甘肃某铅锌冶炼厂区土壤重金属污染特征、来源解析及健康风险评价

金属矿山 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (12): 236-244.

甘肃某铅锌冶炼厂区土壤重金属污染特征、来源解析及健康风险评价

王　潇^1,2　汤　超^1,2　马宝强^1,2　吴明艳^1,2　宿　虎³

1.甘肃省生态环境科学设计研究院,甘肃兰州 730020;2.甘肃省土壤环境保护与污染防治工程研究中心,甘肃兰州 730020; 3.甘肃省地质调查院,甘肃兰州 730099

出版日期:2025-12-15 发布日期:2025-12-31
作者简介:王　潇(1981—),女,正高级工程师,硕士。
基金资助:
甘肃省自然科学基金项目(编号:23JRRA1277)。

Pollution Characteristics,Source Apportionment,and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soils from a Lead-Zinc Smelter in Gansu Province

WANG Xiao^1,2　TANG Chao^1,2　MA Baoqiang^1,2　WU Mingyan^1,2　SU Hu³

1.Gansu Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences,Lanzhou 730020,China; 2.Gansu Soil Environment Protection and Pollution Prevention Engineering Research Center,Lanzhou 730020,China; 3.Gansu Provincial Geological Survey Institute,Lanzhou 730099,China

Online:2025-12-15 Published:2025-12-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究典型铅锌冶炼厂区土壤重金属污染特征、来源及其人体健康风险,本研究以甘肃省某废弃铅锌冶炼厂为对象,系统采集了39个表层土壤样品,测定了砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)、汞(Hg)、镍(Ni)、锌(Zn) 等7种重金属含量。综合运用地统计学、单因子指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法、潜在生态风险指数法、正定矩阵因子分解(PMF)模型及人体健康风险评价模型,对土壤重金属的空间分布、污染程度、生态风险、来源解析及健康风险进行了全面评估。结果表明:研究区土壤呈碱性,除Ni外,其余重金属平均含量均显著超出甘肃省土壤背景值,其中 As、Cd、Hg和Zn的富集倍数最高,分别达背景值的13.15、25.28、71.52和11.03倍。空间上,As、Cd、Pb和Zn的高值区集中分布于废水处理区和生产车间。污染评价显示,As处于轻度单因子污染状态,内梅罗指数指示研究区整体处于轻度污染水平,但潜在生态风险指数表明其生态风险极强,主要贡献因子为Hg、Cd和As。PMF源解析识别出三个主要来源:冶炼污染源(贡献率52.19%)、粉尘沉降源(贡献率22.78%)和自然源(贡献率21.99%)。健康风险评价表明,土壤重金属对成人的非致癌风险指数接近阈值,而总致癌风险指数超出可接受水平,存在不可接受的致癌风险,其中As是首要致癌因子,且经口摄入为主要暴露途径。本研究为该厂区土壤污染风险管控与修复提供了关键科学依据。

关键词: 铅锌冶炼厂　土壤重金属　空间分布　源解析　健康风险评价

Abstract: To investigate the pollution characteristics,sources,and human health risks of heavy metals in a typical lead zinc smelter,this study targeted an abandoned lead-zinc smelter in Gansu Province.A total of 39 topsoil samples were systemat ically collected,and the concentrations of seven heavy metals—arsenic (As),cadmium (Cd),copper (Cu),lead (Pb),mer cury (Hg),nickel (Ni),and zinc (Zn)—were determined.Comprehensive assessments,including geostatistics,the single fac tor index method,the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method,the potential ecological risk index (PERI) method,the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model,and the human health risk assessment model,were employed to evaluate the spa tial distribution,pollution level,ecological risk,source apportionment,and health risks of soil heavy metals.The results indica ted that the soil in the study area was alkaline.With the exception of Ni,the average concentrations of all other heavy metals significantly exceeded the background values for Gansu soils,with As,Cd,Hg,and Zn showing the highest enrichment factors at 13.15,25.28,71.52,and 11.03 times the background values,respectively.Spatially,the high-value areas for As,Cd,Pb,and Zn were concentrated in the wastewater treatment area and the production workshop.Pollution evaluation revealed that As was at a slight pollution level based on the single factor index,and the Nemerow index indicated that the overall study area was at a slight pollution level.However,the potential ecological risk index suggested a very high ecological risk,primarily contributed by Hg,Cd,and As.The PMF model identified three main sources:smelting pollution source (contributing 52.19%),dust fall source (contributing 22.78%),and natural source (contributing 21.99%).Health risk assessment showed that the non-carci nogenic risk for adults was close to the threshold,while the total carcinogenic risk exceeded the acceptable level,indicating an unacceptable carcinogenic risk.Arsenic (As) was the primary carcinogenic factor,and oral ingestion was the main exposure pathway.This study provides a critical scientific basis for soil pollution risk control and remediation at the smelter site.

Key words: lead-zinc smelter,soil heavy metals,spatial distribution,source apportionment,health risk assessment

中图分类号:

王　潇, 　汤　超, 　马宝强, 　吴明艳, 　宿　虎. 甘肃某铅锌冶炼厂区土壤重金属污染特征、来源解析及健康风险评价[J]. 金属矿山, 2025, 54(12): 236-244.

WANG Xiao, 　TANG Chao, 　MA Baoqiang, 　WU Mingyan, 　SU Hu. Pollution Characteristics,Source Apportionment,and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soils from a Lead-Zinc Smelter in Gansu Province[J]. Metal Mine, 2025, 54(12): 236-244.

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