铜矿尾砂制备免烧砖中重金属铜的释放和固化特性研究

金属矿山 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (8): 313-.

• 矿物材料 • 上一篇

铜矿尾砂制备免烧砖中重金属铜的释放和固化特性研究

丁　丹^1,2　张治国³　朱紫怡³　单士锋^1,2　余　敏^1,2　郑永红^3,4　朱海东³

1.安徽省地质矿产勘查局321地质队,安徽铜陵 244000;2.安徽省一般工业固废处置与资源化利用工程研究中心, 安徽铜陵 244000;3.安徽理工大学地球与环境学院,安徽淮南 232001;4.安徽省高潜水位矿区水土资源综合利用与生态保护工程实验室,安徽淮南 232001

出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-09-08
作者简介:丁　丹(1982—),女,高级工程师,硕士。
基金资助:
“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2020YFC1908601);铜陵市重点研究与开发计划项目(编号:20230203048)。

Study on Release and Immobilization Characteristics of Heavy Metal Copper in Unfired Bricks Prepared from Copper Mine Tailings

DING Dan^1,2ZHANG Zhiguo³　ZHU Ziyi³SHAN Shifeng^1,2YU Min^1,2ZHENG Yonghong^3,4ZHU Haidong³

1.No.321 Geological Team,Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration of Anhui Province,Tongling 244000,China; 2.Anhui Province Research Center for Disposal and Reutilization Engineering of General Industrial Solid Waste,Tongling 244000,China; 3.School of Earth and Environment,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232001,China; 4.Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Resources Comprehensive Utilization and Ecological Protection in High Groundwater Mining Area,Huainan 232001,China

Online:2026-08-15 Published:2026-09-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究铜矿尾砂制备免烧砖中重金属铜的释放与固化特性,以安徽省铜陵市水木冲尾砂库铜矿尾砂为原料,制备了不同强度等级(MU10、MU20、MU30)的免烧砖。采用XRD、TGA、MIP及SEM等手段分析其物化特性,通过Tessier连续提取法测定铜的赋存形态,并基于NEN 7375方法开展不同pH条件(3.2、5.6、6.6)下的连续浸出实验,研究了铜离子(Cu2+)的释放行为与长期浸出规律。结果表明:① 随免烧砖强度等级提高,胶凝材料比例增加,水化产物显著增多,孔隙率降低,微观结构趋于致密。② 铜矿尾砂中Cu全量为968.45 mg/kg,制成免烧砖后Cu的残渣态占比由约17%提升至96%,固化效果显著;但在pH 6.6酸性条件下,残渣态降至69%,有机结合态升至31%。③ 免烧砖试件20 d连续浸出实验表明,Cu2+浸出呈前期快速溶出(0~30 h)、后期缓慢趋于平衡的两阶段特征;浸出浓度随 pH降低而单调递增(pH 3.2时达最高0.027 mg/L),但远低于《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》(GB 5085.3— 2007)规定的限值(100 mg/L)。Cu2+释放机制以扩散控制和耗竭作用为主,二级动力学方程可较好拟合长期累计浸出量(R2>0.91),10年预测释放量为22.81~53.13 mg/kg。研究表明,铜矿尾砂制备免烧砖可实现Cu2+的高效固化, 在中性或弱酸性环境中应用安全性较好,强酸性工况下需采取防护措施。

关键词: 铜矿尾砂　, 免烧砖　, 重金属铜　, 固化特性　, 释放行为

Abstract: To investigate the release and immobilization characteristics of heavy metal copper in unfired bricks prepared from copper mine tailings,unfired bricks with different strength grades (MU10,MU20,MU30) were fabricated using copper mine tailings from the Shuimuchong tailings pond in Tongling,Anhui Province.The physicochemical properties were character ized by XRD,TGA,MIP and SEM.The occurrence forms of copper were determined by Tessier sequential extraction method, and continuous leaching experiments were conducted under different pH conditions (3.2,5.6,6.6) based on the NEN 7375 method to study the release behavior and long-term leaching patterns of copper ions (Cu2+).The results showed that:① With the increase of unfired brick strength grade,the proportion of cementitious materials increased,hydration products significantly increased,porosity decreased,and the microstructure became denser.② The total Cu content in copper mine tailings was 968.45 mg/kg.After solidification into unfired bricks,the residual fraction of Cu increased from approximately 17% to 96%, indicating significant immobilization efficiency.However,under acidic conditions at pH 6.6,the residual fraction decreased to 69% while the organic-bound fraction increased to 31%.③ The 20-day continuous leaching tests showed that Cu2+ leaching ex hibited a two-stage characteristic:rapid release in the early stage (0~30 h) followed by a slow approach to equilibrium.The leaching concentration increased monotonically with decreasing pH,reaching the highest value of 0.027 mg/L at pH 3.2,which was far below the limit specified in the Identification Standard for Hazardous Waste—Identification of Leaching Toxicity (GB 5085.3—2007).The release mechanism of Cu2+ was dominated by diffusion control and depletion effects,and the pseudo-sec ond-order kinetic equation could well fit the long-term cumulative leaching amount (R2>0.91),with 10-year predicted release amounts of 22.81~53.13 mg/kg.This study indicates that unfired bricks prepared from copper mine tailings can achieve effi cient immobilization of Cu2+,with good safety performance in neutral or weakly acidic environments,while protective measures are required under strongly acidic conditions.

Key words: copper mine tailings, unfired brick, heavy metal copper, immobilization characteristics, release behavior

中图分类号:

X751

丁　丹, 张治国, 朱紫怡, 单士锋, 余　敏, 郑永红, 朱海东, . 铜矿尾砂制备免烧砖中重金属铜的释放和固化特性研究[J]. 金属矿山, 2026, 55(8): 313-.

DING Dan, ZHANG Zhiguo, ZHU Ziyi, SHAN Shifeng, YU Min, ZHENG Yonghong, ZHU Haidong, . Study on Release and Immobilization Characteristics of Heavy Metal Copper in Unfired Bricks Prepared from Copper Mine Tailings[J]. Metal Mine, 2026, 55(8): 313-.

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铜矿尾砂制备免烧砖中重金属铜的释放和固化特性研究

Study on Release and Immobilization Characteristics of Heavy Metal Copper in Unfired Bricks Prepared from Copper Mine Tailings

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