHANG Qiwei1YAO Yule1WANG Quan1,2   

  1. 1.School of Chemical Engineering,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232001,China;2.Anhui Laboratory of Explosive Materials and Technology Engineering,Huainan 232001,China
  • Online:2022-01-15 Published:2022-02-14

摘要: 针对地下金属矿上向孔装填的乳化炸药返药和耐低温性能差等问题,研制出一种利用微囊技术实现孔内增稠的地下矿用乳化炸药。微囊的加入不影响乳化炸药的黏度及其泵送,在乳化炸药进入炮孔前的瞬间,其内部的微囊受到高速剪切破坏并释放出增稠剂,从而迅速增加乳化炸药黏度。增稠微囊呈球形,粒径约为2 mm,可对增稠剂进行有效封装。微囊高速剪切破坏后会释放出增稠剂,并以线性网状结构均匀分布在乳胶基质中,从而实现孔内增稠。添加2%增稠微囊的乳胶基质剪切后的黏度维持在127.9 Pa·s左右,满足乳化炸药在炮孔内稳定附着要求。爆轰性能试验结果表明,添加2%增稠微囊的地下矿用乳化炸药剪切后的爆速为5 030 m/s,-20 ℃冷冻12 h后其爆速仍然高达4 618 m/s,具有较高的爆炸威力和抗低温性能。添加增稠微囊的地下矿用乳化炸药可满足地下金属矿开采对炸药性能的要求。

关键词: 地下开采, 乳化炸药, 微囊, 上向孔, 爆轰性能

Abstract: In order to solve the sloughing problem and weak low temperature resistant performance of emulsion explosives during pumping into the upward blast holes of underground metal mine,a novel underground mining emulsion explosive with thickening microcapsules was developed to realized thickening in the hole.The viscosity and pumping process of emulsion explosive were not affected by the addition of thickening microcapsules,when reaching the point of the pipe nozzle,the thickening microcapsules would be damaged by the highspeed shearing action and then released the thickening agent to the emulsion explosive,increasing the viscosity of the emulsion explosive promptly.The thickening microcapsules were spherical and particle size about 2 mm,which could effectively encapsulate the thickening liquid.After the highspeed shearing,the thickening microcapsules released the thickening agent which would distribute in the emulsion matrix with a linear network structure,achieving the thickening effect of emulsion explosive in the borehole.The viscosity of underground mining emulsion explosive with 2% of thickening microcapsules after shearing was 127.9 Pa·s,which met the requirement of stable adhesion of emulsion explosive in the borehole.The experimental results showed that the detonation velocity of the emulsion explosive with 2% of thickening microcapsules after shearing was 5 030 m/s,and was still 4 618 m/s after storing at the temperature of -20 ℃ for 12 h,which indicated that the underground mining emulsion explosive had an excellent detonation performance and lowtemperature resistance performance.The underground mine emulsion explosive with thickened microcapsule can meet the requirement of explosive performance in underground metal mining.