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    15 October 2014, Volume 43 Issue 10
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    Safety Mining Technology for the Large Drop Orebody at the End of Collapse Pit in Gongchangling Iron Mine
    REN Feng-Yu, SONG De-Lin, LI Hai-Ying, GONG Guo-Hui
    2014, 43(10):  1-4. 
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    The drop between underground mining face of central area and open pit of southeast area is about 700 m in Gongchangling second mining area，and in -220 m level the stope face is expanded 200 m from central area to southeast area，so about 500 m ore body which locates in the convergence site of the two mining area can`t be mined for locating in movement range.By analyzing orebody that at the end of collapse pit occurrence conditions and hazards form of rock movement，only the side wall chipping of collapse pit hazards the safety of orebody that at the end of collapse pit mining，and based on the theory of critical granular column，a measure that filling the existing collapse pit with waste rock to control chipping is proposed.And developed a scheme that to dump rock along the axial direction and along collapse pit edge direction cooperatively to ensure safety.On this basis，the orebody that at the end of collapse pit can be be mined with open-pit mining method by expand the open pit of southeast area.
    Stepped Excavation Sequence for the -680 m Section of V# Ore Body in Xincheng Gold Mine
    LIU Xi-Ge, SUN Xing, ZHU Wan-Cheng, WANG Qing-Yuan
    2014, 43(10):  5-8. 
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    The selection of rational excavation sequence may is favor for the underground metal mines to control the geo-stress，to improve excavating conditions and to raise economic benefits.The V# ore body is excavated by the upward horizontal slice stoping-filling method at Xincheng Gold Mine，and the layout of the stopes is perpendicular to the strike of the ore body.According to the “taking one every the other one” excavation sequence，the stopes are excavated by one-step mining and two-step mining.This kind of mining sequence results in the second stage of excavating supported by the filling body on both sides and their roofs are not so stable.Taking the -680 m section of V# ore body at Xincheng Gold Mine as the objective，based on the original excavating sequence of “taking one every the other one”，the “stepped excavating” scheme has been put forward.By means of FLAC3D numerical simulation，the stability of stope under these two schemes are analyzed and compared.The numerical results indicate that，whether using excavating sequence of “taking one every the other one” or the “stepped excavating”，the mining condition of ore-body at middle under support on both sides is poor.In contrast，however，the sequence of “stepped excavating” is better than the sequence of “taking one every the other one” in terms of controlling of the stope deformation and avoiding from a wide range of plastic zone.The research has an important referential significance for similar mines in the design of ore body excavation.
    Stope Structure Parameters Optimizing on Dilokong Chromium Mine in South Africa
    QIU Jing-Ping, WANG Zhen, XING Jun, SUN Xiao-Gang
    2014, 43(10):  9-12. 
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    Dilokong Chromium Mine in South Africa is a high grade deposit and it is the typical gently inclined thin bodies，the room-and-pillar stoping mining method was adopted.According to the mining conditions of gently inclined thin Chrome ore body and current mining problem of Dilokong chromium mine，in order to get the reasonable structure parameters and achieve safe & efficient mining，the paper adopted orthogonal numerical simulation experiments，which selecting four parameters including room length，room width，pillar dimension and pillar spacing，and orthogonally designed nine feasible stope structure models with four factors and three levels.Through FLAC3D simulation results comparing of stress status and surrounding rock displacement of different structure parameter schemes，the paper had studied influence of different parameters to stope stability and optimized stope structure parameter.The research result showed that room width and pillar dimension were the important influence parameters of stress concentration and displacement deformation，and the reasonable stope structure parameters were determined:the length of room is 50 m，the width of room is 26 m，the dimension of pillar is 5 m×5 m and the spacing of pillar is 2 m.The results will guide a significance to next mining of Dilokong Chromium Mine.
    Mining Method of Ore-body with Multiple Mined-out Areas
    CHANG Shuai, REN Feng-Yu, LI Nan
    2014, 43(10):  13-17. 
