关键词: 高纯石英砂　, 外场强化技术　, 非接触式能量输入　, 杂质迁移机制　, 定制化制备

Abstract: As the core raw material for semiconductor-grade quartz crucibles,the occurrence form and content of impurities
in high-purity quartz sand (SiO2≥99. 99%) directly determine crucible performance and the growth quality of monocrystalline
silicon. Conventional purification processes face bottlenecks such as high thermodynamic energy barriers,low removal efficiency
of lattice-hosted inclusions,and complex process flows. External field enhancement technology,utilizing a non-contact
energy input mechanism,offers a new pathway to overcome these limitations. This paper systematically reviews the mechanisms
and application progress of multi-physical fields,including magnetic,microwave,ultrasonic,temperature,and pressure fields in
the purification of high-purity quartz sand. Magnetic separation technology achieves preliminary removal of magnetic impurities
based on differences in mineral magnetic susceptibility;High-gradient and superconducting magnetic separation significantly
enhance the capture capability for weakly magnetic particles. Microwave technology promotes the release of inclusions through
selective heating and micro-explosion effects,while ultrasonic technology enhances interfacial reactions and impurity detachment
via cavitation effects;Their combination markedly improves the utilization efficiency of chemical reagents. Temperaturepressure
fields induce polymorphic phase transitions and lattice reconstruction of quartz,enabling deep activation and selective
migration of impurity elements. Recent progress in multi-field synergistic processes,such as magnetic separation-acid leaching,
microwave-acid leaching,ultrasonic-flotation,and temperature-pressure-chemical treatment,is further summarized. It is emphasized
that the combined removal of isomorphous impurities such as lattice-bound aluminum is key to achieving high purity. Finally,
challenges in the practical application of external field enhancement technology,including high equipment costs,difficulty
in precise control of process parameters,and obstacles to large-scale production,are analyzed. Future research should focus on exploring novel external field mechanisms,achieving breakthroughs in the domestic core equipment development,and customizing
processes based on ore source characteristics,thereby advancing the development of green,efficient,and low-cost preparation
technologies for high-purity quartz sand.