关键词: 高压电脉冲　破岩　等离子通道　冲击波　电脉冲设备

Abstract: As an important branch of high-voltage electric pulse rock-breaking technology,needle-to-needle electrode
pulsed rock breaking has gained significant attention in rock mechanics and intelligent mining due to its directional controllability
and environmental benefits in deep-earth resource development and high-efficiency hard rock fragmentation. This paper
systematically reviews the classification,working principles,and technical characteristics of high-voltage electric pulse rockbreaking
technology and examines the research progress of needle-to-needle electrode pulsed rock breaking from three perspectives:
the microstructural effects of rock physical properties,the coupling mechanism of water-air environments,and the regulation
of electrical parameters. The study reveals that:① Differences in the electrical,mechanical,and thermal properties of rock
minerals and pores lead to uneven distributions of electric field strength,stress,and thermal fields during pulse discharge,causing
localized microfractures that eventually result in macroscopic rock fragmentation;② The attenuation characteristics of plasma
channel shock waves in water-air media,along with electrode geometry,determine energy transfer efficiency,with an optimal
electrode spacing and pulse rise time;③ In high-stress deep environments,rock energy storage characteristics and pulse parameters
significantly affect the threshold for fracture mode transitions. From the perspective of future development and applications,
studies on the rock-breaking mechanism of electric pulses in deep-earth environments should consider the effects of high
stress and high fluid pressure on rock-breaking efficiency. Pulsed electric equipment is expected to evolve toward high energy
density,high-frequency discharge,miniaturization,and intelligent regulation,addressing the trade-off between energy density and device size while enhancing real-time monitoring and precise control. The application of intelligent algorithms and the
breakthrough in efficient energy storage and release technologies will drive the development of special rock-breaking robots to
meet the mining and drilling requirements in special environments. Taking into account the internal characteristics and external
environmental factors such as stress of rocks,the control of circuit resistance,inductance,and plasma channel resistance is optimized
to improve the utilization rate of electrical energy and rock breaking effect.

Key words: high voltage electric pulse,rock fracture,plasma channel,shock wave,electric pulse equipment