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金属矿山 ›› 2021, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (01): 120-134.

• “十三五”矿业专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

金属矿山采场爆破尘毒防控技术研究进展及展望

金龙哲,郭敬中,李刚,王天暘,刘建国,欧盛南,巩琦,王嘉莹   

  1. 1. 北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院,北京100083;2. 华北科技学院安全工程学院,河北廊坊065201;3. 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司,安徽马鞍山243000;4. 华唯金属矿产资源高效循环利用国家工程研究中心有限公司,安徽马鞍山243000;5. 金属矿山安全与健康国家重点实验室,安徽马鞍山243000
  • 出版日期:2021-01-15 发布日期:2021-01-18
  • 基金资助:
    “十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2017YFC0805204);国家自然科学基金项目(编号:51874015)

Study Progress and Prospect on Prevention and Control Technology of Blasting Dust and Poison in Metal Mine Stope

JIN Longzhe,GUO Jingzhong,LI Gang,WANG Tianyang,LIU Jianguo,OU Shengnan,GONG Qi,WANG Jiaying   

  1. 1. School of Civil and Resource Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;2. Safety Engineering College,North China Institute of Science and Technology,Langfang 065201,China;3. Sinosteel Maanshan General Institute of Mining Research Co.,Ltd.,Maanshan 243000,China;4. Huawei National Engineering Research Center of High Efficient Cyclic Utilization of Metallic Mineral Resources Co.,Ltd.,Maanshan 243000,China;5. State Key Laboratory of Safety and Health for Metal Mines,Maanshan 243000,China
  • Online:2021-01-15 Published:2021-01-18

摘要: 金属矿山爆破尘毒防控是加强企业环保意识与构建绿色矿山的重要途径,是实现矿业高质量发展的 必然要求。为了系统研究金属矿山采场爆破尘毒污染问题与防控措施,从粉尘理化特性、水炮泥降尘、在线监测系 统、云雾除尘等方面进行了综合评述。认为现阶段该领域研究存在的不足为:金属矿山尘毒基础研究投入不足,受 重视程度不够;尘毒防控机理不完善;尘毒防控技术手段贫乏;尘毒危害分级监管、接触限值、检测方法等标准落后; 矿尘监测设备精度不高;尘毒防控新技术、新装备推广应用力度不足。据此指出加强水炮泥降尘、云雾除尘、尘毒在 线监测等技术研究,是现阶段缓解金属矿山爆破尘毒污染的有效措施。同时指出,今后研究的重点方向有:①开展 典型金属矿尘理化特性与其润湿性之间的关系研究,为物理化学方法降解尘毒提供基础数据及技术支撑;②多组 份水炮泥降尘消毒机理及配方优化研究,从源头上减少尘毒产生量;③巷道云雾除尘机理与参数优化研究,净化污 染风流中的尘毒,减少排向地面的空气污染物;④研制高精度、多点连续测量、耐污染、使用寿命长的粉尘浓度检测 技术和在线浓度监测装备,研发适用于工矿潮湿、冲击等复杂环境的高精度粉尘监控体系,实现粉尘监控自动化、 智能化;⑤开展标准顶层设计与发展规划,完善粉尘监管强制性标准体系,加快标准的整合精减和“立、改、废”工 作,提高标准的针对性和适用性;⑥注重一线作业人员实操技术培养,加强新技术、新装备在一线的适用性研究,加 大新技术、新装备的推广应用,改善金属矿山的作业环境。

关键词: 金属矿山, 爆破尘毒, 在线监测, 多组份水炮泥, 巷道云雾除尘

Abstract: The prevention and control of blasting dust and poison in metal mines is an important approach to strengthen enterprises' awareness of environmental protection and to build green mines,and a inevitable demand to achieve high quality development of mine.In order to systematically study the problems and solutions of blasting dust and poison in metal mines,a comprehensive review of physical and chemical characteristics of dust,dust removal technology of water-stemming,online monitoring,and dust removal with cloudy were carried out.It is show that there are many disadvantages of dust and poison prevention and control in metal mines,such as deficiency of fundamental study and attention,imperfection of the mechanism of dust and poison prevention and control,few of prevention and control techniques,backward on grading supervision,exposure limits,testing methods and other standards,low precision of monitoring equipment of dust,the insufficient of promotion and application of new technologies and equipment for the prevention and control of dust and poison.It was reported that strengthen investigation of dust removal technology of water-stemming and cloud and online monitor of blasting dust and poison, which is an effective measure for prevention and control of blasting dust and poison at this stage.At the same time,the key study directions in the future were proposed: ① The relationship between physicochemical characteristics and wettability of typical metallic mineral dust should be studied to provide basic data and technical support for the physical and chemical elimination of blasting dust and poison;② Through the study on disinfection mechanism and formulation optimization of multicomponent water-stemming,blasting dust and poison could be reduced from the source;③ Utilize the reduction mechanism and formula optimization of roadway cloud removal technology to purify the dust and poison in the polluted air flow and reduce the air pollutants discharged to the ground;④ Online dust monitoring technology and equipment that has the advantages of high-precision,multi-point continuous measurement,resistant to pollution,and long service life,and high-precision dust monitoring system which can resist moisture,impact and other complex environments of mine should be studied and developed, so as to realize automatic and intelligent of dust monitoring;⑤ Carry out top-level design and development plans for standards,improve the system of compulsory dust monitoring standards,speed up the integration and reduction of standards as well as the work of "establishing,revising and abolishing" of standards,so as to improve their pertinence and applicability; ⑥Pay attention to the training of workers on practical operational ability from front-line,strengthen the study on the applicability of new technologies and equipment in the site,increase the popularization and application of new technologies and equipment,so as to improve the working environment of metal mines.

Key words: metal mine, blasting dust and poison, online monitoring, multi-component water stemming, roadway cloudy removal