木质素磺酸钠对磷灰石与方解石的选择性抑制及其粒级效应

金属矿山 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (12): 131-138.

木质素磺酸钠对磷灰石与方解石的选择性抑制及其粒级效应

栗明媚¹　赵礼兵¹　刘三阳¹　杨紫煊¹　易祖嵘¹　田　欣²　韩　明²　李万涛² 来有邦²　武春涛²　郭小飞³

1.华北理工大学矿业工程学院,河北唐山 063210;2.河北钢铁集团矿业有限公司,河北唐山 063000; 3.辽宁科技大学矿业工程学院,辽宁鞍山 114051

出版日期:2025-12-15 发布日期:2025-12-31
通讯作者: 赵礼兵(1978—),男,教授,硕士,硕士研究生导师。
作者简介:栗明媚(1999—),女,硕士研究生。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(编号:51804123)。

Selective Depression of Apatite from Calcite by Sodium Lignosulfonate and Its Particle Size Dependence

LI Mingmei¹　ZHAO Libing¹　LIU Sanyang¹　YANG Zixuan¹　YI Zurong¹　TIAN Xin²　HAN Ming² LI Wantao²　LAI Youbang²　WU Chuntao²　GUO Xiaofei³

1.School of Mining Engineering,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063210,China; 2.Hebei Iron & Steel Group Mining Co.,Ltd.,Tangshan 063000,China; 3.School of Mining Engineering,Liaoning University of Science and Technology,Anshan 114051,China

Online:2025-12-15 Published:2025-12-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 磷灰石是提取磷的重要矿产资源,在其浮选分离过程中,不同粒级矿物行为的显著差异严重制约了分选效率。为解决此问题,本研究以木质素磺酸钠(LS-Na)为抑制剂,系统开展了磷灰石与方解石(其主要伴生脉石) 的纯矿物及人工混合矿分级浮选试验,旨在探明其选择性抑制行为与机理。在自然pH及捕收剂BO(用量2 kg/t)条件下,研究发现LS-Na能有效实现磷灰石与方解石的浮选分离,且其抑制效果存在显著的粒级效应:对粗粒级(0.3~ 0.074 mm)抑制效果最强,仅需20 mg/L即可使两者回收率差值超过70%;随着粒度减小至中粒级(0.074~0.023 mm)和细粒级(-0.023 mm),实现有效分离所需的LS-Na用量增加,回收率差值分别约为60%和20%。机理研究表明,LS-Na在方解石表面的吸附强度远大于在磷灰石表面,这显著降低了方解石的疏水性(接触角由112.1°降至 17.5°),而对磷灰石影响较小(由110.3°降至84.9°)。傅里叶变换红外光谱与X射线光电子能谱分析证实,LS-Na主要通过其—SO 3 官能团在2种矿物表面发生化学吸附,但由于方解石表面的Ca2+活性位点更易与—SO 3 形成稳定的化学键合,导致LS-Na优先并牢固地吸附于方解石表面,从而实现对方解石的选择性抑制。本研究为木质素磺酸钠在矿物浮选,特别是含钙矿物分离中的应用提供了理论依据。

关键词: 木质素磺酸钠　浮选　抑制剂　磷灰石　方解石　分级

Abstract: Apatite is a crucial mineral resource for phosphorus extraction.The significant differences in the flotation be havior of different particle sizes seriously constrain the separation efficiency in flotation separation process.To address this is sue,this study systematically investigated the selective inhibition behavior and mechanism of sodium lignosulfonate (LS-Na) through pure and artificial mixed mineral flotation tests conducted on sized fractions of apatite and calcite (its primary associat ed gangue mineral).Under natural pH conditions using a BO collector (dosage of 2 kg/t),LS-Na effectively separated apatite from calcite,with its inhibition efficacy showing a significant particle size dependence.The strongest inhibition was observed for the coarse fraction (0.3~0.074 mm),where merely 20 mg/L of LS-Na resulted in a recovery difference exceeding 70%.As the particle size decreased to medium (0.074~0.023 mm) and fine (-0.023 mm) fractions,the required LS-Na dosage for effective separation increased,yielding recovery differences of approximately 60% and 20%,respectively.Mechanism studies revealed that the adsorption of LS-Na was much stronger on the calcite surface than on the apatite surface,which significantly reduced the hydrophobicity of calcite (contact angle decreased from 112.1° to 17.5°) while having a lesser effect on apatite (decreased from 110.3° to 84.9°).Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that chemisorption,primarily through the —SO 3 functional groups of LS-Na,occurred on both mineral surfaces.However,the Ca2+ sites on the calcite surface facilitated more stable chemical bonding with —SO 3 ,leading to the preferential and stronger adsorption of LS-Na onto calcite and thereby achieving selective inhibition.This research provides a theoretical basis for the ap plication of sodium lignosulfonate in mineral flotation,particularly in the separation of calcium-containing minerals.

Key words: sodium lignosulfonate,flotation,depressant,apatite,calcite,classification

中图分类号:

TD923+.1

栗明媚　赵礼兵　刘三阳　杨紫煊　易祖嵘　田　欣　韩　明　李万涛来有邦　武春涛　郭小飞. 木质素磺酸钠对磷灰石与方解石的选择性抑制及其粒级效应[J]. 金属矿山, 2025, 54(12): 131-138.

LI Mingmei　ZHAO Libing　LIU Sanyang　YANG Zixuan　YI Zurong　TIAN Xin　HAN Ming LI Wantao　LAI Youbang　WU Chuntao　GUO Xiaofei. Selective Depression of Apatite from Calcite by Sodium Lignosulfonate and Its Particle Size Dependence[J]. Metal Mine, 2025, 54(12): 131-138.

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