挑檐式结构无底柱阶段崩落采矿法试验研究

金属矿山 ›› 2019, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (05): 21-26.

挑檐式结构无底柱阶段崩落采矿法试验研究

周宝坤¹，赵德智¹，姚宝顺¹，高聪¹，谷鑫¹，陈晓青^1,2

1. 辽宁科技大学矿业工程学院，辽宁鞍山 114051；2. 辽宁科技大学院士专家工作站，辽宁鞍山 114051

出版日期:2019-05-15 发布日期:2019-07-03
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（编号：51174110），辽宁省教育厅科学技术研究项目（编号：009702），辽宁科技大学实验室开放基金项目（编号：SYSKF2018038）。

Experimental Study on Non-pillar Stage Caving Mining Method with Overhangs Structure

Zhou Baokun¹，Zhao Dezhi¹，Yao Baoshun¹，Gao Cong¹，Gu Xin¹，Chen Xiaoqing^1,2

1. School of Mining Engineering，University of Science and Technology Liaoning，Anshan 114051，China；2. Academician Workstation，University of Science and Technology Liaoning，Anshan 114051，China

Online:2019-05-15 Published:2019-07-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 崩落采矿法在实际生产过程中矿石损失贫化较难控制，放矿过程中废石漏斗的形成与破裂是造成矿石损失贫化的主要原因。为延缓放矿过程中废石漏斗的形成和到达放矿口的时间，提出了一种挑檐式结构的无底柱阶段崩落采矿法。该方法以阶段为单位，使得每个下分段都超前其上分段一个挑檐距离，在回采巷道工作面形成挑檐结构，回采工作都在其正上方挑檐结构的遮掩下进行。为验证挑檐结构方案的放矿效果，利用多分段放矿模型进行了挑檐结构下放矿和传统结构下放矿2组物理模拟试验，认为在保持矿石回采率80%的情况下，挑檐结构的矿石贫化率可降低5.3个百分点。在弓长岭井下矿-280~+48 m段4-5号穿脉进行了挑檐结构工业性试验，分别对挑檐结构和原结构进行了9个崩矿步距回采的放矿跟班测定。结果表明：挑檐结构与原结构相比，贫化率可降低3.8个百分点，主要原因是挑檐结构可阻挡顶部覆盖岩石，使其向本分段崩落矿石后方移动，而不出现侧漏现象，提高了纯矿石放出量，矿石贫化减小。上述分析进一步表明：挑檐结构方案施工简单，适用于中等稳定以上矿体地下开采。

关键词: 地下开采, 无底柱阶段崩落采矿法, 挑檐结构, 矿石损失贫化, 废石漏斗, 物理模拟试验

Abstract: It is difficult to control the ore loss and dilution by caving mining methods in the actual operation，and the formation and rupture of mullock funnel is the main cause of ore loss and dilution in the process of ore drawing.In order to delay the formation of mullock funnel and the time of overlying rock arriving at the ore drawing point in the process of ore drawing，a non-pillar stage caving mining method with overhangs structure is carried out.Using this method，each lower sublevel is pulled ahead of its upper sublevel by an overhangs distance，and an overhangs structure is formed on the working face of mining roadway.The mining work is conducted under the cover of the overhang structure that is right above it.In order to verify the ore drawing effects of overhangs structure，the multi-sublevel ore-drawing model is used to carry out two groups of similarity simulation experiments regarding the overhang structure and traditional ore-drawing. The experimental results show that the ore dilution rate of the overhangs structure can be reduced by 5.3 % when the ore recovery rate is maintained at 80%. In Gongchangling underground mine，the overhangs structure of 4-5 perforating veins in -280~+48 m section is tested.The overhangs structure and the original structure are measured by drawing shift with nine caving steps.The study results show that compared with the original structure，ore dilution rate of the overhangs structure can be reduced by 3.8%，the main reason can be described as that the overhangs structure can break the overburden rock falling down directly，and oblige them moving to the behind of the caved orebody in this sublevel，thus，the amount of pure ore drawing out is increased，and the dilution is reduced.The above study results further indicated that the overhangs structure scheme is simple to construct，and it is suitable for underground mining of orebodies above medium-stable level.

Key words: Underground mining, Non-pillar stage caving mining method, Overhangs structure, Ore loss and dilution, Mullock funnel, Similar simulation experiment

周宝坤, 赵德智, 姚宝顺, 高聪, 谷鑫, 陈晓青. 挑檐式结构无底柱阶段崩落采矿法试验研究[J]. 金属矿山, 2019, 48(05): 21-26.

ZHOU Bao-Kun, ZHAO De-Zhi, YAO Bao-Shun, GAO Cong, GU Xin, CHEN Xiao-Qing. Experimental Study on Non-pillar Stage Caving Mining Method with Overhangs Structure[J]. Metal Mine, 2019, 48(05): 21-26.

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