关键词: 爆破粉尘, 爆破有毒气体, 装药结构, 水力除尘

Abstract: The work environment is seriously polluted by blasting dust containing a great deal of fine particles and toxic gases.It often leads to poisoning and anthracosis and other occupational diseases.In order to effectively control the blasting dust and blasting toxic gases,experiments of blasting dust control with different charge structures were carried out in sealed container based on the mechanism analysis of blasting dust and toxic gases.The results showed that dust adsorption rates of water interval charge structure with aperture arrangement,hole bottom arrangement and radial arrangement respectively were 73.49%,71.08% and 32.53%,while carbon monoxide absorption rates respectively were 69.95%,36.85% and 14.11%.Considering the operability of field application,aperture arrangement was the best charge structure to control blasting dust and toxic gases.Field tests indicated that dust concentration was 70.27%~77.42% lower than the compared experiment,with the charge structure of micronic dust blasting.This charge structure has a good effect on reducing blasting dust and reducing ventilation time,which verified the feasibility and reliability of hydraulic dust removal and provided guidance to create a good working environment for the mine production.So it has good application value.

Key words: Blasting dust, Blasting toxic gases, Charge structure, Hydraulic dust removal