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    In view of some problems in exploitation of ore-body with multiple mined-out areas,such as hard recycling,weak security in mining,and high rock mixing,Xishimen iron mine is adopted as engineering basis to study the exploitation of ore-body with multiple mined-out areas.Based on analysis of inadaptability of original mining methods and flat bottom structure,and considering the stability of roof surrounding rocks and the features of skarns at footwall,a new scheme that combines inclined drift with flat bottom trench structure and treats skarns as low grade ore is proposed.Several different bottom structures layout,such as double trenchs,and single trench,etc,are formed for different dip angle and thickness,which are suitable for recovery of different orebodies.In the end,the characteristics of the flat bottom trench structure is analysed,and an appropriate supporting measure is proposed for ensuring the scheme going on smoothly.
    Research of the Law of Blasting Vibration Wave Propagation in Hejia Mining Area
    CHEN Qing-Kai, SUN Yun-Feng, LI Gui-Chen, LEI Gao, JIA Jian-Jun, QIN Zhi-Hui
    2014, 43(10):  18-21. 
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    Blasting vibration is one of the three major hazards of blasting.It can make industrial buildings and civil buildings around the blasting area damaged,resulting in serious blasting hazards.In order to explore the law of vibration wave propagation in production blasting in Hejia mining area of Gongchangling open-pit iron mine and the impact on the surrounding environment to control the negative effects of blasting vibration,the fixed point observation on the production blasting is made to monitor the area between the blasting areas and near the village,obtaining the blasting seismic wave data.The parameters of particle vibration velocity at blasting point,blasting frequency and duration time are analyzed in detail.The analysis results show that blasting seismic effect during the mining blasting is weak,so the blasting vibration has little harm to the residents' houses around Hejia mining area.The linear regression of the data is realized by using the least squares method,obtaining the particle vibration velocity empirical formula,which provides the reference for determining the maximum charge at the same interval in different blasting area,and predicting and controlling the blasting vibration intensity.
    Study on Rheological Properties of the Paste Filling Slurry based on Inclined Pipeline Experiment
    ZHANG Bing, LIU Xiao-Hui, WANG Yi-Ming
    2014, 43(10):  22-26. 
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    Paste filling techniques are increasingly being used in underground mining，and rheological properties of the paste is the basic characteristic parameters to ensure its smooth delivery and filling.Analysis of the rheological properties of traditional paste mainly relies on indoor rheometer，and there will be sizeable deviations between the test results and the actual site.Therefore，in order to obtain real rheological properties of paste filling slurry in transportation process，this paper analyzed stress state during paste pipeline flow based on hydrodynamic theory，designed incline pipeline experimental device.Studied the paste mass fraction，gray sand ratio，the amount of fine tailings added，the amount of coarse particles added four kinds of factors affect on rheological properties of a mineral paste with the help of uniform design experimental methods.A function of various factors on the slurry yield stress and plastic viscosity was obtained.The results showed that:for Bingham fluid under laminar flow conditions，use incline plumbing device can be easily and quickly measure the relevant rheological parameters；slurry mass fraction play a decisive role on rheological parameters，and the impact of gray sand ratio can be ignored，when the fine tailings content 12%，gravel content 4%，the paste has a low yield stress and plastic viscosity，good fluidity.
    Strength Model of the Upward Horizontal Slicing Backfilled Body and Its Application
    CHEN Yu-Bin, QIAO Deng-Pan, SUN Hong-Sheng, YANG Xing-Hong, LU Guang-Yuan, LI Guang-Tao
    2014, 43(10):  27-31. 
