Abstract: The exploitation of deeply-buried resources is one of the important trends of deep exploration in China，shafts under service are the only way to enter the deep formation.Whereas，due to being constructed in strata and multi-facies geologic bodies characterized by location difference and complex service condition，shafts are facing increasing risk threatening their safety service.Therefore，risk analysis and monitoring and early-warning of shafts under service has been becoming a problem demanding prompt solution.Through the analysis of study progress and existing problems of risk analysis and monitoring and early-warning technique of shafts under service for deep mining in China，in order to achieve the ultimate aim of ensuring the safety service of shafts，based on the multi-scale and multi-source disaster synergism mechanism，shaft deformation instability theory，engineering risk evaluation and identification and monitoring and early-warning technique，and through rational reference and absorption of other underground engineering dynamic disaster prevention and control study results，the study ideal of multi-scale and multi-source monitoring and warning is proposed，besides that，key scientific problems and main study directions are summarized.Aiming at the stress source，corrosion source and physical property source that affect the safety service of shafts，for the shaft cracking，corrosion，deflection and other multi-source risk disasters，under the scale of “region-mining area-shafts-key sections”，the four key scientific problems should be further studied as followings:①the coupling relationship of regional stratum stress-energy-physical parameters and its spatiotemporal evolution under mining disturbance and multi-field coupling synergetic disaster mechanism；②intelligent judgment and early-warning theory of multi-parameter precursor information of shaft risk disaster in service；③multi-scale and multi-source precursory information collection and information cluster multi-network transmission technique system；④evaluation and identification method and early-warning model of shaft risk disaster in service.Based on further study of the above scientific problems，it is help for the formation of new evaluation model of shaft safety service status based on on-line monitoring，intelligent evaluation and identification，accurate early-warning of shaft safety risk in service，so as to provide theoretical and technical support for structural security management and intelligent service of the shafts in service in China.

Key words: Deep mining, Shaft in service, Risk evaluation and identification, Disaster synergism mechanism, Multi-scale and multi-source monitoring and warning, Multi-field coupling