Abstract: Engineering geology and distribution of deep underground water in the Xilinhaote desert of Inner Mongolia is investigated and explored by transient electromagnetic method.Though disposing and inversing the data of sounding, the distribution of underground water will be learned，and the largest water inflow of average drilling depth is 300m by inverse calculation.Then the results of sounding provide an important introduction for choosing of borehole position.

Key words: Transient electromagnetic, Sounding, Underground water, Borehole