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    The upward horizontal slicing mining method is a kind of mining method widely used at home and abroad，and the main purpose of backfilled body is to provide the upward mining work platform.The strength of backfilled body should fulfill the operating conditions of efficient trackless equipment.In order to analyze the mechanism of the upward horizontal slicing backfilled body more accurately，and to establish a more appropriate strength model of the backfilled body，the backfilled body are classified into two parts to make study，namely the cemented layer and the tailing backfilled body.According to the action mechanism and the stress analysis of backfilled body under the vehicle dynamic load，a half sine pulse load is selected to represent the dynamic role of wheel load vehicle load model，by referring to subgrade and pavement design principle in subgrade pavement engineering.The corresponding strength model is worked out using elastic mechanics method，and the thickness design method of the cemented backfilled body under trackless equipment load is concluded.This model is applied in the strength design for the upward horizontal slicing backfilled body of west ore block in Dahongshan copper mine.The practice proves that this model is reasonable and reliable.
    Calculation and Optimizing Analysis of the Force of Filling Airtight-wall for Underground Mined-out Area
    HUANG Jian-Jun, QIAO Deng-Pan, SUN Hong-Sheng, YANG Xing-Hong
    2014, 43(10):  32-36. 
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    By analyzing the mechanical properties of backfilling slurry and the special features of airtight wall，it is found that the airtight wall not only supports the pressure from the filling slurry，but also filters the water in the structure.What's more，its structure is closely related to the mine filling technology，which impacts the production capacity and cost-benefit.The mechanical properties of backfilling slurry and the failure mechanism of airtight wall have become the key of airtight wall design.Then，the calculation model of airtight walls is induced.Lastly，the limit equilibrium conditions are built by combining Ken Lang theory with single-phase liquid and loose medium as carrier mediums.The changes about properties and physical state of slurry are analyzed to optimize the structure and force calculation of the wall.The study above provides a more economical and reasonable theory for design of airtight wall.
    Numerical Analysis for the Deformation Failure Process of Roof Caving
    WANG Liang, TANG Fei
    2014, 43(10):  37-41. 
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    Numerical method is used to build a three-dimensional calculation model for numerically simulating the whole excavation procedure in the stope by 11 steps.By this method，the distribution of horizontal displacement，vertical displacement and plastic zone of surrounding rock in mined-out area after excavation is obtained and then the deformation and failure of the natural roof caving in the mining area is analyzed.The excavation of the stope leads to the release of internal stresses in rock mass，and the displacement of rock mass directs to the internal part of goaf.Maximum horizontal displacement occurs at the two sides of mining area in the stope and it directs to the internal part of goaf.With the expansion of the excavation width，the vertical displacement expands from the stope roof to the inside of rock mass in the form of arc curve.During the excavation，the rock of goaf roof falls due to the shear failure，therefore，the roof caving occurs.And the rock mass in the upper central part of the goaf roof deforms downward continually with the roof caving happening，hence，a certain height of damaged rock mass occurs.When the area of excavation expands further in the stope，rocks above the stope roof will not remain stable and continue to fall down.
    Surrounding Rock Control and Supporting Technology of Roadway with Large Span and Broken Coal Seam
    JING Kang-Fei, ZHANG Zhao-Qian, TONG Feng, GU Kai, CUI Kai
    2014, 43(10):  42-45. 
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    In view of the situations of No.3045 working face in Wangzhuang coal mine,such as large span of roadway,broken coal seam,and large deformation of roadway,the characteristics of the deformation and stress of roadway surrounding rocks with large mining height and narrow coal pillar is analyzed in order to improve the control ability of roadway.Through the limit equilibrium theory,the coal pillar size is reasonably determined,and the control mechanism of roadway surrounding rock with large span and broken seam is analyzed.Then,combined with the actual situation of No.3045 working face in Wangzhuang mine,the corresponding technical solutions for surrounding rock control is given.Since the original bolting program has not adapted the requirement of surrounding rock control,the original supporting parameters are optimized with application of orthogonal method and numerical simulation.The observation on displacement of roadway surface and deep roadway indicated that:maximum displacement of the roadway surface along goaf is 230 mm,maximum displacement during mining is 1 049 mm.These variations in the practical project are within the allowable range.Engineering practice has proved that this support technology has a significant effect on surrounding rock control.The research result provides guidance for controlling surrounding rock with large-span and broken seam and selecting the supporting parameters.
