Abstract: Based on the development background of " dual carbon" and the overview of nickel and cobalt resources,this paper summarizes and prospects the current research status of nickel and cobalt sulfide ore processing and smelting. The distribution and reserves of nickel and cobalt resources at home and abroad,as well as the difficulties in the mineral processing and smelting process of nickel and cobalt sulfide ore resources in China were summarized;The traditional mineral processing and smelting processes and improvements of nickel and cobalt sulfide ores in China were summarized. Research has shown that the main mineral processing methods for nickel sulfide ore include flotation,gravity separation,chemical beneficiation,and biological beneficiation;The main processing methods for cobalt sulfide ore include flotation and gravity separation. Among them,flotation has the advantages of strong applicability and fast processing efficiency,and is still the most effective and practical beneficiation process for treating nickel and cobalt sulfide ores. Mixed flotation is currently the process still used by the vast majority of nickel and cobalt sulfide ore beneficiation plants in China;The stage grinding and stage selection process is scientific and can effectively solve the problem of over crushing;The research focus of flotation reagents mainly focuses on the combination of collectors and the development of new green dispersants and depressants;The research on biological beneficiation has also made corresponding progress. Gravity separation is mainly used for pre enrichment in cobalt sulfide ore,which can improve the grade and processing capacity of the beneficiation plant. Commonly used methods include heavy medium beneficiation,spiral beneficiation,and shaker beneficiation. The metallurgical methods of nickel sulfide ore include pyrometallurgy,hydrometallurgy,and biological metallurgy;The main metallurgical methods for cobalt sulfide ore include pyrometallurgical wet metallurgy and full wet metallurgy. Among them,pyrometallurgy has the advantages of high efficiency and mature technology,which is still the main metallurgical process for nickel sulfide ore. However,it has the disadvantage of high energy consumption and high emissions,and research on relevant improvement measures has been a focus in recent years;Fire metallurgy is gradually transitioning towards low energy consumption and carbon emissions in hydrometallurgy. Roasting water leaching is a combination of fire metallurgy and hydrometallurgy,among which chlorination roasting water leaching has good application prospects. The metallurgical process of cobalt sulfide ore usually requires a roasting leaching electrolysis process. Finally,the key development directions for the research prospects of nickel cobalt sulfide ore beneficiation and smelting technology were pointed out.