顾及分组延时的扇形中深孔岩石损伤机理与
破碎效果评估

金属矿山 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (7): 114-123.

顾及分组延时的扇形中深孔岩石损伤机理与破碎效果评估

张启隆^1,2 　徐振洋^1,2 　王雪松^1,2 　张祚富^1,2 　刘奥博^1,2

1. 辽宁科技大学矿业工程学院,辽宁鞍山 114000;2. 辽宁省金属矿产资源绿色开采工程研究中心,辽宁鞍山 114000

出版日期:2025-07-15 发布日期:2025-08-12
通讯作者: 徐振洋(1982—),男,教授,博士,硕士研究生导师
作者简介:张启隆(2000—),男,硕士研究生
基金资助:
辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”项目(编号:XLYC2203173);矿山智能爆破与创新技术平台建设项目(编号:LJ232410146045)。

Evaluation of Damage Mechanism and Crushing Effect of Fan-shaped Medium-deep Hole Rock Based on Grouping Delay

ZHANG Qilong^1,2 　 XU Zhenyang ^1,2 　 WANG Xuesong^1,2 　 ZHANG Zuofu ^1,2 　 LIU Aaobo ^1,2

1. School of Mining Engineering,University of Science and Technology Liaoning,Anshan 114000,China; 2. Liaoning Province Green Mining Engineering Research Center for Metal Mineral Resources,Anshan 114000,China

Online:2025-07-15 Published:2025-08-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对地下矿山扇形中深孔爆破大块率高、施工作业效率低的问题,通过研究组间延时时间对岩石破碎效果的影响机制,提出降低大块率的爆破优化方法。建立了基于岩石损伤效应的破碎效果评价标准,优化了扇形孔分组爆破技术;通过数值模拟分析了不同组间延时时间下的岩石损伤演化规律、应力波传播特性及有效应力变化趋势;提出了基于岩石破碎度阈值的残余体积评价指标、定量关联体积残余率与大块率参数,确定 3 ms 为最优组间延时时间。现场试验表明:在孔径 90 mm、炸药单耗 0. 46 kg / m 3 条件下,采用 3 ms 组间延时爆破,使大块率从 9. 3%降至 6. 2%,破碎效果显著优于无延时爆破设计。分组延时爆破技术通过调控应力波叠加效应增强岩石损伤,验证了残余体积评价指标的科学性,为地下矿山扇形孔爆破大块率控制提供了有效方法。

关键词: 地下矿山　扇形孔　爆炸载荷　数值模拟

Abstract: Aiming at the issues of a high large-block rate and low construction operation efficiency in deep-hole blasting within underground mining sectors,this study investigates the influence mechanism of inter-group delay time on rock fragmentation effects. A blasting optimization method to reduce the large-block rate is proposed. An evaluation standard for rock fragmentation based on the damage effect is established, and the fan-shaped hole group blasting technology is further optimized. Through numerical simulation,the evolution law of rock damage,the propagation characteristics of stress waves,and the variation trend of effective stress under different inter-group delay times are analyzed. A residual volume evaluation index based on the rock fragmentation threshold is introduced. The parameters of volume residual rate and large-block rate are quantitatively correlated,and 3 ms is determined as the optimal inter-group delay time. Field tests demonstrate that,under conditions of a hole diameter of 90 mm and a single explosive consumption of 0. 46 kg / m 3 ,the application of 3 ms inter-group delayed blasting reduces the large-block rate from 9. 3% to 6. 2%,achieving significantly better fragmentation performance compared to designs without delayed blasting. The group-delayed blasting technology enhances rock damage by regulating the superimposed effect of stress waves,verifies the scientific validity of the residual volume evaluation index,and provides an effective method for controlling the large-block rate in fan-shaped hole blasting within underground mines.

Key words: underground mine,fan-shaped hole,explosive load,numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TD235

张启隆, 　徐振洋, 　王雪松, 　张祚富, 　刘奥博, . 顾及分组延时的扇形中深孔岩石损伤机理与破碎效果评估 [J]. 金属矿山, 2025, 54(7): 114-123.

ZHANG Qilong , 　 XU Zhenyang , 　 WANG Xuesong , 　 ZHANG Zuofu , 　 LIU Aaobo , . Evaluation of Damage Mechanism and Crushing Effect of Fan-shaped Medium-deep Hole Rock Based on Grouping Delay [J]. Metal Mine, 2025, 54(7): 114-123.

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