新疆典型大煤矿生态环境质量时空变化特征研究

金属矿山 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (6): 273-283.

新疆典型大煤矿生态环境质量时空变化特征研究

任兵兵^1,2　蒋平安^1,2　方　勇³　李宝玉⁴ 　孙芳芳⁴ 武红旗^1,2 　史名杰^1,2　陈新雨^1,2

1. 新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830052;2. 新疆土壤与植物生态过程重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐 830052; 3. 阜康市农牧业技术推广中心,新疆阜康 831500;4. 中国冶金地质总局山东局集团测试有限公司,山东济南 250013

出版日期:2025-06-15 发布日期:2025-07-09
通讯作者: 武红旗(1974—),男,教授,硕士,硕士研究生导师。
作者简介:任兵兵(1997—),男,硕士研究生。
基金资助:
“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2023YFD1901503)。

Study on the Spatiotemporal Variation Characteristics of Ecological Environmental Quality in Typical Large Coal Mines in Xinjiang

REN Bingbing ^1,2 JIANG Ping′an ^1,2　 FANG Yong ³ 　 LI Baoyu ⁴　 SUN Fangfang ⁴　 WU Hongqi ^1,2 SHI Mingjie^1,2 　 CHEN Xinyu ^1,2

1. College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China; 2. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes,Urumqi 830052,China; 3. Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Center of Fukang City,Fukang 831500,China; 4. Shandong Bureau Testing Co. ,Ltd. of China Metallurgical Geology Bureau,Jinan 250013,China

Online:2025-06-15 Published:2025-07-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： “疆电外送”政策下新疆煤炭资源的加速开发对生态环境造成了破坏。为了更好地落实国家的环境保护措施,基于遥感生态指数(RSEI)系统分析了 2003—2023 年新疆典型煤矿———伊北煤矿与西黑山煤矿的生态环境变化。研究结果表明:① 伊北煤矿的生态环境呈现出“先退化后改善”的趋势,且改善幅度显著;西黑山煤矿表现为 “先改善后退化再改善”局面,但整体改善幅度有限。 ② RSEI 驱动力分析表明,伊北煤矿和西黑山煤矿的生态变化均受自然与人为因素的共同影响。在伊北煤矿,气温和降水等自然因素在生态初期和恢复期发挥了重要的调节作用, 而土地利用类型则是生态退化的主要人为驱动力。类似地,西黑山煤矿的生态变化也受到降水等自然因素的显著影响,特别是在生态初期和恢复阶段。与此同时,土地利用类型依然是导致生态退化的主要人为因素。 ③ 不同的气候区对矿产开发后的生态修复策略有所不同,研究结果可为半湿润区与半干旱区煤矿的生态治理和恢复策略提供参考依据。

关键词: 伊北煤矿　, 西黑山煤矿, 　遥感生态指数, 　主成分分析, 　熵权法　, 地理探测器

Abstract: Under the " Power Transmission from Xinjiang to Other Regions" policy,the accelerated development of coal resources in Xinjiang has led to ecological degradation. In order to better implement national environmental protection measures,this study employs the Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) to systematically analyze the ecological and environmental changes from 2003 to 2023 in two representative coal mines in Xinjiang:the Yibei Coal Mine and the Xiheishan Coal Mine. The results reveal the following findings:① the ecological environment of the Yibei Coal Mine exhibited a pattern of " initial degradation followed by improvement," with a significant degree of ecological restoration. In contrast,the Xiheishan Coal Mine experienced a more complex trajectory characterized by " initial improvement,subsequent degradation,and eventual recovery," although the overall improvement was relatively limited. ② RSEI driving force analysis indicated that ecological changes in both mines were jointly influenced by natural and anthropogenic factors. In the Yibei Coal Mine,natural factors such as temperature and precipitation played critical regulatory roles during both the initial degradation and recovery phases,while land use changes emerged as the dominant anthropogenic driver of ecological degradation. Similarly,in the Xiheishan Coal Mine,precipitation and other natural factors significantly influenced ecological changes,particularly during the early and recovery stages. At the same time,land use remained the primary human-induced cause of ecological deterioration. ③ The findings also suggest that different climatic zones necessitate distinct ecological restoration strategies following mineral resource exploitation. Therefore, the results of this study may serve as a valuable reference for ecological management and restoration efforts in coal mines located in semi-humid and semi-arid regions.

Key words: Yibei Coal Mine,Xiheishan Coal Mine,RSEI,principal component analysis, entropy weight method, geographic detector

中图分类号:

X502

任兵兵, 蒋平安, 方　勇, 李宝玉, 孙芳芳, 武红旗, 史名杰, 陈新雨. 新疆典型大煤矿生态环境质量时空变化特征研究[J]. 金属矿山, 2025, 54(6): 273-283.

REN Bingbing , JIANG Ping′an , FANG Yong , LI Baoyu, 　 SUN Fangfang, 　 WU Hongqi , SHI Mingjie, CHEN Xinyu . Study on the Spatiotemporal Variation Characteristics of Ecological Environmental Quality in Typical Large Coal Mines in Xinjiang [J]. Metal Mine, 2025, 54(6): 273-283.

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