关键词: 浮选　, 方解石　, 抑制剂　, 界面作用　, 分子设计

Abstract: With the depletion of high-grade and easily processed ores,low-grade complex oxide ores have become an im portant source of strategic metals such as tungsten,tin,and fluorine.In typical oxide ore flotation systems,calcite,as the main calcium-bearing gangue mineral,exhibits highly similar crystal structures and surface Ca2+ active sites to scheelite,cassiterite, and fluorite,leading to severe non-selective collector adsorption and reduced separation efficiency.Therefore,the development of highly selective calcite depressants is critical for improving oxide ore utilization.This review summarizes interfacial charac teristics and separation mechanisms in oxide ore-calcite flotation systems,focusing on selectivity issues arising from surface structural similarity.Based on composition and mechanism,calcite depressants are classified into inorganic and organic types. Inorganic depressants mainly function via surface coating,ionic complexation,and in-situ precipitation,but suffer from limited selectivity and poor pulp adaptability.In contrast,organic depressants achieve selective recognition of surface Ca2+ sites through multidentate coordination and hydrogen bonding,showing higher selectivity but being constrained by cost and limited structural designability.Furthermore,this work highlights the transition from empirical screening to structure-guided rational design. Functional group type,spatial arrangement,and molecular backbone topology are identified as key factors controlling selectivity.However,challenges remain in structure-activity relationship clarification,complex multi-mineral adaptability,and quantita tive description of interfacial interactions.Finally,the study looks ahead to future research should focus on precise molecular design,selective regulation in complex systems,and development of green and efficient depressants,aiming to provide a refer ence for the transition of oxidized ore flotation reagents from empirical development toward mechanism-driven rational design.

Key words: flotation,calcite,depressant,interfacial interaction,molecular design