离子型稀土提取过程无氨沉淀剂的选择及机理

金属矿山 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (10): 117-122.

离子型稀土提取过程无氨沉淀剂的选择及机理

郭江凤^1,2　谢帆欣²　龚　磊²　周贺鹏^1,2　张永兵^1,2　雷梅芬²

1. 江西理工大学宜春锂电新能源产业研究院,江西宜春 336000;2. 江西理工大学资源与环境工程学院,江西赣州 341000

出版日期:2025-10-15 发布日期:2025-11-06
通讯作者: 周贺鹏(1985—),男,教授,博士,博士研究生导师。
作者简介:郭江凤(2000—),女,硕士研究生。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(编号:52174250,U24A2096);江西省青年井冈学者奖励计划项目(编号:QNJG2020048);江西理工大学清江青
年英才支持计划项目(编号:JXUSTQJBJ2020002)。

Selection and Mechanism of Ammonia-free Precipitants in the Extraction Process of Ionic Rare Earths

GUO Jiangfeng1,2　XIE Fanxin2　GONG Lei2　ZHOU Hepeng1,2　ZHANG Yongbing1,2　LEI Meifen2

1. Yichun Lithium New Energy Industry Research Institute,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Yichun 336000,China;
2. Faculty of Resource and Environmental Engineering,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,China

Online:2025-10-15 Published:2025-11-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对现行碳酸氢铵沉淀稀土离子工艺存在氨氮污染问题,以氯化钇溶液为研究对象,系统比较了碳酸
氢铵、碳酸铵、碳酸氢钠及碳酸钠等4 种沉淀剂的沉淀效果,通过沉淀率、沉淀物体积等指标筛选最佳沉淀剂,并综合
运用pH 原位监测与傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析其沉淀机理。结果表明,碳酸钠为最优无氨沉淀剂,在碳酸钠与
钇离子摩尔比1. 6 时,钇沉淀率可达99. 17%,且无刺激性气体或氨氮废水产生。机理研究表明,该条件下产物为结晶
良好的水合碳酸钇(Y2(CO3)3·xH2O);摩尔比过低易生成含氯复盐,过高则易形成胶体杂质。本研究证实碳酸钠可
作为一种高效、环保的沉淀剂替代传统铵盐,为离子型稀土的绿色提取提供了理论依据与技术方案。

关键词: 离子型稀土　碳酸稀土　无氨沉淀剂　沉淀富集　碳酸钠

Abstract: Aiming at the ammonia-nitrogen pollution problem existing in the current ammonium bicarbonate precipitation
process for rare earth ions,this study took yttrium chloride solution as the research object and systematically compared the precipitation
effects of four precipitants,namely ammonium bicarbonate,ammonium carbonate,sodium bicarbonate,and sodium
carbonate. The optimal precipitant was screened through indicators such as precipitation rate and precipitate volume,and in-situ
pH monitoring and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were comprehensively used to analyze its precipitation
mechanism. The results showed that sodium carbonate was the optimal ammonia-free precipitant. When the molar ratio of sodium
carbonate to yttrium ions was 1. 6,the yttrium precipitation rate could reach 99. 17%,and no irritating gas or ammonia-nitrogen
wastewater was generated. Mechanism studies indicated that under this condition,the product was well-crystallized hydrated
yttrium carbonate (Y2(CO3)3·xH2O). An excessively low molar ratio tended to form chlorine-containing double salts,
while an excessively high molar ratio easily led to the formation of colloidal impurities. This study demonstrates that sodium carbonate
can be used as an efficient and environmentally friendly precipitant to replace traditional ammonium salts,providing a
theoretical basis and technical scheme for the green extraction of ionic rare earths.

Key words: ion-adsorption rare earth,rare earth carbonate,ammonia-free precipitant,precipitation enrichment,sodium
carbonate

中图分类号:

TF804. 3

郭江凤, 　谢帆欣　龚　磊　周贺鹏, 　张永兵, 　雷梅芬. 离子型稀土提取过程无氨沉淀剂的选择及机理[J]. 金属矿山, 2025, 54(10): 117-122.

GUO Jiangfeng, 　XIE Fanxin　GONG Lei　ZHOU Hepeng, 　ZHANG Yongbing, 　LEI Meifen. Selection and Mechanism of Ammonia-free Precipitants in the Extraction Process of Ionic Rare Earths[J]. Metal Mine, 2025, 54(10): 117-122.

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