超大断面硐室破碎围岩分阶段支护与稳定性控制技术

金属矿山 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (12): 59-69.

超大断面硐室破碎围岩分阶段支护与稳定性控制技术

申逸凌1　黄明清1　路丰豪1　苏永定2　陈继伦2

1.福州大学紫金地质与矿业学院,福建福州 350108;2.Serbia Zijin Mining D.o.o.Bor,Bor 19210,Serbia

出版日期:2025-12-15 发布日期:2025-12-30
通讯作者: 黄明清(1986—),男,教授,博士,硕士研究生导师。
作者简介:申逸凌(2000—),男,硕士研究生。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2022YFC2903900);福建省自然科学基金(编号:2024J01365)。

Staged Support and Stability Control of Super Large Section Chamber in Broken Surrounding Rock

SHEN Yiling¹　HUANG Minqing¹　LU Fenghao¹　SU Yongding²　CHEN Jilun²

1.Zijin School of Geology and Mining,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350108,China;2.Serbia Zijin Mining D.o.o.Bor,Bor 19210,Serbia

Online:2025-12-15 Published:2025-12-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为解决破碎围岩以及高水平应力带来的超大断面硐室稳定性控制难题,以塞尔维亚某铜矿断面尺寸达 145.83 m2的破碎硐室为研究对象,从支护与围岩变形特性耦合以及弹塑性理论的角度出发,提出一种以“渐近应力释放—柔性让压—整体承压”为原则的围岩稳定性控制技术。通过FLAC3D数值模拟比较不同开挖支护方案,确定采用中部导硐分层正台阶施工法及“锚网喷+锚索+一次钢混”联合支护为硐室的开挖与支护方案。结果表明:通过小断面导硐形成应力释放补偿空间,硐室顶部塑性区内最大主应力比上分层一次成形降低7.18 MPa;预应力锚杆与锚索协同作用形成浅部组合拱悬吊效应,抑制破碎区扩展;喷射混凝土与钢混结构分阶段施工实现柔性让压向刚性承载的平稳过渡。联合支护后硐室顶板表面最大竖向位移减少88.17%,侧帮表面最大横向位移减少88.41%,塑性区体积减少39.17%,硐室表面不再形成贯通的塑性区。现场应用证实该围岩稳定性控制技术可保证破碎硐室的长期稳定性,为类似超大断面硐室的开挖与支护提供了参考。

关键词: 破碎围岩　超大断面硐室　分阶段控制　联合支护

Abstract: In order to solve the problem of stability control of super large section chamber caused by broken surrounding rock and high level stress,a broken chamber with a section size of 145.83 m2 in a copper mine in Serbia is taken as the re search object.From the perspective of coupling of support and deformation characteristics of surrounding rock and elastic-plas tic theory,a stability control technology of surrounding rock based on the principle of "asymptotic stress release-flexible yield overall bearing pressure" is proposed.Through FLAC3D numerical simulation,different excavation and support schemes are compared,and the excavation and support scheme of the chamber is determined by using the layered positive step construction method of the middle pilot tunnel and the combined support of "anchor net spray + anchor cable + primary steel-concrete". The results show that the stress release compensation space is formed by the small section pilot tunnel,and the maximum prin cipal stress in the plastic zone at the top of the chamber is 7.18 MPa lower than that of the upper layer.The synergistic effect of prestressed anchor bolt and anchor cable forms the suspension effect of shallow composite arch,which inhibits the expansion of fracture zone.The shotcrete and steel-concrete structure are applied in stages to achieve a smooth transition from flexible yielding to rigid bearing.After the combined support,the maximum vertical displacement of the roof surface of the chamber is reduced by 88.17%,the maximum lateral displacement of the side surface is reduced by 88.41%,the volume of the plastic zone is reduced by 39.17%,and the plastic zone of the chamber surface is no longer formed.The field application proves that the surrounding rock stability control technology can ensure the long-term stability of the crushing chamber,which provides a reference for the excavation and support of similar super-large section chambers.

Key words: broken surrounding rock,super-large section chamber,grading-control,combined support

中图分类号:

TD355

申逸凌　黄明清　路丰豪　苏永定　陈继伦. 超大断面硐室破碎围岩分阶段支护与稳定性控制技术[J]. 金属矿山, 2025, 54(12): 59-69.

SHEN Yiling　HUANG Minqing　LU Fenghao　SU Yongding　CHEN Jilun. Staged Support and Stability Control of Super Large Section Chamber in Broken Surrounding Rock[J]. Metal Mine, 2025, 54(12): 59-69.

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