Abstract: Developing highly efficient and energy-saving crushing and grinding technologies is essential for improving the utilization of metal mineral resources and achieving sustainable mining operations.This paper provides a systematic review of the structural principles,operational characteristics,and technical advantages of representative energy-efficient comminution e quipment,including high-pressure grinding rolls (HPGR),tower mills,and Isa mills,with particular emphasis on their per formance in fine and ultrafine grinding of metal ores.Results demonstrate that HPGR effectively reduces feed size through in terparticle compression;Tower mills enhance grinding efficiency and minimize overgrinding by means of stirred milling and in ternal classification;While Isa mills ensure uniform product size and eliminate metallic contamination via high-shear grinding and non-metallic liner design.Compared to conventional grinding circuits,these advanced systems significantly lower specific energy and media consumption while improving subsequent separation performance.Future efforts should prioritize key areas such as equipment scale-up,wear-resistant materials,process integration,and intelligent control to further advance comminution technology toward high efficiency and low carbon footprint.

Key words: the crushing and grinding equipment,efficient and energy-saving,high-pressure grinding roll,tower mills,Isa mills