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Table of Content

    16 June 2014, Volume 43 Issue 06
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    AE Properties of Moisture-containing Coal and Rock During the Failure Progress
    XIA Dong, YANG Tian-Hong, CHANG Hong
    2014, 43(06):  1-9. 
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    During the period of construction and operation，the geotechnical engineering often undergoes the effect of the under-ground water and compression of the construction and operation.And the mechanical property under such condition is one of the major factors affecting the long term stability.The summary was conducted based on both national and international researches，including the mechanical properties of moisture-containing coal and rock under uniaxial compression，cyclic loading，triaxial loading，shearing test and tension test，and its AE properties.The current researches at home and abroad were reviewed and analyzed，and then the laws of mechanical properties and AE characteristics of moisture-containing coal and rock were summarized.It is found that with the wide use of the AE technology in the monitoring of geotechnical engineering stability and the development of various test methods，the AE of containing moisture coal and rock trends to the true triaxial and multi-field coupling.Also，with the fast development of the numerical analysis software and parallel technology， the numerical simulation can be a new way to study the AE properties of containing moisture coal and rock.
    Millisecond Blasting Tests and Wavelet Packet Analysis of Blasting Vibration Energy
    HE Li, ZHONG Dong-Wang, LIU Jian, ZHU Kuan, HUANG Xiao-Wu
    2014, 43(06):  10-15. 
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    To study blasting vibration signal from the features of energy distribution to control the blasting vibration hazard，and combined with the experiment of millisecond blasting simulation by indoor concrete slope，the variation law of the vibration signals energy and the peak velocity with the distance is studied with MATLAB 7.0 and the wavelet pocket technique.The weakening degree of vibration signals energy and peak velocity by damping ditch，and as well as its effect on the distribution of the energy are analyzed.The conclusion is that damping ditch makes the predominant frequency of blasting vibration signal energy concentrate on the low frequency band.Within certain limits，the decrease trend of peak vibration speed and total energy of blasting vibration signals gradually becomes weaker with the increase of the propagation distance.The blasting vibration signals with large peak vibration velocity may not necessarily carry large energy，and the energy is not just the character of vibration velocity.
    Application Research of Large Diameter Long Hole Drilling with Backfill Mining Method
    HAN Bin, WU Jian-Xun, WANG Peng, SUN Wei, YAO Song, SU Xian-Feng
    2014, 43(06):  16-20. 
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    In view of the actual condition of water-rich thick complex ore-body developed in cavity region in Banmiaozi gold ore，and with the aid of advanced large trackless mechanized equipment including deep hole drill rig，charging trolley，remote scrapers，wet spray trolley and others，the mining method of large diameter long hole drilling with subsequent backfill was successfully carried out.The flat floor structure proposed is simple in construction with less mining and stoping engineering quantities.Mechanized charging up with bulk Anfo by charging trolley and millisecond blasting with high-precision digital detonators make the maximum explosive payload reach 10 t at single blasting and blasting amplitude within 0.3 cm/s.A well can be formed at a time by small section of cutting at 4㎡ and 30 m in height.According to different locations and volumes of cavities，the production capacity of per stope reaches 2 000 t/d through stoping sequence optimization，holes reparation，and holes stripping and drilling from adjacent stopes for blasting，and achieves the mining recovery rate of 94% and the dilution rate less than 7%.
    Research and Suggestions on Reasonable Span Parameters of the Stope Roof in Metal Mine with Subsequent Filling
    ZHANG Hai-Bo, LI Shi-Bo, ZHANG Yang, YANG Xi-Yang
    2014, 43(06):  21-24. 
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    According to the current mining technical conditions of an iron mine in Hebei province，research on structural parameters of this mine with subsequent filling is carried out.With combination of Beam theory in material mechanics and Flac numerical simulation，the safe and reasonable span of stope roof is analyzed.The reasonable span is determined to be about 18 m through theoretical calculation.In numerical simulation，three plans with the mining subsequence of “one and every other ones” are adopted to analyze the stress and plastic distribution and displacements under different stope spans.The result shows that with the span of the stope increasing，the stress of the roof and surrounding rock gradually alters from being pressed to being pulled.Especially when the span reaches 20 m，the plastic distribution range of the pillar increases apparently.The greater shear destruction of the pillar raises its possibility of instability.So，the span of 18 m is reasonable for the width of the chamber and pillar，which conforms to the theoretical calculation.Meanwhile，it is suggested that during the process of stoping，stress-strain monitoring of pillar and backfill should be strengthened to ensure safe and efficient mining of ore body.
    Application of Category Comprehensive Index Method in Selection of Mining Method
    ZHOU Sheng-Ping, WANG Yi-Ming, WU Ai-Xiang, AI Chun-Ming
    2014, 43(06):  25-30. 
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    Based on the deficiencies of fuzzy mathematics，AHP，grey clustering and neural network in conventional mining methods selection，the principle of comprehensive index method in econometrics is introduced into the selection of mining method and the category comprehensive index method was set up to select the mining methods.The original qualitative comparison in selection was converted into the quantitative evaluation，which can intuitively estimate the merits and demerits of mining method with figures.Through building the category comprehensive index method model to select the mining method，the mining technology and ore body condition index were comprehensively estimated and maximum index of stage room mining method about the No.1 copper deposit in Inner Mongolia reached 0.564，closest to the grade 0.586 of standardⅠ.Accordingly，the superiority of the mining plan was determined，and the optimal mining method worked out，which is consistent with the actual mining situation.The category comprehensive index method introduced into the optimization of mining method，simplifies the selection of mining methods，and greatly improved the optimization of mining method.
