铝土矿中伴生锂资源现状及选冶加工前景

金属矿山 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (9): 88-97.

铝土矿中伴生锂资源现状及选冶加工前景

王晓慧^1,2 　吴威龙^1,2 　赵开乐^1,2 　梁友伟^1,2 　张文谱^1,2 　万大学³

1. 中国地质科学院矿产综合利用研究所,四川成都 610041;2. 自然资源部战略性矿产综合利用工程技术创新中心, 四川成都 610041;3. 贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局一〇五地质大队,贵州贵阳 550018

出版日期:2025-09-15 发布日期:2025-10-09
通讯作者: 吴威龙(1997—),男,助理工程师。
作者简介:王晓慧(1985—),女,高级工程师,硕士。
基金资助:
贵州省科技厅项目(编号:黔科合支撑[2023]一般 174,黔科合支撑[2023]一般 171);“十四五”国家重点研发计划国际合作项目(编号:2023YFE0104100);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(编号:DD20230204102)。

The Status of Lithium Resources Associated with Bauxite and the Prospects for Beneficiation and Metallurgy Processing

WANG Xiaohui ^1,2 　 WU Weilong ^1,2 　 ZHAO Kaile ^1,2 　 LIANG Youwei ^1,2 　 ZHANG Wenpu ^1,2 　 WANG Daxue ³

1. Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources,CAGS,Chengdu 610041,China; 2. Research Center of Multipurpose Utilization of Metal Mineral Resources of China Geological Survey,Chengdu 610041,China; 3. Guizhou Province Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development 105 Geological Brigade,Guizhou 550018,China

Online:2025-09-15 Published:2025-10-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 探讨铝土矿中伴生沉积型锂资源的特征与开发价值,分析现有提取技术的原理、优劣及经济性,评估其开发利用前景,为铝锂资源的高效综合利用提供理论依据。通过梳理铝土矿中锂资源的赋存状态、分布规律及成矿影响因素,对比分析碱法浸出、酸法浸出、焙烧—酸浸等单一提锂技术的工艺原理与应用局限,结合选冶联合技术的工艺逻辑,从资源利用效率、成本效益及环境影响等维度进行系统评价。结果表明,锂主要富集于铝土矿矿体顶、底板的低品位铝质岩和黏土岩中,赋存状态与分布规律受成岩成矿作用及次生改造作用调控;单一提锂技术(如碱法、酸法、焙烧—酸浸法)存在铝精矿品质不达标、综合利用率低、伴生元素(镓、钪等)未回收等问题,经济效益与环境效益欠佳;通过选矿与冶炼工艺协同,可同步实现铝精矿提取与锂富集,减少废渣产生,降低能耗与成本。铝土矿伴生锂资源构成潜在的巨大沉积型锂资源库,具备重要开发价值。未来需通过深化锂赋存机制研究、优化选冶联合工艺、开展经济与环境影响评价,推动铝锂资源的协同开发,以拓宽我国锂矿资源供给渠道,实现资源效益与生态效益的统一。

关键词: 铝土矿　沉积型锂资源　选冶联合　综合利用

Abstract: This study explores the characteristics and development value of associated sedimentary lithium resources in bauxite,analyzes the principles,advantages,disadvantages and economic efficiency of existing extraction technologies,evaluates their development and utilization prospects,and provides a theoretical basis for the efficient and comprehensive utilization of aluminum-lithium resources. By sorting out the occurrence state,distribution law and ore-forming influencing factors of lithium resources in bauxite,the study conducts a comparative analysis of the process principles and application limitations of single lithium extraction technologies such as alkaline leaching,acid leaching,and roasting-acid leaching. Combined with the process logic of mineral processing-metallurgy integrated technology,a systematic evaluation is carried out from the dimensions of resource utilization efficiency,cost-effectiveness and environmental impact. The results showed that lithium is mainly enriched in the low-grade bauxitic rocks and clay rocks at the top and bottom of the bauxite orebody,and its occurrence state and distribution law are regulated by diagenetic-mineralization processes and secondary transformation processes. Single lithium extraction technologies (including alkaline leaching,acid leaching,and roasting-acid leaching) have problems such as substandard quality of aluminum concentrate,low comprehensive utilization rate,and unrecovered associated elements (gallium,scandium and so on),leading to poor economic and environmental benefits. In contrast,the coordination of mineral processing and metallurgy processes enables the simultaneous extraction of aluminum concentrate and enrichment of lithium,reducing the generation of waste residues as well as lowering energy consumption and costs. The associated lithium resources in bauxite constitute a potential large-scale sedimentary lithium resource pool and hold significant development value. In the future,it is necessary to promote the coordinated development of aluminum-lithium resources by deepening research on the lithium occurrence mechanism, optimizing the mineral processing-metallurgy integrated process,and conducting economic and environmental impact assessments. This will help broaden the supply channels of lithium ore resources in China and realize the integration of resource benefits and ecological benefits.

Key words: bauxite,deposited lithium resources,beneficiation-metallurgy combination,comprehensive utilization

中图分类号:

王晓慧, 　吴威龙, 　赵开乐, 　梁友伟, 　张文谱, 　万大学. 铝土矿中伴生锂资源现状及选冶加工前景 [J]. 金属矿山, 2025, 54(9): 88-97.

WANG Xiaohui , 　 WU Weilong , 　 ZHAO Kaile , 　 LIANG Youwei , 　 ZHANG Wenpu , 　 WANG Daxue . The Status of Lithium Resources Associated with Bauxite and the Prospects for Beneficiation and Metallurgy Processing [J]. Metal Mine, 2025, 54(9): 88-97.

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