关键词: 硬岩　非爆机械化　岩石可切割性　机械刀具　采掘设备

Abstract: In recent years,with the continuous expansion of underground engineering construction and resource extraction, hard rock mining and heading technology and equipment have been constantly innovated and developed. Due to the high risk and large induced-damage,the development needs of modern rock engineering are difficult to be met by the traditional drilling and blasting method. With the advantages of safety, efficiency,economy,and rapid intelligent upgrading,the non-blasting mechanized mining and heading technology in hard rock has become the leading development direction in modern rock breaking engineering. In this paper,the status of the development of non-explosive mechanized mining technology in hard rock has been reviewed from three perspectives:rock cuttability,mechanical cutters (rock breaking tools) and mechanical equipment. The development of rock cutability has shifted from single-indicator evaluation to multi-indicator integrated evaluation. The types of mechanical cutters have become more diverse,and their performance has improved with advancements in alloying and coating technologies. The design and manufacturing of these cutters now focus on finding the optimal balance between tool hardness,wear resistance,corrosion resistance,and impact toughness,so as to enhance their lifespan. In addition,rock-breaking machinery and equipment are gradually undergoing a transformation towards larger-scale,heavier-duty,smarter,diversified,and more refined systems. This development aims to achieve efficient,safe,economical,and precise excavation of hard rock. Based on the aforementioned analysis,the future development direction of hard rock non-blasting mechanized mining technology was summarized. However,it is important to consider the challenges that need to be overcome. These challenges include:① Establishing deep rock fragmentation mechanics and energy models to explore methods for utilizing high-stress-induced breakage and controlling high-energy storage in deep hard rock,and developing synergistic rock-breaking methods and technologies through induced-modifications for risk reduction and cuttability improvement;② By elucidating the multi-field and multi-phase coupling of the hard rock breaking process,along with the multi-scale fracture,failure,and fragmentation processes,the multisource combined rock-breaking technologies and equipment,including mechanical,hydraulic,thermal approaches,should be developed;③ By investigating and revealing the mechanical and energetic mechanisms of dynamic disaster of rock with highenergy storage induced by rock-breaking disturbances, the specific prevention and control methods should be proposed; ④ Developing refine and intelligent rock-breaking technology and equipment that are precisely tailored to the rock characteristics, stress conditions,and rock-breaking requirements to establish the systems of non-blasting mechanized intelligent mining and heading methods and technologies;⑤ Constructing a comprehensive process management model for non-blasting mechanized mining,and enhancing the operational workflow of non-explosive mechanized mining in hard rock. Through the aforementioned study efforts,it is anticipated that the widespread implementation of non-blasting mechanized mining will be facilitated, thereby enabling safe,efficient,green,and intelligent excavation in hard rock.

Key words: hard rock,non-blasting mechanized,rock cutability,mechanical cutters,mining and heading equipment