    Research on Stability Classification and Support Measures of Roadway Surrounding Rock in Baixiangshan Iron Mine
    QI Biao, HAN Li-Jun, CHEN Ke, SUN Mao-Gui, HUANG Xiao-Zhong, ZHANG Jian
    2014, 43(06):  31-36. 
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    The existing stability classification method of roadway surrounding rock in Baixiangshan iron ore is unable to effectively guide the roadway supporting design.For this situation，based on ground penetrating radar and physical mechanical test of surrounding rock，and comprehensively using metallurgical mines bolt-shotcrete support roadway surrounding rock classification and roadway surrounding rock loose circle classification methods，the comprehensive classification table of surrounding rock stability in roadway and the standard for scheme selection of the roadway support in Baixiangshan iron ore were produced.Based on the roadway surrounding rock′s stability of Baixiangshan iron ore，surrounding rocks are divided into five types from I to V：class I is stable，which is generally not entitled to support or just jetting 50~60 mm concrete for enclosing.Class V is extremely instable，which is generally supported by rebar anchors of 20~22 mm in diameter，2 200~2 400 mm in length，steel ladder (mesh) and anchor cable，and also by considering steel bracket for reinforce support，laying inverted arch at the roadway floor and full-face curtain grouting for advance support.The project practice shows that for the roadway supporting design based on scheme selection of the roadway support of Baixiangshan iron ore，selecting reasonable support form and parameters for different category of roadway surrounding rock can effectively control the converging deformation of the roadway surrounding rock and ensure its long-term security and stability.It has high engineering value.
    Exploration for Open-pit Mine Blasting Load Equivalent Way
    HU Jun, ZHONG Long
    2014, 43(06):  37-41. 
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    In order to obtain more accurate numerical simulation of blasting load equivalent way，based on the basic theory of strength subtraction analysis on slope stability，and aiming at special blasting load in the open-mine blasting，a equivalent loading method to accurately simulate the actual blasting load is proposed.Then，the equivalent loading method is used to analyze the open-pit mine blasting load.Blasting load is transmitted by the explosion source center to around，and the blasting load is equivalently loaded to the border of crush zone，which are more consistent with the actual hole blasting load.With FLAC3D software，the numerical model for open-pit mine slope is established to analyze the dynamic response of the slope under blasting dynamic load characteristics.With application of the strength subtraction，the dynamic safety factor of open-pit mine slope is calculated.Finally，through comparing with past equivalent method that imposes the blasting vibration to the boundary of the model，it is verified that this equivalent method applied to the slope stability analysis under blasting dynamic loading is feasible and rational.
    Stiffened Water Sealing Blasting Technology in the Hydrated Open-pit Mine
    XIE Liang-Bo, HUANG Kai-He, YANG Hai-Tao
    2014, 43(06):  42-45. 
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    Large fragments are chiefly generated at the upside parts of bench in open-pit bench blasting，and this problem isn′t well solved all the time，especially in the hydrous holes.In view of the situation that hydrous holes exist in most of open-pit mines，and in order to reduce rate of block at upside parts of bench in blasting，the charge structure of stiffened water sealing for large diameter holes is presented by analyzing the characteristics of water medium under high-impact and on-site test in Heshangqiao iron ore.That is，a certain length of water column is retained between tamping and explosive，and the stiffened tamping ammunition is arranged between tamping and water column.The theoretical analysis，calculation and on-site tests of the stiffened tamping blasting showed that this blasting technology effectively improved the block composition at upside parts of bench after blasting，reduced the rate of block and increased the utilization efficiency of explosive.By this method，the costs of secondary crushing after blasting is reduced，and the mine productivity is improved as well.Meanwhile，this technique can effectively decrease the blasting dust and create a favorable working environment for staff.Its spreading and application in similar mine achieved good economic and social benefit.
    Simulation Analysis of Mined-out Area Stability in Daye Iron Mine
    SHEN Chao-Xia, SONG Yuan-Yuan, WANG Ru-Kun, MEI Fu-Ding
    2014, 43(06):  46-49. 
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    In order to recover the ore pillars in mined-out area，and taking filling body of mined-out area in Daye Iron Mine as a case，the stress analysis model of the mined-out area is built，based on Mohr-Coulomb material deformation model.The stress variation and the distribution of plastic zone in the mined-out area before and after filling are simulated to obtain the stability of the mined-out area through the contrast.The study shows that filling the mined-out area can not only improve stress action in the mined-out area，but also shorten its plastic zone.To a large extent，backfilling improves the stoping stability of the mined-out area.
    FLAC3D Stability Analysis of a Reservoir Planned to be Constructed over Mined-out Areas
    WU Bing, HE Wen, GAO Zhong, WANG Ming, KE Xin-Hua, WU Gui-Sheng
    2014, 43(06):  50-54. 
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    An acid reservoir is planned to be constructed in a mined-out area of mine.In order to demonstrate its feasibility，a three-dimensional model of mined-out area and surface was built with 3D mining software SURPAC according to the intermediate entry plane of every stope and the topographic map.After divided into blocks，the calculation model was generated in FLAC3D by the interface program of SURPAC-FLAC3D，and then the stability of reservoir area is evaluated by calculation and analysis.Through the numerical simulation，maximum surface settlement on mined-out area is about 9.5 mm in the current situation，and a new increased settlement is about 7.1 mm after water storage in reservoir.The simulation results show that the present mined-out area is stable.The surface settlement on mined-out area is within the allowable range of building settlement after water storage in the reservoir.This provides a theoretical basis for the feasibility of building the reservoir.The field testing of blasting vibration is made to study the effect of blast vibration on stability of the reservoir area.The results show that the maximum vibration velocities are all within allowable safe range，and blast vibration has no obvious effect on safety of the acid reservoir.Some suggested measures were proposed on this basis.
