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金属矿山 ›› 2021, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (01): 168-184.

• “十三五”矿业专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

石矿迹地生态修复技术研究现状与发展趋势

李富平,贾淯斐,夏冬,王浩程,刘鑫   

  1. 1. 华北理工大学矿业工程学院,河北唐山063210;2. 河北省矿业开发与安全技术重点实验室,河北唐山063210;3. 河北省矿区生态修复产业技术研究院,河北唐山063210;4. 河北金元矿业有限公司,河北邯郸056003
  • 出版日期:2021-01-15 发布日期:2021-01-18
  • 基金资助:
    河北省重点基础研究计划项目(编号:19224204D);河北省自然科学基金项目(编号:E2018209281)

Study Status and Development Trends of Ecological Restoration Techniques in Abandoned Quarry

LI Fuping,JIA Yufei,XIA Dong,WANG Haocheng,LIU Xin   

  1. 1. College of Mining Engineering,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063210,China;2. Hebei Province Mining Industry Development with Safe Technology Priority Laboratory,Tangshan 063210,China;3. Hebei Industrial Technology Institute of Mine Ecological Remediation,Tangshan 063210,China;4. Hebei Jinyuan Mining Co.,Ltd.,Handan 056003,China
  • Online:2021-01-15 Published:2021-01-18

摘要: 石材作为一种重要的建筑和化工材料,其市场需求量十分巨大,但开采后形成的石矿迹地对矿区及 其周边生态环境造成了严重破坏。因此,开展石矿迹地生态修复技术的研究工作,是建设绿色矿山的有效手段之 一。在收集国内外采矿迹地生态修复相关技术成果的基础上,对石矿迹地岩质边坡坡面、作业平台、坑底、矿区道 路、工业广场、排土场和开采境界周围受开采扰动区域的生态修复技术进行了归纳总结,重点分析了岩质边坡、排 土场主要生态修复技术的优点与不足。认为未来需在低成本植生基材的研制与开发,植生基材—根系生长协同耦 合调控机制,边坡表层裂隙化岩体—植物根系—植生基材整体稳定机理,排土场地裂缝监测、控制技术与植被配置 模式,融合5G 技术的矿区节水适时灌溉养护技术等方面加强研究。为克服传统监测技术难以实现多通道、全区域 覆盖的缺点,需将5G 技术、GIS、RS 有效结合,在人工智能技术支持下,对矿区立地条件、土壤墒情、适时灌溉养护 系统工作状态、植物生长状况等多方面进行实时动态监测,并在此基础上进行修复效果评价,以实现生态修复一体 化动态监测与评价指标体系建设。

关键词: 生态修复, 石矿迹地, 岩质边坡, 排土场, 动态监测, 研究现状, 发展趋势

Abstract: Limestone,as an indispensable raw material in construction and chemical industries,has a tremendous market demand,however,abandoned quarry causes serious damage to the mining district and its surrounding ecological environment. Hence,it is an effective way to build green mines that carrying out the research work of ecological restoration technology of abandoned quarries.On the basis of collecting relative information at home and abroad,the ecological restoration technologies of rock slope,working platform,pit bottom,mine road,industrial square,dump,and the surrounding area of mining boundary were summarized,and the advantages and disadvantages of the main ecological restoration techniques of rock slope and dump were analyed emphatically. In the future,the following studying contents should be strengthened: development of low-cost plant growing medium,mechanism of synergetic coupling regulation of plant growing medium-root growth, overall stability mechanism of fissured rock mass-root-plant growing medium on slope surface,crack monitoring and control and vegetation allocation mode in the dump,water-conserving and timely irrigation and maintenance technology in mining area based on 5G technology,etc..To overcome the shortcomings of traditional monitoring technology,which is difficult to achieve multi-channel and whole area coverage,5G technology,GIS and RS should be effectively combined.With the support of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,real-time dynamic monitoring should be carried out on the site conditions,soil moisture,timely irrigation and maintenance system working status,plant growth status and other aspects of the mining area, then,based on this,the restoration effect may be evaluated to achieve ecology construction of dynamic monitoring and evaluation index system of restoration integration.

Key words: ecological restoration, abandoned quarry, rocky slope, dumping ground, dynamic monitoring, study status, development trends