从碱法固废到二次资源
———赤泥组构特性与功能化利用研究进展

金属矿山 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (12): 286-294.

从碱法固废到二次资源 ———赤泥组构特性与功能化利用研究进展

吴平川^1,2　庞吉辰^1,3　杨炳飞^3,4　郑艳金^3,4

1.河北工程大学土木工程学院,河北邯郸 056038;2.河北省装配式结构技术创新中心,河北邯郸 056000; 3.河北地质大学宝石与材料学院,河北石家庄 050030;4.硅酸盐固废资源化利用河北省工程研究中心,河北石家庄 050030

出版日期:2025-12-15 发布日期:2025-12-31
通讯作者: 杨炳飞(1979—),男,教授,博士,硕士研究生导师。
作者简介:吴平川(1979—),男,教授,博士,硕士研究生导师。
基金资助:
河北省自然科学基金项目(编号:E2020402079);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(编号:216Z4101G)。

From Alkaline Residue to Secondary Resource:Advances in Composition,Properties, and Functional Utilization of Red Mud

WU Pingchuan^1,2　PANG Jichen^1,3　YANG Bingfei^3,4　ZHENG Yanjin^3,4

1.School of Civil Engineering,Hebei University of Engineering,Handan 056038,China; 2.Hebei Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Prefabricated Structures,Handan 056000,China; 3.College of Gems and Materials,Hebei University of Geosciences,Shijiazhuang 050030,China; 4.Hebei Engineering Research Center for Silicate Solid Waste Resource Utilization,Shijiazhuang 050030,China

Online:2025-12-15 Published:2025-12-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 赤泥是氧化铝工业产出的强碱性大宗固体废弃物,其堆存引发的环境与空间压力日益严峻。为推动赤泥资源化进程,本文系统分析了国内赤泥的化学组分(富含Si、Al、Fe、Ti、Na、Ca及稀散元素)与矿物结构(以赤铁矿、针铁矿等无定形相为主)特征,并据此综述了其在有价元素回收与功能材料制备两大方向的资源化技术进展。结果表明:在元素回收方面,采用还原焙烧—磁选及酸浸法等技术,铁、铝的回收率实验室条件下可达90%以上;在材料化利用方面,赤泥可作为水泥原料、混凝土掺合料及胶凝材料等,部分赤泥基道路材料已进入试验应用阶段,且赤泥基吸附剂对铀、CO2 等均展现出良好吸附性能(如吸附容量分别可达59.45 mg/g与13.25 mg/g)。然而,我国赤泥当前综合利用率仅约12%,多数技术仍面临成本与工艺瓶颈。结论认为,未来需遵循“分级分类”原则,短期推广技术成熟的建材化利用以快速消纳存量,长期则需攻克有价元素高效提取的经济技术难题,最终实现赤泥的规模化、高值化与无害化利用。

关键词: 赤泥　资源化利用　有价元素回收　建筑材料　吸附剂

Abstract: Red mud is a strongly alkaline bulk solid waste generated by the alumina industry,and its stockpiling poses increasingly severe environmental and spatial pressures.To advance the resource utilization of red mud,this paper systematical ly analyzes its characteristics in China,including chemical composition (rich in Si,Al,Fe,Ti,Na,Ca,and trace elements) and mineral structure (dominated by amorphous phases such as hematite and goethite).Based on this,the technological progress in its resource utilization is reviewed,focusing on two main directions:valuable element recovery and functional material prepara tion.The results indicate that:in terms of element recovery,technologies like reduction roasting-magnetic separation and acid leaching can achieve recovery rates exceeding 90% for iron and aluminum under laboratory conditions. In terms of material preparation,red mud can be used in cement production,as a concrete admixture,and in cementitious materials,with some red mud-based road materials having entered the trial application stage.Furthermore,red mud-based adsorbents exhibit excellent adsorption performance for uranium,CO2 ,etc.(e.g.,adsorption capacities can reach 59.45 mg/g and 13.25 mg/g,respective ly).However,the current comprehensive utilization rate of red mud in China is only about 12%,with most technologies still fa cing cost and process bottlenecks.It is concluded that future efforts should follow the principle of "categorization and classifica tion." In the short term,technologically mature construction material applications should be promoted for rapid bulk consump tion.In the long term,the economic and technical challenges of efficient valuable element extraction must be overcome to ultimately achieve the large-scale,high-value,and harmless utilization of red mud.

Key words: red mud,resource utilization,valuable element recovery,construction materials,adsorbent

中图分类号:

X758

吴平川, 　庞吉辰, 　杨炳飞, 　郑艳金, . 从碱法固废到二次资源 ———赤泥组构特性与功能化利用研究进展[J]. 金属矿山, 2025, 54(12): 286-294.

WU Pingchuan, 　PANG Jichen, 　YANG Bingfei, 　ZHENG Yanjin, . From Alkaline Residue to Secondary Resource:Advances in Composition,Properties, and Functional Utilization of Red Mud[J]. Metal Mine, 2025, 54(12): 286-294.

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