    Research and Application of Coal Pillar′s Reserve-width and Supporting Structure in Hongmiao Coal Mine
    SONG Yang, ZHANG Xiang-Dong, ZHU Bai-Ru, YU Guo-Wang
    2014, 43(06):  55-59. 
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    In view of the issues in coal pillar′s reserve in protecting 2621 transport crossheading of the Yuanbaoshan Hongmiao mine in Chifeng City，mechanical parameters of coal ore and rocks are determined by indoor test.With the combination of the limit equilibrium method and the numerical simulation，the displacement of surrounding rock and the change of plastic zone are analyzed to ultimately determine the reasonable width of coal pillar and the effective supporting scheme.The research indicated that the larger the protective coal pillar′s width is，the smaller the mining and goafplastic range and the displacement of roadway tunnel area are.Then，the tunnel becomes more stable.Ultimately，the coal pillar′s width is determined to be 25 m; 2621 transport crossheading roadway is reinforced under strong constraint of small coal pillar，that is，the combination of cable+ plate + grouting and shotcrete.This method makes the roof and floor convergence decreased by 50.3%，two-side convergence decreased by 81.0%.This result illustrates that the design scheme above can effectively control the deformation of roadway.
    Mineral Processing Test on a Fine Disseminated Iron Ore from Sichuan
    ZHANG Chao-Da, WU Cheng-Cai, ZHONG Sen-Lin, YANG Zhao-Jun
    2014, 43(06):  60-64. 
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    A iron ore from Sichuan in China is sedimentary deposit containing 39.93% of iron.The major occurrence of iron ore is maghemite, accompanied with a small amount of magnetite.The disseminated grain size of iron minerals is ultra-fine, and iron minerals are associated closely with clay minerals such as chlorite in group.The full liberation of maghemite is extremely hard to be obtained and iron content in single minerals is lower.In order to provide the basis for the development of the iron ore resources, and on the basis of multi-program comparison, with the grinding fineness of -0.074 mm 55.37%, iron concentrate with the yield of 54.22%, Fe grade of 61.02%, and Fe recovery of 82.86% was obtained through the process of tailing discarding by one rounding and one scavenging, regrinding of rough concentrate to -0.074 mm 95.02% and then cleaning, regrinding of joint of scavenging concentrate and cleaning tailings to -0.045 mm 95.27% and then re-concentration.
    Beneficiation Tests on Ultra Low Grade Magnetite Ore from Dabagou in Inner Mongolia
    MA Yi-Wen
    2014, 43(06):  65-68. 
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    An ultra low grade magnetite from Dabagou, Inner Mongolia only contains iron grade of 15.68%, and 21.81% iron exists in form of ferric metasilicate.Meanwhile few fine magnetite grains are parceled in garnet and biotite, so it is hard to liberate.Beneficiation tests were carried out in order to provide basis for developing the ore.The results showed that iron tailing with production rate of 54.16% and iron grade of 7.71% was discarded by dry separation of lump ores, closed-circuit high pressure roller mill, and dry separation of fine ores, which increased iron grade from 15.72% to 25.19% with only 4.68% of magnetic iron lost.Iron concentrate with iron grade of 65.52%, total Fe recovery of 57.39% and Fe recovery of 78.14% was received by dealing with primary concentrate through the process of stage grinding, fine screen classification and stage low intensity magnetic separation.
    Beneficiation Test of Copper, Iron and Sulfur Recovery from Hekou Copper Ore
    XIAO Jun-Hui, SHI Zhe, SUN Hong-Juan, FAN Shan-Ping, WANG Zhen
    2014, 43(06):  69-74. 
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    Hekou copper ore in Yunnan contains Cu grade of 0.59%, S grade of 4.57% and Fe grade of 26.98%.It belongs to the S-Fe associated low grade copper sulphide ore, among which Cu, S and Fe exist in the form of chalcopyrite, pyrite and magnetite respectively.But there are a small amount of chalcopyrite and pyrite formed solid solution.Comprehensive recovery tests of copper, sulfur and iron were conducted by the process of copper-sulfur bulk flotation, copper-sulfur separated flotation, and low intensity magnetic separation of flotation tailings.Then, copper concentrate with Cu grade of 18.03% and Cu recovery of 93.07%, sulfur concentrate with S grade of 52.02% and S recovery of 52.02%, and iron concentrate with Fe grade of 61.90% and Fe recovery of 27.38% were obtained separately.This provides a technical basis for development and utilization of the ore.
    Vanadium Precipitating Process by Ammonium Salts in Acid Leaching Vanadium-rich Solution After Vanadium Extracting from Stone Coal
    HAO Wen-Bin, DAI Zi-Lin, GUO Qiu-Song, WEI Qing, LI Yun-Xiao
    2014, 43(06):  75-78. 
