关键词: 炮孔堵塞　, 堵塞长度　, 堵塞材料　, 智能堵塞装备　, 研究进展

Abstract: Blasthole sealing technology plays a key role in improving the energy utilization efficiency of rock blasting and ensuring engineering construction quality.In response to the demands of national energy security,green and low-carbon devel opment,and safe and precise blasting in underground engineering,this paper systematically reviews the development trajectory of blasthole sealing theory and technology by integrating typical technological achievements in rock blasting at home and abroad over the past two decades with the accumulated experience of the research team.The research progress of blasthole sealing the ory and technology in rock blasting is reviewed from four aspects:sealing mechanism,theoretical models and design methods of sealing length,performance characterization and evaluation of sealing materials,and development of sealing construction tech nology and equipment.The results show that:① Existing research has gradually evolved from empirical sealing practice to mechanism-oriented studies based on mechanical and energy analyses;② Studies on sealing length design have been continu ously deepened,but the adaptability of most theoretical models and experimental results under complex field conditions still re quires further verification;③ Research on sealing materials has made continuous progress,but the universality of material prop erties,targeted adaptability to specific working conditions,and establishment of a unified evaluation system still need to be im proved;④ Sealing technology is developing from traditional manual tamping toward mechanized and intelligent equipment,pro viding a technical basis for the refinement and standardization of blasting processes.Meanwhile,current research still faces sev eral challenges,including insufficient understanding of sealing mechanisms and inadequate adaptability of sealing length models to complex engineering conditions,limited applicability of material properties and lack of a unified evaluation system,insuffi cient digital-intelligent capability and online monitoring capacity of sealing construction equipment,and an underdeveloped col laborative transformation mechanism integrating theoretical research,material development,process equipment,and engineering application.Looking toward the 15th Five-Year Plan period and beyond,this field should focus on sealing length models cou pling sealing mechanisms with engineering conditions,new sealing materials and systematic evaluation frameworks,digital-intel ligent equipment integrating sealing construction and quality monitoring,and collaborative industry-university-research-applica tion transformation mechanisms,thereby promoting the development of blasthole sealing technology toward safer,more refined, greener,and more intelligent practices.

Key words: borehole sealing,sealing length,sealing materials,intelligent sealing equipment,research progress