    Experiment on Beneficiation of HARITA Iron Ore in Indonesia
    ZHANG Hong-Bin, ZHAO Hua, PAN Jing-Song, YANG Ren-Xin
    2014, 43(10):  46-50. 
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    Iron minerals in HARITA iron ore of Indonesia mainly exist in form of limonite and martite，with high content of slime，which belongs to refractory iron oxide ore.Beneficiation experiment is carried out based on its properties.Firstly，the slime is removed from raw ores by washing and then rough concentrate are screened into 40~6 mm blocks and -6 mm powders.Secondly，blocks are treated through dry high intensity magnetic separation，and its tailings mixing with powers are ground to be 55% -0.076 mm and separated by low intensity magnetic separation-high gradient magnetic separation.Low intensity magnetic separation is carried out on the washing slime.Block concentrate with iron grade of 59.14% and recovery of 57.92%，also powder concentrate with iron grade of 61.41% and recovery of 21.61% are received separately，with total Fe recovery of 79.53%.The results provide a basis for utilization of the HARITA iron ore，but also can be as reference for development of iron resources in the same type.
    Study of Dodecyl-amine Ethoxylate Collecting Performance on Quartz
    LIU An, FAN Min-Qiang
    2014, 43(10):  51-55. 
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    Pure quartz flotation experiments and reverse flotation of practical concentrate from magnetic separation of magnetite are conducted in order to compare the collecting ability of dodecylamine，dodecyl-propyl ether amine and dodecyl-amine ethoxylate on quartz.The adsorption heat，adsorption quantity，and the adsorption enthalpy are analyzed to compare the intensity of the three collectors to quartz surface.Pure mineral flotation results indicated that，the optimum pH for the three collectors is 6~8，and collecting ability of dodecyl-amine ethoxylate is better than the other two collectors at any pH value.Reverse flotation results of the practical sample showed that，better performance can be obtained by using dodecyl-amine ethoxylate on a lower dosage than the other two，which revealed that dodecyl-amine ethoxylate not only has higher collecting ability but also better selectivity.The adsorption heat，adsorption quantity，and the adsorption enthalpy analysis show that the adsorption of the three collectors on quartz is spontaneous，and all belongs to physical adsorption.The adsorption performance of dodecyl-amine ethoxylate on quartz is better than the other two at any pH value，which support the flotation results well.
    Beneficiation Test on a Refractory Zinc-iron Ore from Hebei
    TANG Ping-Yu, GE Min, PANG Xue-Min, XU Hong-Xin, LI Long-Fei
    2014, 43(10):  56-60. 
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    Main valuable minerals of a zinc-iron ore is zinc and ferrum，associated with Ag and Cd that can be comprehensively recovered.Due to the complex properties of the ore，main valuable minerals of sphalerite and magnetite are fine disseminated，and hardly to be liberated from its gangue，which belongs to refractory zinc-iron ore.Beneficiation experiment is carried out in order to provide basis for development and utilization of the ore.The results showed that at the grinding fineness of 85% -0.074 mm and regrinding fineness of 70% -0.038 mm，using lime as the modifier，copper sulfate as activator，and butyl xanthate as collector，zinc concentrate with zinc grade of 49.15% and recovery of 91.01% is obtained through one roughing-four cleaning-two scavenging flotation process.Ag of 162 g/t，and Cd of 0.25%，are enriched in zinc concentrate，with recovery of 58.12% and 92.58% separately.Iron concentrate with iron grade of 63.18% and recovery of 56.09% is received by dealing with tailings of flotation，through low intensity magnetic separation- two cleaning of low intensity magnetic separation at the regrinding fineness of 82% -0.043 mm for rough concentrate.
    Effects of a Combined Inhibitor on Direct Flotation of Carnallite
    LIU Hai-Gang
    2014, 43(10):  61-64. 