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    The process consisting of direct acid leaching-extraction-back extraction-vanadium precipitation by ammonia is adopted to treat the vanadium-containing stone coal in Shaanxi Wuzhou Mining Co., Ltd..However, there are some problems in this treatment such as low vanadium precipitation rate (about 95%), high content of ammonia-nitrogen in mother liquid and high LOI in filtering cake of vanadium precipitation, high prices of liquid ammonia, difficulty in transportation, and instable quality of final product V2O5.To solve these problems, possibility of vanadium precipitation from back-extracting vanadium-rich liquid in Wuzhou Mining Company by ammonium salts to substitute liquid ammonia was firstly investigated in laboratory.The results showed that all three kinds of ammonium salts adopted in the laboratory obtained better vanadium precipitation effect than the liquid ammonia.Especially, ammonium bicarbonate is the best one (highest vanadium precipitation and highest purity in the final products V2O5, lowest ammonia-nitrogen content in mother liquid and lowest LOI of filtering cake).The suitable dosage of ammonium bicarbonate is as two times as ammonium factor.According to laboratory test results, industrial tests of ammonia bicarbonate instead of liquid ammonia are further carried out in vanadium precipitation workshop of Wuzhou Mining Company.The test results showed that its vanadium precipitation rate reached nearly 99%, and the purity of final product V2O5 was stabilized at 98 % or more.These verify the effectiveness of ammonium bicarbonate instead of liquid ammonia.In accordance with industrial estimates, the ammonium bicarbonate as vanadium precipitation agent may increase economic benefit by 300 million in Wuzhou Mining Company.
    Progress in Vanadium Extraction from High Calcium and High Phosphorus Vanadium Slag
    WANG Jun, SUN Chao-Hui, YU Xiao-Chun, SU Yi, FU Zi-Bi, GUO Ji-Ke
    2014, 43(06):  79-82. 
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    In order to provide a reference for overcoming the difficulty in utilization of high calcium and high phosphorus vanadium slag, the main vanadium extraction processes from slag are summarized such as sodium roasting-vanadium extraction by water leaching, calcified roasting -vanadium extraction by acid leaching, calcified roasting-vanadium extraction by sodium carbonate leaching, vanadium extraction by solvent, and vanadium extraction by ion exchange.Based on these processes, such processes as sodium roasting-vanadium extraction by water leaching, calcified roasting-vanadium extraction by acid leaching, calcified roasting-vanadium extraction by sodium carbonate leaching are focused on, and advances in some new processes in treating high calcium and high phosphorus vanadium slag are emphasized, including calcified roasting-vanadium extraction by ammonium carbonate leaching, calcified roasting-vanadium extraction by oxalate leaching.In view of the defects in these processes, it is clear that fining additives for phosphorus removal in calcified roasting, declining the dosage of leaching agent in ammonium carbonate leaching and simplifying the leaching agent types in oxalate leaching should be the research direction for vanadium extraction from high calcium and high phosphorus vanadium slag.
    Research Progress on and Development Trend of Exploitation Technique of Ion-absorbed Type Rare Earth Ore
    LUO Xian-Ping, WENG Cun-Jian, XU Jing, MA Pei-Long, TANG Xue-Kun, CHI Ru-An
    2014, 43(06):  83-90. 
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    The feature of ion-absorbed type rare earth ore is introduced.The research and practical progress on exploitation technique of ion-absorbed type rare earth ore are summarized from aspects of improvements in leaching, purification of leaching solution, settlement process and its technical and economic index, and environmental benefits.Some problems existing in the exploitation process of ion-absorbed type rare earth ore were pointed out.It is recommended that researches on basic theory of in-situ leaching process and slope stability management should be strengthened in the future, and high-efficient and low-polluted leaching agent and precipitating agent be prepared to substitute ammonium sulfate and ammonium bicarbonate, secondary migration rule of rare earth and heavy metal ions in tailings be grasped, and recovery of low-grade ion-absorbed rare earth be emphasized.Finding an efficient way to solve problems of slow precipitation existing in ammonium bicarbonate precipitation method and difficulty in preparing crystal rare earth carbonate can promote sustainable development of green and high efficient exploitation technique of ionic-type rare earth ore.
    Environmental Problems and Treatment Measures in Ionic-type Rare Earth Mine
    LUO Cai-Gui, LUO Xian-Ping, SU Jia, CHEN Chun-Fei, HAN Dong-Xue-1
    2014, 43(06):  91-96. 
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    Combining with development of exploitation process of ionic-type rare earth ore, environmental problems caused by exploitation of ionic rare earth ore were summarized, including geological disasters of large area of vegetation damage, serious soil erosion and landslides and debris flow, soil salinization, and pollution of surface water and underground water.The measures for environmental pollution control were introduced from three aspects of pollution control, project management and ecological restoration.Among these, pollution control includes distribution of clear water and wastewater, artificial anti-seepage bottom, class three monitoring fluid-collecting system,dynamics long-term monitoring network of groundwater and ammonia-nitrogen wastewater treatment.Project management includes land consolidation, drainage system and other projects.Ecological restoration consists of soil improvement, vegetation restoration and microbial remediation techniques.
    Element Distribution of the Surrounding Rock of Zhaxikang Deposit in Longzi Country，Tibet
    QING Cheng-Shi, DING Jun, LI Guang-Ming, ZHOU Qing, LAI Yang
    2014, 43(06):  97-100. 
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    Through field investigation on a west-east rock geochemical section and a southern Cuonadong geochemical section in Zaxikang Metallogenetic Area，the variation of main ore-forming elements in mining area，strata and rock mass is studied.It is indicated that contents of Ag，Au，W gradually decrease from mining area to the sides; contents of Pb and Zn lie in the background as a whole，and both show high abnormal value in the scope of selected area.Contents of Sb decrease from west to east.According to the R cluster analysis results，abnormal distribution of the element has a certain instruction function to find the source of metallogenic material.Pb and Zn in surface strata have less relationship with metallogenesis; Au，Ag and W maybe come from the deep materials，and W may have some relationship with the southern Cuonadong granite; Sb may come from the supplement of western materials.Strong materials exchange process happens at contact zone of granite rock mass and surrounding rock in Cuonadong，and the rock mass providing metallogenic material is relatively high in possibility.
