融合三维激光点云与 BIM 的复杂山区地形建模方法

金属矿山 ›› 2025, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (8): 253-259.

融合三维激光点云与 BIM 的复杂山区地形建模方法

甄　博¹ 　樊旭宏² 　葛文慧³

1. 山西职业技术学院建筑工程系,山西太原 030000;2. 西安建筑科技大学建筑学院,陕西西安 710055; 3. 湖北工业大学土木建筑与环境学院,湖北武汉 430068

出版日期:2025-09-15 发布日期:2025-09-16
通讯作者: 樊旭宏(1982—),男,副教授,硕士。
作者简介:甄　博(1983—),女,讲师,硕士。
基金资助:
山西省教育科学规划领导小组办公室一般规划课题(编号:GH-240907)。

Complex Mountainous Terrain Modeling Method by Integrating 3D Laser Point Clouds and BIM

ZHEN Bo ¹ 　 FAN Xuhong ² 　 GE Wenhui ³

1. Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering,Shanxi Polytechnic College,Taiyuan 030000,China; 2. College of Architecture,Xi′an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi′an 710055,China; 3. College of Civil Engineering,Architecture and Environment,Hubei University of Technology,Wuhan 430068,China

Online:2025-09-15 Published:2025-09-16

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 复杂的地形特征和多变的环境条件使得传统地形测绘方法在精度和效率上面临诸多挑战。提出了一种融合三维激光点云与 BIM 的复杂山区地形建模方法,旨在提升地形建模精度、完整性及处理效率。首先对三维激光点云数据进行预处理,确保数据质量和处理效率。然后基于 BIM 模型的几何和语义信息,将其与点云数据进行空间对齐与信息融合,形成完整的地形与建筑物集成模型。在地形重建阶段,采用 Delaunay 三角剖分算法生成初步地形网格,并结合 BIM 模型中的建筑物边界信息进行网格优化,确保地形模型与建筑物的空间一致性和细节准确性。最后,通过拉普拉斯平滑算法对地形表面进行优化,提升模型的细节表现力。试验结果表明:所提方法在精度方面显著优于传统三维点云方法,平均误差降低了 47%,均方根误差(RMSE)降低了 44%,最大误差降低了 50%。同时,建模时间缩短了 75%,大幅提升了建模效率,并且在复杂地形和建筑物交界处表现出更高的细节准确性。

关键词: 三维激光扫描　 BIM　 Delaunay 三角剖分算法　地形建模　复杂山区

Abstract: The complex terrain features and variable environmental conditions pose numerous challenges to the accuracy and efficiency of traditional terrain mapping methods. This paper proposes a complex mountain terrain modeling method that integrates 3D laser point cloud and BIM,aiming to enhance the accuracy,completeness and processing efficiency of terrain modeling. Firstly,the 3D laser point cloud data is preprocessed to ensure data quality and processing efficiency. Then,based on the geometric and semantic information of the BIM model,it is spatially aligned and information fused with the point cloud data to form a complete terrain and building integrated model. In the terrain reconstruction stage,the Delaunay triangulation algorithm is used to generate the initial terrain mesh,and the mesh is optimized by combining the building boundary information in the BIM model to ensure the spatial consistency and detail accuracy of the terrain model and buildings. Finally,the Laplacian smoothing algorithm is used to optimize the terrain surface to enhance the detail expressiveness of the model. The experimental results show that the proposed method significantly outperforms the traditional 3D point cloud method in terms of accuracy,with the average error reduced by 47%,the root mean square error (RMSE) reduced by 44%,and the maximum error reduced by 50%. At the same time,the modeling time is shortened by 75%,greatly improving the modeling efficiency,and shows higher detail accuracy at the junction of complex terrain and buildings.

Key words: 3D laser scanning,BIM,Delaunay triangulation algorithm,terrain modeling,complex mountainous area

中图分类号:

TD176

甄　博　樊旭宏　葛文慧. 融合三维激光点云与 BIM 的复杂山区地形建模方法 [J]. 金属矿山, 2025, 55(8): 253-259.

ZHEN Bo 　 FAN Xuhong 　 GE Wenhui . Complex Mountainous Terrain Modeling Method by Integrating 3D Laser Point Clouds and BIM [J]. Metal Mine, 2025, 55(8): 253-259.

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