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    Single sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used as inhibitor in cold decomposition-direct flotation process for production of potassium chloride from high calcium low potassium carnallite ore in Qinghai Golmud Salt Lake Region，but it has problems of water insoluble not fully inhibited，poor product quality，and low KCl recovery rate.Therefore，effects of combining inhibitor of CMC and W (a cationic poly amine reagent) and only CMC are compared in the cold decomposition-direct flotation process of Golmud Salt Lake high calcium and low potassium carnallite surface mines.Experimental results showed that，rough concentrate by the flotation process of one roughing and one scavenging has quality of average KCl content of 53.41%，average water insoluble substances content of 4.98%，average KCl recovery of 93.50%，average inhibition ratio of water insoluble substance of 73.46%; While using combined inhibitor CMC+W，rough concentrate has quality of average KCl content of 57.86%，average water insoluble substances content of 2.84%，average KCl recovery of 95.53%，average inhibition ratio of water insoluble substance of 85.82%.By comparison，the inhibition ratio of water insoluble substance of the latter was increased by 12.36 percent point，content and recovery of KCl of rough concentrate was increased by 4.45 and 2.03 percent point respectively，which indicated that the combined collector have higher inhibiting ability，and better selectivity as well.
    Purification of a Low-grade Diatomite from Linjiang in Jilin by Reverse Flotation
    GAO Ying, HAN Yue-Xin, CHEN Xiao-Long, TANG Zhi-Dong
    2014, 43(10):  65-68. 
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    The low-grade diatomite of Linjiang，in Jilin Province is grade-three diatomite with high burning loss.The diatom of low-grade diatomite that mainly composed of coscinodiscus and a small amount of melosira，and gangue minerals are mainly quartz and albite.In order to improve the grade of diatomite and solve the existing problems such as long production cycle，high energy consumption and high water consumption，high consumption of acid，environmental pollution.For the first time，the reverse flotation behavior of low-grade diatomite was studied.The results indicated that under the conditions of flotation for purification pH 8，temperature of pulp of 40 ℃，sodium pyrophosphate dose as dispersion solvent，lurylamine dose as collector，and through the floatation process of one roughing and two cleaning，diatomite concentrate with the grade of SiO2 79.39%，the grade of Al2O3 4.92%，the recovery rate of SiO2 5.00% was obtained，which reaches the standard of the secondary diatomite.Not only did the results confirm that the effectiveness of the reverse flotation for low-grade diatomite purification，also this method has many advantages，such as short production cycle，low energy consumption，low consumption of acid，low water consumption，and less environmental contaminating.
    Research on Mineral Processing Technology of a Scheelite Ore from Jiangxi
    GUO Yu-Wu, WEI Dang-Sheng, YE Cong-Xin, WEI Hua-Zu
    2014, 43(10):  69-75. 
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    Main valuable minerals of a scheelite ore in Jiangxi is tungsten，which mainly exists in form of scheelite.Original on-site process is gravity，and the production index is not ideal.Systematic ore dressing research is carried out in order to improve the separation efficiency.The results indicated that，desulfuration by flotation at the grinding fineness of 65% passing 0.074 mm，using NaOH+Na2CO3 as modifier，Na2SiO3+GS as depressor，731 oxyparaffin soap+YK as collector，through flotation process of preconcentration of one roughing，one cleaning，two scavenging-thicken for tailings of preconcentration and then through one roughing，four cleaning，two scavenging-combination of tailings of first and second cleaning through clean-scavenging operation-concentrate returning to second clean-cleaning，tailing returning to first clean-scavenging，scheelite concentrate assay 66.71% WO3 and recovery of 72.91% was obtained.The on-site process is transformed according to the flotation results，and scheelite concentrate assay 62.29% WO3 and recovery of 74.21% was obtained.WO3 grade and recovery of the concentrate increased by 10.10 and 18.86 percentage points respectively compared with the previous，content of sulfur decreased from 1.53% to 0.21%.The superiority of flotation is apparent.