    Baiyingaolao Group Volcanic Rock Characteristics and Genesis in Zhalantun Region
    ZHANG Ya-Ming, DU Yu-Chun, CUI Tian-Ri, LI Lin-Chuan, QIN Tao
    2014, 43(06):  101-1-4. 
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    Samples such as silicate and heavy sand in Zhalantun region are collected，tested and analyzed.Among these,w(SiO2) is from 70.10% to 75.97%，and w(Al2O3) is from 12.50% to 15.60%，which belong to the acid rocks and SiO2，Al2O3 are over saturated.Sub-alkaline rocks are the main component of the samples，w(K2O) is from 4.20% to 5.77% with average of 4.05%，and w(Na2O+K2O) is from 7.56% to 9.95% with average of 8.62%.The samples are enriched in LILE such as Rb、Ba、Sr，but the HFSE such as Nb、Ta、P、Ti and HREE are less relatively.So，anomaly is obviously in the primitive mantle spider diagram.Based on calculation method of the CIPW standard mineral percentage by weight，δ Eu is from 0.05 to 0.68 with average of 0.38 ;δ Ce is from 0.88 to 1.02 with average of 0.98.The volcanic rocks samples are conducted to make isotopic dating analysis by means of LA-CIP-MS technology.According to the age harmonic graph and weighted graph，age of the volcanic rocks in the Zhalantun region is from 125 to 135 Ma，so the volcanic rocks belong to the early Cretaceous Baiyingaolao formation.Comprehensively analyzing the characteristics of the Zhalantun volcanic rocks and combined with the research results of other people，it is found that the early Cretaceous Baiyingaolao formation in Zhalantun region was formed in ancient Asia or mantle with fluid metasomatism and crystallization differentiation related by Mongolia-Okhotsk ocean close.
    Geological Features and Genesis of the Maerzheng Copper(gold) Deposit in the Eastern Part of Kunlun Area
    CHANG Xin, WANG Quan-Feng, TONG Hai-Kui, ZHANG Xiao-Pan, PENG Tao
    2014, 43(06):  105-108. 
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    According to the analysis of geological structure characteristics of Maerzheng mining area，it is considered that the copper mineralized bodies in the mining area are significantly controlled by the mid-metamorphic basic volcano rocks，and orebodies′ occurrence are consistent with the surrounding rocks.The gold mineralized bodies are significantly controlled by a large NW trending shear zone and it belongs to the fracture belt altered rock type gold deposit related with Indosinian orogenic events.Therefore，Maerzheng copper(gold) deposit is the one that is mainly constituted by volcanogenic massive sulphide copper mineralization copper deposit，followed by fracture zone of altered rock type gold deposit.The analysis on 1/10 000 geochemical soil survey data by adopting the fractal content-area method indicated that the area of geochemical anomalies is large，and the elements are basically in the same shape with highly overlapped and good zonation.According to the analysis of geological background and geological situation，it is indicated that，the ore prospecting of copper(gold) should be good.The indicators of ore prospecting are given.The Maerzheng copper(gold) deposit has middle or large prospective scale.
    Characteristics of Nawucuo′s Ophiolite in the Western Segment of the Bangongcuo-Nujiang Suture Zone
    WU Xiao-Shuang, TAO Zhuan, WAN Yong-Wen, HU Juan, MENG Jia-Ke
    2014, 43(06):  109-113. 
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    Through analyzing the geological setting，petrology，geochemistry characteristics and tectonic setting of ophiolite in Nawucuo，it is discovered that the ultrabasic rock are characterized by high Cr，Ni，Co，ΣREE，and low Mg＇value.Its major element and REE indicated that the ultrabasic rock has the comagmatic feature with altered basalt.The major elements of altered basalt indicated the characteristics of transition to alkali basalt from tholeiite.The trace elements analysis show that the distribution pattern of trace elements of altered basalt is nearly flat and the altered basalt are relative enrichment of LILE and HFSE，such as Rb，Ba，Sr，Th，Ta，Hf，but Nb is loss，which is significantly unlike the typical mid-ocean ridge basalt.The REE distribution pattern are light REE enrichment in right gently-dip type，with no obvious Eu anomaly，but negative Ce anomaly，which is similar to the characteristics of the oceanic island basalts.According to the geological characteristics of ophiolite and adopting the tectonic environment discrimination diagrams，it is determined that the geotectonic setting of ophiolite of Nawucuo is formed in spreading ocean basin.Besides that，the ophiolite is similar to the edge of the sea ophiolite，but not a typical oceanic ophiolite.
    Application of Resistivity Sounding Method in Detecting Mine Flooding Zones
    REN Jian-Wei, XIE Xiong-Gang, ZHU Yun-Cang, ZHANG Jiang-Yan
    2014, 43(06):  114-117. 
