Abstract: The molecular biological technology plays an important role in research of bio-leaching microorganisms，the paper summarizes the application of the advanced molecular biology in the identification and the genetic modified breeding of bio-leaching microorganisms，including the 16S rRNA and 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis，real-time quantitative PCR technology，restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis，fluorescence in situ hybridization，denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and temperature gradient gel electrophoresis，16S~23S rDNA intergenic transcribed sequences analysis，plasmid vector research on leaching microorganisms，research of exogenous gene leading in the leaching microorganisms.

Key words: Molecular bio-technology, Identification of bio-leaching microorganisms, Bio-leaching microorganisms genetic modified breeding