    Research Status and Prospective on Separation Technology of Fine Cassiterite
    LIU Jie, HAN Yue-Xin, ZHU Yi-Min, CHEN Wen-Yue
    2014, 43(10):  76-81. 
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    Gravity is the main separation method of cassiterite for its high density，at the same time，overgrinding may happen to cassiterite for the characteristics of sexual and easily fragile.Low recovery of fine cassiterite is the main problem in the separation due to its high grindability，and flotation can be used to improve the Sn recovery of fine cassiterite.Research on technology of cassiterite mineral processing was reviewed，especially the progress in the respect of flotation reagents，new technology of flotation and flotation mechanism.The main flotation reagent was such the cassiterite collector as salicylhydroxamic acid，styrene phosphoric acid，oleic acid，etc.and the gangue depressant like sodium silicate，sodium hexametaphosphate，sodium carboxymethylcellulose，calcium lignosulphonate，oxalic acid，etc.the mechanism of flotation reagent adsorbed on the surface of cassiterite was investigated，and the collectors was essentially on the cassiterite surface available for chemisorptions.In the meantime，the new fine cassiterite flotation technology as electroflotation，carrier flotation，selective flocculation flotation，shear-flocculation flotation and dissolved air floatation is introduced.Furthermore，the study on the cassiterite flotation technology to recovery fine cassiterite highly is the key way for increase the utilization of cassiterite resources，turning the resources privilege into industry privilege and satisfying the sustainable use of tin resources，the research on which has huge realistic meaning and wide application foreground.
    Site Selection and Transportation Method Optimization by Influence Factor Quantification and Weighting Methods
    MU Chuan-Wei, KANG Jian-Min
    2014, 43(10):  82-85. 
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    The popular site selection methods at current cannot be used to make quantitative analysis on the influence factors from the alternatives or partly.In order to solve this problem，a new method,influence factor quantification and weighting method is put forward，which can fully or quantitatively analyze the alternatives of all influence factors.The specific approaches are as follows:firstly，the value of influence factors is calculated out according to quantitative factors of construction investment and operating costs.Then，the probability and weighting for the natural，economic and social aspects of conditional influence factors are given，and the qualitative value of the influence factors is obtained by multiplying the probability with the weighting.Finally，the value of comprehensive influence factors is gained by sum of both of multiplying the quantitative influence factors and qualitative influence factors with their weighting separately.The method with the highest influence factors value will be optimum.The optimum method is used to optimize the site selection and transportation scheme of H iron dressing plant in Mongolia built by a Chinese company.The results indicates that among the two alternative sites and six alternative transportation schemes，value points of comprehensive influences factors corresponding to transportation scheme 1~3 for site 1 is obviously higher than that of transportation scheme 4~6 for site 2，meanwhile the value points of comprehensive influence factors of transportation scheme 3 is the highest among the six transportation alternatives.The conclusion is that site 1 matching with transportation scheme 3 is the best choice.
    Preparation of Carbon-containing Briquettes Made from Beach Placer Using Coal-slime as Reductant
    CUI Qiang, SUN Ti-Chang, YU Wen, HU Tian-Yang
    2014, 43(10):  86-90. 
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    In order to find reasonable parameters for carbon-containing briquettes made from a coastal placer，with iron grade of 51.85% and TiO2 contents of 11.33%.Using coal slime as the reductant，wet ball drop strength，dry ball compress strength as evaluating criteria，effects on dosage of coal slime，water content，granularity of raw ore，types and amount of binder are researched.Results show that using coal slime as reductant compared with originally bituminous coal，the drop strength of wet ball dropped increased from 3.7 N/P to 17.8 N/P，the comprehensive strength increased from 164 N to 214 N；briquettes with drop strength of wet ball over 16 N/P，comprehensive strength of dry ball is 492 N can obtained with conditions of coal slime dosage is 30%，water content is 7%，CMC addition of 0.3%.For the advantages of higher ash content，finer granularity，higher viscosity，coal slime provides a new method in high efficient utilization of China's beach titanomagnetite.