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    Taking a Coal Mine of Guizhou province for example，the spatial distribution situations of three zones and the structural fissure rich water areas in the mined-out area were investigated.Based on the resistivity sounding method，the line probing profile maps were obtained by setting 8 detection lines in testing zone.Combining with geological and hydrogeological conditions and physical characteristics of the testing zone，and the resistivity distribution characteristics of line probing profile maps in the testing zone，some special areas were delineated，including 2 effect areas of rock mass joint fracture or broken water-bearing scope，23 effect areas of three zones filling with water or mud in mined-out area，6 effect areas of three zones without being filled or being filled a half in mined-out area and 9 moderate flooding zones.According to contrast between the hydrogeology survey and the exploration profile maps by resistivity sounding method，it is confirmed that the probing profile by resistivity sounding method are reasonable and reliable in the testing zone.So，the resistivity sounding method can be applied to forecast the hydrogeological characteristics in advance in the testing zone.
    Application of OpenGL in Mine Laneway Visualization
    ZHANG Si-Qing, ZHOU Tian-Hong, TAN Tong-De, YU Hui-Ying
    2014, 43(06):  118-122. 
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    The 3D simulation system of coal mine laneway is a complex technical system based on computer graphics，artificial intelligence，network technology，image processing，speech processing and high performance computing.It can realize the simulation of 3D scene under different conditions.Based on the OpenGL（Open Graphics Library)，and in Visual C++ 6.0 integrated development environment，the 3D tunnel simulation system was designed to solve the key problems among them.The system can simulate the external and internal conditions of roadway and finally realize the roadway owning the sense of reality through mapping.The simulation system of mine roadway is a set of hardware and software equipment using virtual reality technology.The tunnel 3D scene based on roadway data，principle of roadway establishment and image data makes users easily understand the underground tunnel，and provides reliable guarantee for safe development of coal mine as well.
    Study on Underground VOD Intelligent Ventilation Technology of Metal Mine
    WU Hai-Liang, WANG Peng, PAN Jun-Yi, WANG Lian-Sheng
    2014, 43(06):  123-127. 
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    Based on the principle of “demand-supply” balance of mine air quantity，VOD (ventilation-on-demand) intelligent ventilation supplies air on demand，and it is the energy-saving intelligent ventilation technology of metal mine and can realize the closed loop control of fan and air quantity by remote centralized monitoring system.VOD intelligent ventilation analyzes the factors affecting the actual air quantity on demand from aspects of the distribution of working face′s type，the working status of main equipment，the type and number of operational staff，underground air temperature and humidity，and feed them back to the VOD intelligent ventilation control system with a certain means of monitoring.Then，the actual air quantity Qx on demand will be automatically calculated.Accordingly，the actual air supply quantity is monitored through the air monitoring technology and feed back to the VOD intelligent ventilation control system to calculate the actual air supply quantity Qg.According to the value of Qx and Qg，automatical regulation of the fan can be controlled by the start-stop or the frequency conversion to realize the closed loop control of fan and air quantity in ventilation system.At the same time，3D ventilation simulation system provides a reference for the fan control decision-making of VOD intelligent ventilation control system.Both of them can also verify with each other.
    Application of VoIP Technology in Mine Communication System
    LI Xiao-Jun, SU Jun, ZHANG Qian-Ming
    2014, 43(06):  128-131. 
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    The application of the VoIP technology in mine communication system was mainly introduced.The present condition of the mine communication system was firstly present，the concept of the traditional PSTN communication system and its network structure were reviewed，and the concept，composition，key features and underground network structure of VoIP technology were focused on.Then，taking the communication system in six systems of a mine for example，the application of the VoIP technology in the construction and implementation of mine communication system was mainly introduced.Such services as voice communication，scheduling，emergency management and the storage services about the correlative events were achieved.Then，the advantage and prospect of the VoIP technology in operation of mine communication system was presented，and problems existing in the VoIP technology were put forward as well.Therefore，the application of VoIP technology in mine communication system greatly improves the efficiency of the mine communication.It satisfies the safe and highly-efficient production，and provides a base for construction of digital mine.
    Optimization of Deep Shaft Temporary Reconstructions in Western Mining Area
    GAO Shu-Ming
    2014, 43(06):  132-134. 
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    In view of the issue on the temporary reconstruction of deep vertical shaft in the western mining area，and taking the diagonal arrangement of the main shaft，auxiliary shaft and ventilation shaft in Tashidian NO.1 coal mine，Sinkiang for example，the main factors influencing the temporary reconstruction were analyzed，and the temporary reconstruction of deep vertical shaft was optimized with comprehensive comparison of alternative methods.Results indicated that diameter of shaft，hoisting capacity，hoisting equipment and lifting time are the main factors influencing temporary reconstruction; Selecting main shaft and ventilation shaft for temporary reconstruction and permanent equipment for auxiliary shaft can meet the needs of the hoisting capability for roadway driving engineering; Temporary reconstruction of main shaft appropriately adopts a pair of 1.5 t mine car with double-deck single car as temporary cage;Temporary reconstruction of ventilation shaft can draw lessons from the successful experience of metal mine，and adopts the double-hook mix hoisting way equipped with a 3 m3 skip and a 1 t double-deck cage.The research has a guiding role in accelerating construction speed and reducing the constructing period for Tashidian NO.1 coal mine.At the same time，it provides the reference for temporary reconstruction of deep vertical shaft in Sinkiang and other western mining areas.
    Simulation Analysis of Three Annular Splicing Magnetic System Based on Magnet
    SHI Chang-Liang, YOU Pei-Hai, ZHANG Yi-Shun, YANG Ji-Ping, XIE Yu-Juan, WANG Ying
    2014, 43(06):  135-139. 
