我国闪锌矿中Ge 资源富集与提取研究进展

金属矿山 ›› 2024, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2): 69-.

我国闪锌矿中Ge 资源富集与提取研究进展

张胜东¹　杨　波²　谢维友¹　童　雄³　谢　贤³

1. 云南师范大学化学化工学院,云南昆明 650500;2. 昆明学院化学化工学院,云南昆明 650214; 3. 昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院,云南昆明 650093

出版日期:2024-02-15 发布日期:2024-04-03
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(编号:52174252);云南省基础研究专项青年项目(编号:202301AU070151);云南省基础研究专项面上项目(编号:202101AT070141);云南师范大学博士科研启动项目(编号:2021ZB029)

Research Progress on Enrichment and Extraction of Germanium Resources from Sphalerite in China

ZHANG Shengdong¹YANG Bo²　XIE Weiyou¹TONG Xiong³　XIE Xian³

1. Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500,China; 2. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Kunming University,Kunming 650214,China; 3. Faculty of Land Resource Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China

Online:2024-02-15 Published:2024-04-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Ge 是一种战略性稀散金属,在现代工业中发挥着重要作用。闪锌矿作为Ge 最主要的载体矿物,是工业上提取回收Ge 的重要来源,闪锌矿提Ge 在Ge 资源开发中占据重要地位。分别从闪锌矿中Ge 的赋存状态、载Ge 闪锌矿的浮选理论工艺及药剂研究、硫化锌冶炼过程中Ge 的迁移与富集规律和从含Ge 冶炼富集物中深度富集回收Ge 的方法与工艺等方面,系统概述了近年来我国闪锌矿中Ge 资源富集与提取技术开发和工业实践的现状。闪锌矿中 Ge 主要以类质同象形式存在,Ge 取代导致闪锌矿的铜活化和黄药捕收活性降低、浮选回收难度增加。工业实践表明,通过优化载体矿物载锗闪锌矿的浮选药剂和工艺,可在一定程度上提升硫化锌精矿中Ge 回收效果。在目前常用的硫化锌冶炼工艺中,形成的含Ge 富集物主要包括真空炉渣、浸出渣、氧化锌烟尘、锗铁渣、中和渣、置换渣等。针对上述Ge 富集物,目前形成了以火法富集、浸出法、沉淀法、萃取法和离子交换法等为主的Ge 深度富集提取技术,其中浸出—沉淀/ 溶剂萃取的发展和应用最为成熟。在分析发展现状的基础上,提出需从重视选别阶段Ge 回收指标提升、改进冶炼工艺的提升Ge 在冶炼产物中富集程度和强化Ge 萃取分离技术开发及工业化应用3 个方面进一步提高我国闪锌矿中Ge 资源富集提取技术水平。

关键词: 锗资源　富集与提取　载锗闪锌矿　赋存状态

Abstract: Germanium is a kind of strategic rare metal,which plays an important role in modern industry. As the main carrier mineral of germanium,sphalerite is an important source of germanium extraction and recovery in industry. The extraction of germanium from sphalerite plays an important role in germanium resource development. In this paper,the enrichment and extraction technology of germanium resources in sphalerite is summarized and the research and industrial practice of which in recent years are systematically introduced from several aspects:occurrence state of germanium in sphalerite,flotation theory, process and reagent research of germanium-bearing sphalerite,migration and enrichment rule of germanium in zinc sulfide smelting,method and process of recovering germanium from smelting germanium enrichment. The germanium in sphalerite mainly exists in the form of endoplasmic isomorphism,which leads to the decrease of activity of copper activation and xanthate collection,and the difficulty of flotation. The industrial practice shows that the recovery of germanium in zinc sulfide concentrate can be improved to some extent by optimizing the flotation reagents and processes of the carrier mineral "sphalerite". In the common smelting process of zinc sulfide,the main germanium-containing concentrates formed are vacuum slag,leaching slag,zinc oxide dust,germanium iron slag,neutralization slag,replacement slag,etc. For the above germanium-containing enrichment, the germanium deep enrichment extraction technology based on fire enrichment,leaching,precipitation,extraction and ion exchange has been formed,among which leaching-precipitation/ solvent extraction is the most mature in development and application. Based on the analysis of the development status,it is suggested that the enrichment and extraction technology of germanium resources in sphalerite should be further developed from three aspects:improving the recovery index of germanium at the sorting stage,improving the smelting process to enhance the enrichment degree of germanium in smelting products,and strengthening the development and industrial application of germanium extraction technology.

Key words: germanium resource,enrichment and extraction,germanium-bearing sphalerite,occurrence state

张胜东, 杨　波, 谢维友, 童　雄, 谢　贤. 我国闪锌矿中Ge 资源富集与提取研究进展[J]. 金属矿山, 2024, 53(2): 69-.

ZHANG Shengdong, YANG Bo, XIE Weiyou, TONG Xiong, XIE Xian. Research Progress on Enrichment and Extraction of Germanium Resources from Sphalerite in China[J]. Metal Mine, 2024, 53(2): 69-.

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