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金属矿山 ›› 2021, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (01): 106-119.

• “十三五”矿业专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

岩体崩塌灾害成因机制与早期预警研究综述

杜岩,谢谟文,蒋宇静,陈晨,贾北凝, 霍磊晨   

  1. 1. 北京科技大学城市地下空间工程北京市重点实验室,北京100083;2. 山东科技大学矿山灾害预防控制省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地,山东青岛266590;3. 中关村智连灾害感知科学研究院,北京102100;4. 建设部综合勘察设计研究院有限公司,北京100007
  • 出版日期:2021-01-15 发布日期:2021-01-18
  • 基金资助:
    “十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2018YFE0101100);国家自然科学基金项目(编号:41572274,41702371);中央高校基本科研业务专项(编号:FRF-BD-20-01A)。

Review on the Formation Mechanism and Early Warning of Rock Collapse

DU Yan,XIE Mowen,JIANG Yujing,CHEN Chen,JIA Beining,HUO Leichen   

  1. 1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Space Engineering,University of Science & Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;2. State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266590,China;3. Zhongguancun Institute of Hazard Science,Beijing 102100,China;4. Comprehensive Institute of Geotechnical Investigation and Surveying,Ministry of Construction,Beijing 100007,China
  • Online:2021-01-15 Published:2021-01-18

摘要: 作为我国常见的一种地质灾害,崩塌成因复杂,分布范围广,隐蔽性和突发性强,危害性大,其早期预 警技术一直难以实现。通过对岩体崩塌灾害成因机理与预警研究总结得出,开展崩塌灾害发生的主控因素岩桥的 定量识别与模糊评价,是未来岩体崩塌灾害预警预防的关键所在,而固有振动频率等动力学指标在岩桥损伤分析、 危岩快速识别以及崩塌早期预警等方面具有明显的应用优势。此外,关注分离阶段及其分离破坏前兆是提高岩块 体崩塌灾害早期预警时效性的有效手段之一,建立基于分离破坏前兆识别的岩体崩塌灾害预警方法并健全三位一 体的监测预警指标体系可改变目前崩塌灾害被动预防的态势。与此同时还需同步开展国产高精度遥感振动监测 技术装备研发,这是满足我国崩塌灾害早期预警核心技术创新发展与国家工程安全建设战略需要的必然选择。针 对目前崩塌灾害早期监测预警研究中存在的五大技术瓶颈问题,提出了具体的应对策略和技术措施。最后得出系 统开展脆性破坏灾害的早期监测预警体系研究并实现相关技术突破无论是在“一带一路”等工程安全需求方面,还 是在全国地质灾害预警预防方面,都将具有极强的理论意义与应用价值。

关键词: 崩塌, 早期预警, 岩桥, 脆性破坏灾害, 三位一体监测指标体系

Abstract: As a common geological disaster in our country,the cause of the collapse is complex,the distribution range is wide,the concealment and suddenness are strong,and the damage is great. Its early warning technology has been difficult to realize. Based on the research on the causal mechanism and early warning of rock collapse disasters,it is concluded that the quantitative identification and fuzzy evaluation of rock bridges,which are the main controlling factors of collapse disasters,is the key to the early warning and prevention of rock collapse disasters in the future. Natural vibration frequency and other dynamics scientific indicators have obvious application advantages in rock bridge damage analysis,rapid identification of dangerous rocks and early warning of collapse. Besides that,paying attention to the separation stage and its separation failure precursors is one of the effective methods to improve the early warning time of rock collapse,and the establishment of the early warning method of rock collapse disaster based on the identification of separation failure precursors and the establishment of the trinity monitoring and early warning index system can change the current situation of passive prevention of brittle failure disasters. Meanwhile,it is necessary to simultaneously develop domestic high-precision remote sensing vibration monitoring technology and equipment. This is an inevitable choice for core technology innovation and development of early warning of collapse disasters to meet the strategic needs of China's engineering safety construction. Five major technical bottlenecks in the current early monitoring and early warning research of collapse disasters are summarized and the specific countermeasures are proposed. Finally,it is concluded that systematic research on the monitoring and early warning system of brittle failure disasters and realization of related technological breakthroughs will have strong theoretical significance and application value both in engineering safety requirements of the Belt and Road Initiatives and in the early warning and prevention of national geological disasters.

Key words: rock collapse, early warning, rock bridge, brittle failure disaster, trinity monitoring index system