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    In view of the existing serious problems in current permanent magnetic roll magnetic separator, such as magnetic flux leakage, low magnetic field intensity etc, three new types of permanent magnetic roll magnetic system structure of Yoke-Cone(YC), Yoke-Round(YR), and Non-Yoke(NY) are proposed.And their magnetic field properties are simulated by Magnet software.The results showed that: the max value of circumferential magnetic field intensity and magnetic field gradient intensity around the roll surface, the max initial value of radial magnetic field intensity and magnetic field force decrease as the YC→YR→NY subsequence; The working depth value of radial magnetic field intensity decreases as YR→NY→YC subsequence, while that of radial magnetic field force decreases as YR→YC→NY subsequence.It shows that yoke can greatly improve the magnetism gathering and weaken magnetic flux leakage.Yoke-cone has a more significant effect on magnetism gathering, but its working depth is greatly reduced.The simulation results reflect that YR has best overall magnetic field characteristics, followed by YC and NY in order.
    Discussion on Stability Calculation Method of Rock Slope Containing Discontinuities
    WANG Jian, CHEN Cong-Xin, ZHENG Yun
    2014, 43(06):  140-144. 
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    The stability of rock slope is mainly controlled by discontinuities of rocks.Studying the stability analysis method of jointed rock slope possesses important theoretical significance and engineering value.With the engineering case as background，the processes and methods of calculation parameters of rock and discontinuities are firstly given through field tests and laboratory tests.Secondly，based on the strength reduction theory，the strength reduction program is written using FISH language and it is applied to the Ubiquitous-Joint Model.Thirdly，the method that thin layer of material is used to simulate rock discontinuities is proposed and then the limit equilibrium method is applied to calculate the slope safety factor.Finally，the stability of rock slope containing a set of preferred structure plane is calculated respectively by the finite difference method，the discrete element method and the limit equilibrium method.The calculated results show that the slope safety factors by the three methods above and the potential failure mode are consistent.The research findings provide effective methods to make the stability evaluation of similar slope projects.
    Motion Laws of Overlying Strata under Different Goaf Disposal
    HE Tao, LIU Chang-Wu, YE Ding-Yang, KANG Ya-Ming
    2014, 43(06):  145-149. 
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    With the use of the elastic thin plate theory and energy method principal，the displacement function of main roofs under all caving method and all fill mining method before breaking was created.According to the principle of analog simulation，a experiment was carried out on the movement and damage laws of working face's overlying strata under all caving method and all filling mining method.The research showed：the experimental values of main roof's displacement in all caving method and all filling mining method are in good agreement with theoretical values，and displacement theory model can reflect motion laws of main roofs before breaking; The key strata movement has synchronicity with surface subsidence in all caving method; All caving method leads to the upper strata producing non-uniform horizontal displacement，causing strata extrusion or cracking deformation.It has great influence on overall structural stability of overlying strata; All filling mining method doesn′t lead to the upper strata producing non-uniform horizontal displacement and make inferior key strata play the role of main key strata，which can reduce the redistribution scope of overburden stress，and effectively control the surface subsidence.
    Effects Comparison of Different Reclamation Modes in Grassland Opencast Coalmine Area
    GUO Ling-Li, WANG Jin-Man, ZHANG Meng, BAI Zhong-Ke, XIN Xian-Hua, LIU Chun-Lei
    2014, 43(06):  150-155. 
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    Grassland opencast coalmine area is located in the soil and water resources arid ecological fragile areas in the west.Therefore，that to achieve the most efficient use of the limited water and topsoil resources in grassland area，plays a crucial role in land reclamation and ecological restoration.Taking East II opencast coalmine in Datang，Inner Mongolia of China as an example，the field investigation method was used to study the soil quality variation under different topsoil storage methods，and to analyze the topsoil quality variation and vegetation restoration effects under different dump platform and dump slope reclamation modes in the grassland opencast coalmine area.Research results show that topsoil plays a vital role in land reclamation in grassland opencast coalmine area，and the heap shape topsoil storage mode is more beneficial to maintain the soil quality and properties.The mode “covering topsoil + covering straws + grass grid + applying fertilization” in dump platform and the mode “covering topsoil + covering straws + grass grid” in dump slope can lead to the best topsoil quality and vegetation restoration effects.But it was still less than the original landscape topsoil quality level.The research can provide technical support and theory basis for land reclamation and ecological restoration in the grassland area.
    Numerical Simulation Analysis of Ventsim-based Fan Parallel Connection Work
    ZHU Bi-Yong, SHENG Jian-Hong, LIAO Wen-Jing
    2014, 43(06):  156-159. 
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    Aiming at the effect and stability of fan parallel operation in the mine ventilation system，and taking the optimization design of ventilation system for an antimony mine in Hunan as a engineering case，the three-dimensional model of mine ventilation system was established through the analysis of the characteristic curve of fan，and with the use of ventsim software.Then the ventilation effect of parallel operation for different types of fan was simulated and analyzed.It is proved that the optimization design above is feasible and reasonable.
    Study on the Water-resisting Ability of Mudstone under Seam Floor Based on Water Injection Experiment
    FU Jia-Ju, JIANG Zhen-Quan, LIU Jin-Guo, GOU Yun-Ying, LI Ting
    2014, 43(06):  160-163. 
