Abstract: The equations of displacement and stress for tunnel wall rock are established based on Burgers model by analyzing the stress and displacement field of deep rock tunnel.And then，the differential bolt equations for the force is established based on the load transfer mechanism，and the axial load distribution function was obtained by solving the differential equations of bolt force under the interaction between rock bolt and surrounding rock mass.The bolt axial force and the frictional resistance were calculated and analyzed.The results of analysis showed: the visco-elastic stress distribution in the surrounding rock has nothing to do with time; Surrounding rock displacement at any point in tunnel grows and tends to a certain value with the time; The bolt force agrees with the neutral point theory.At the same time，the characteristic curve between the interaction of supporting structure and the tunnel wall rock is built by analyzing the reasons for the deep rock tunnel.A new core idea of being in line with NATM is presented，which can determine the best time for the supporting structure or installation.

Key words: Rock mechanics, The fully grouted rock bolt, Frictional resistance, The neutral point