Abstract: The grassland ecologically fragile areas have made outstanding contributions to China′s energy supply security,
but they also face the problem of ecosystem degradation caused by mining. Based on the concept of the life community of
mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes and grasslands,this paper expounds the connotation of mine ecological restoration
serving multiple goals in the new era,the multi-scale ecological problems caused by mineral resource exploitation,and proposes
countermeasures for mine ecological restoration based on the characteristics and laws of the ecosystem in grassland ecologically
fragile areas. The research shows that:① Mine ecological restoration should emphasize comprehensiveness and systematicness,
enhance the coupling of different spatial scales,and build a multi-scale,multi-level,and multi-element mine ecological restoration
governance system to promote the optimization of land use structure and function at the site scale,the recovery and improvement
of ecosystem structure and function at the ecosystem scale,and the smoothness and pattern optimization of the ecological
space network at the regional or watershed scale. It should further integrate into the system governance and restoration of
mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes,grasslands and deserts to achieve the comprehensive improvement of the benefits of
the ecological,economic and social complex system. ② The mine ecological problems in grassland ecologically fragile areas are
manifested differently at various spatial scales. At the site scale,they are manifested as direct damage to natural resources such
as vegetation destruction,river drying up and land damage caused by mining activities,as well as indirect environmental damage
such as water pollution,soil pollution and dust pollution,and secondary damage to natural resources caused by geological
disasters triggered by mining. At the ecosystem scale,they are manifested as damage to the ecosystem structure caused by the
loss of biodiversity and ecosystem degradation,and the weakening of ecosystem service functions such as water conservation,
soil and water conservation,and carbon sequestration and oxygen release. At the regional or watershed scale,they are manifested
as damage to the landscape structure and the decline in the overall quality of the ecosystem. ③ Mine ecological restoration
should be based on a precise investigation of the environmental background of the mine,and adhere to classified policies and
systematic promotion:for abandoned mines without an owner that are supported by the government,measures such as improving
the maturity of project applications,establishing a central project reserve library,establishing a project supervision ledger system,
and exploring a mechanism of building first and then compensating should be taken to optimize the management of central
fiscal transfer payment projects and improve the efficiency of fiscal fund use. For mines with an owner,measures such as improving
mining land policies,strengthening the supervision of ecological restoration in production mines,and improving technical
standards for mine ecological restoration should be taken to improve the system and supervision mechanism of " restoration
while mining". In terms of establishing incentive mechanisms and innovative models,measures such as establishing a linkage
incentive mechanism between land use management and ecological restoration,exploring a development model for improving the
carbon sequestration capacity of forests and grasslands,and exploring a development model of "ecological restoration + industry"
should be taken to optimize the territorial space pattern through ecological restoration and promote industrial structure adjustment
and sustainable development.