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    The in-situ water injection experiment is a particularly useful technique to determine the water-resisting ability of rock mass.In order to probe the water-resisting ability of lower coal mudstone seam floor，the water injection experiment in field is made to test two mudstone segments with different fragmentation degrees of Yanzhou Mining Area.With the permeability and the mean of water-resisting strength as the evaluation index，the water-resisting ability of the rock mass is comparatively analyzed.Results showed that the fragmented mudstone was stronger than the thick-bedded intact mudstone in the permeability with limited water resisting，the permeability of the rock mutated when the press reached at critical value.The change of permeability made by water pressure was sustained in fragmented mudstone，but it was instantaneous in thick-bedded intact mudstone.The thick-bedded intact mudstone was stronger than the fragmented mudstone in the mean of water-resisting strength.The conclusions will have the guide role in the cognition of lower coal mudstone seam floor in Yanzhou Mining Area，and the results make an important reference for safety-mining of lower coal mining.
    Stability Analysis of Movable Block at Lateral Wall of Underground Mining in a Copper Mine
    LIN Guo-Hong, HE Shu
    2014, 43(06):  164-166. 
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    The lateral wall stability of underground mining in a copper mine in Jiangxi province was analyzed in theory.Firstly，the stability analysis model of movable blocks under crustal stress was proposed，then based on the principle of force balance，the relationship formula between the principal stress and the direction and angle of rock mass structural plane was established，and the sliding resistance equation of movable blocks was obtained.Based on this，the stability coefficient equation of blocks along the double sliding was established.The calculation results showed that the stability value of block decreases with the increasing of angle between maximum horizontal stress direction and stoping drift direction；When the maximum horizontal stress direction is the same as stoping approach direction，the stability value of block increases.The effect of the maximum horizontal stress on the stability of the block is in connection with the principal stress value and the occurrence of rock mass structural plane.
    Plan Optimization and Test for Soft Soil Foundation Treatment of Emergency Flat of Mine
    YU Guang-Xia, SU Ju-Shi, CHEN Li-Bing
    2014, 43(06):  167-170. 
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    Based on current conditions of supporting facilities for mine construction used to treat large area of soft foundation in large-scale fields in case of emergency，and taking a certain mine emergency field located in the floodplain region and with a pond distributed in the field as an example，the treatment method of precipitation + dynamic consolidation is chosen from several common foundation treatment methods through technical comparison and economic analysis.Its construction technology is described as follows：lower down the groundwater level to an appropriate elevation through well-point dewatering，and then tamp the foundation soil by means of dynamic consolidation，so as to improve bearing capacity of the foundation and reduce the settlement amount.In order to specify the most suitable method used for foundation treatment for this field，four test sections are designed for trail tamping.Moreover，compressibility and bearing capacity of the foundation in different test section are obtained through static sounding，load plate and other tests.The optimal construction method is selected and applied into construction of the field.Additionally，actually measured information after completion is also used to verify the optimized plan as well as the advancement，reliability，and applicability of technical parameters.
    Treatment of Simulated Acid Mine Drainage by Immobilized Biological Activated Carbon Process
    CHEN Yue-Fang, ZHANG Guo-Hua, GAO Kun, JI Zhen, AN Dan-Feng
    2014, 43(06):  171-176. 
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    The strain T1 which is domesticated from wastewater drainage sludge in a lead-zinc mine of Hubei Daye, can effectively adsorb Zn2+ and Pb2+ and is resistant to low pH value.Identified by molecular biology, it is called the Cellulosimicrobium funkei.T1 was immobilized on activated carbon by a single strain of continuous membrane, the immobilized biological activated carbon (IBAC) technique was adopted to treat the acidic Pb-Zn mine waste water with pH value 4, Pb2+ content of 30 mg/L, Zn2+ content of 100 mg/L, and then contrasted with a simple activated carbon adsorption process.The test results showed that: the removal rate of Zn2+ and Pb2+ for 7 d reached to 75.28% and 74.16% respectively by IBAC process, and the pH value of treated wastewater raised to between 6.8 and 7.5.Although the activated carbon adsorption process realized the removal rate of 96.80% and 95.21% of Pb2+ and Zn2+ in dealing with the wastewater at the initial stage, but decreased to 9.65% and 12.93 % only after 80h.While the IBAC process can remain removal rate of Pb2+ and Zn2+ between 68.27% and 76.25%, between 71.27% and 77.89% respectively.SEM test results showed that under the activated carbon membrane, the particle is covered by T1, and becomes coarser and more porous.In fibrous, T1 expands in volume after adsorbing Pb2+ and Zn2+, and owns a stronger bond with each other.The findings above can be as a reference for industrial processing of acid Pb-Zn mine drainage by IBAC technology.
    Separation Experiment of Pyrite in a Certain Kaolin Ore
    CAO Xue-Peng, YU Lian-Xiang, ZHOU Ji-Kui, GU Guo-Hua
    2014, 43(06):  177-180. 
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    There are 79.82% of kaolinite, 18.14% of pyrite and only 2.06% of impurities in a certain kaolin ore.To eliminate the effects of pyrite on kaolin, and realize comprehensive utilization of pyrite, laboratory tests of sulfur flotation are carried out.According to the characteristics that the kaolin is easy sliming and the particles size of pyrite is small, the imitating closed-circuit grinding was adopted in the laboratory to get fine grinding for the raw ores.The results showed that under grinding fineness of about -0.043 mm 95%, the pyrite was fully dissociated, and the interference of kaolin sliming to the sulfur flotation process was reduced.With acidic sodium silicate as dispersant of kaolinite, butyl xanthate as collector of pyrite, sulfur concentrate with S grade of 48.77% and S recovery of 87.30% was obtained by adopting the closed-circuit flotation flowsheet of one roughing, two-cleaning and two-scavenging.And the products left in sulfur flotation tank, kaolin concentrate, can be directly used as low-grade ceramics raw material.