露天铁矿山典型立地类型划分与主导因子分析

金属矿山 ›› 2016, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (06): 173-179.

露天铁矿山典型立地类型划分与主导因子分析

尹海魁¹，许皞^1,2,3，李大伟¹，夏书培¹，周亚鹏^1,3，赵文廷^2,3

1.河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院，河北保定 071000；2.河北农业大学国土资源学院，河北保定 071000；3.矿山生态环境保定野外观测基地，河北保定 071000

出版日期:2016-06-15 发布日期:2016-08-19
基金资助:
* 河北省重点科技支撑项目（编号：12235401），河北农业大学社科基金项目（编号：SK201518）。

Typical Site Type Classification and Dominant Factor Analysis of Open-pit Rron Mine

Yin Haikui¹，Xu Hao^1,2,3，Li Dawei¹，Xia Shupei¹，Zhou Yapeng^1,3，Zhao Wenting^2,3

1.College of Resources and Environment Science，Agricultural University of Hebei，Baoding 071000，China；2.College of Land and Resources，Agricultural University of Hebei，Baoding 071000，China；3.Baoding Observation Area of Ecological Environment in Mining Field，Baoding 071000，China

Online:2016-06-15 Published:2016-08-19

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探究矿山废弃地立地条件，加快矿山生态环境的恢复与重建，从微地貌、土壤和植被3个层次选择高程、植物生物量等9个立地因子，对影响矿山立地类型的因子进行相关性分析和主成分分析，找出主导影响因子，以此进行矿山典型立地类型的划分，再对典型立地类型的主导影响因子进行对比分析，找出不同立地类型间的差异性。立地因子之间存在一定的正负相关性，影响露天铁矿山立地类型的主导因子为饱和持水量、粒级组成和植物生物量。通过对露天矿山废弃地实地调查和因子分析，按照三级分类体系，将矿山分成11种立地类型，并基于主成分分析结果和矿山废弃地的可恢复性将土石混合型边坡、尾矿砂边坡、干选废石型边坡列为露天铁矿典型立地类型。矿山废弃地在保水与持水能力上与一般的土壤具有明显的差异，土石混合边坡饱和持水量为11.74%，干选废石边坡饱和持水量为5.89%，尾矿砂边坡饱和持水量为13.87%，作为对照的中壤土饱和持水量为31.26%。在矿山典型废弃地立地类型中，土石混合型边坡和干选废石边坡的砾石（>2 mm）含量大于60%，颗粒普遍偏大，此为影响植被恢复的关键所在；尾矿砂边坡砂粒（0.25～0.075 mm）成分占主导地位，粉粒和黏粒成分缺乏；作为对照的未被破坏的山皮土中砂粒（1～0.05 mm）含量为36%，粉粒（0.05～0.01 mm）含量为48%。

关键词: 铁矿废弃地, 立地因子, 植被恢复, 立地类型划分

Abstract: In order to explore the site conditions of mining wasteland，to accelerate the restoration and reconstruction of ecological environment，9 site factors，such as altitude and plant biomass was selected from three aspects of micro topography，soil and vegetation to analyze the factors of affecting the site types of mine，and find out the dominant factors by using correlation analysis and principal component analysis.A comparative analysis of the dominant influence factors of typical site types is made to find out the differences between different site types.There was a positive and negative correlation between the site factors，and the dominant factors of affecting the site type of the open pit iron mine were capacity of saturated water holding，composition of grain size and plant biomass.Through the investigation and factor analysis about open-pit mines abandoned field and according to the classification system，mines was divided into 11 types according to the three site classification system.Based on the analysis of principal component results and the recovery of mining wasteland，the soil rock mixture slope type slope，tailings sand slope，dry waste rock type was classified as a typical site type.Mines wasteland in water retention and water holding capacity have a great difference from common soil.The saturated water holding capacity of the earth-rock slope is 11.74%；The saturated water holding capacity of dry rock slope is 5.89%；The saturated water holding capacity of the tailings slope of is 13.87%；As a control，the saturated water holding capacity of the medium loam was 31.26%.In the typical abandoned site types of mines，the content of gravel (>2 mm) on earth rock mixed slope and dry waste rock slope are more than 60%，and its particle is generally larger；This is the key point of impacting vegetation restoration；Tailings sand slope (0.25~0.075 mm) component is dominant，lacking for powder and clay composition；As a control，the content of sand mountain surface soil that is not damaged (1~0.05 mm) is 36%，and powder (0.05~0.01 mm) content is 48%.

Key words: Pen-pit iron mine, Site Factors, Vegetation restoration, Site types

尹海魁, 许皞, 李大伟, 夏书培, 周亚鹏, 赵文廷. 露天铁矿山典型立地类型划分与主导因子分析[J]. 金属矿山, 2016, 45(06): 173-179.

YIN Hai-Kui, XU Hao, LI Da-Wei, XIA Shu-Pei, ZHOU Ya-Peng, ZHAO Wen-Ting. Typical Site Type Classification and Dominant Factor Analysis of Open-pit Rron Mine[J]. Metal Mine, 2016, 45(06): 173-179.

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