    Effects of Damp Milling Pretreatment Fly Ash on Properties of the Pellets
    HUANG Zhu-Cheng, WENG Xing-Yang, LI Zhi-Lin, YI Ling-Yun
    2014, 43(10):  91-94. 
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    Due to the high temperature treatment，fly ash has the characteristics of multipore，rough surface，high hydrophobic etc.and because of which the pellets has poor properties by conventional methods of pelletization.In order to improve the properties of pellets，damp milling methods is applied for the pretreatment of fly ash.The results indicated that，compared with non damp milling operations，while damp milling for 9 min，drop strength and comprehensive strength of green pellets increased from 9.2 times，20.09 N/P to 30.5 times，30.78 N/P，drop strength and comprehensive strength of dry pellets increased from 0.7 times，52.44 N/P to 2.1 times，86.42 N/P，pulverization rate decreased from 18.42% to 5.23%.After damp milling，there are more microfine particles and larger specific surface in fly ash，which decrease the mergers and acquisitions possibility of mother balls.The mother balls tend to absorb the microgranular powder and gradually grown up，making the pellets possess high quality.
    No Ammonia Leaching Study of Ionic Rare-earth Ore
    LAI Lan-Ping, 欧Yang-Hong , WU Ying, CHEN Dong-Ying
    2014, 43(10):  95-97. 
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    In order to solve the pollution of ammonia nitrogen wastewater stemmed from ionic type rare-earth ore leaching using ammonium sulfate solution as the reagents，research on ore leaching with no ammonia is carried out with an ionic type rare-earth ore，Jiangxi，as the research object.Ore leaching efficiency of potassium sulfate，sodium sulfate，magnesium sulfate，sodium thiosulfate，sodium nitrate，sodium nitrite，magnesium chloride and A1，A2，A3，A4，A5，and ammonium sulfate are compared in exploring experiment.The results show that A2 ~ A5 can have nearly the same leaching efficiency as ammonium sulfate，and the other 8 kinds of leaching reagents has lower leaching rate.Extending leaching experiments are carried out using A2~A5 and ammonium sulfate as the leaching reagent，based on the exploring tests.The results indicated that，all of A2，A3 and A5 have nearly the same leaching rate as ammonium sulfate (95.25%，95.25%，95.01% and 95.05% respectively)，while leaching period of A3 and A5 (92，127 h respectively) are longer than that of ammonium sulfate (58 h) by 58.62% and by 118.97% respectively，while the leaching period of A2 (48 h) is shorter by 17.24%.Further chemical element analysis on leaching solution from extending test of A2 and ammonium sulfate as leaching reagent is conducted，finding that concentration of REO and impurities Fe，Al，Si，Ca is almost the same.In a word，A2 can not only replace ammonium sulfate to accomplish ore leaching of ionic type rare-earth without ammonia，but also greatly shorten the leaching period.
    Magnetic Separation-Flotation United Process on Rear-earth Ore from Dalucao
    ZHANG Fa-Ming, LIN Ri-Xiao, GUAN Ze-Gao, WANG Hong-Ling, ZHENG Shao-Bing
    2014, 43(10):  98-102. 
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    New process of high gradient high intensity magnetic separation-flotation is investigated on the Dalucao rare earth ore in Dechang of Sichuan Province，in view of the low recovery (30%~40%) in the process of gravity separation by shaking table-high gradient high intensity magnetic separation.The results indicated that，with the grinding fineness of 100% passing 0.12 mm(84.67% passing 0.075 mm) by the laboratory closed circuit grinding，the discarding rate of tailing reached 82.22% by the high gradient magnetic separation process of one roughing and one scavenging.Then，with sodium carbonate as pH modifier，sodium silicate as depressor，new oximeacid chelating GYF as collector，rare earth concentrate with REO grade of 60.20% and REO recovery of 63.00% was obtained by treating the rough concentrate above through the closed circuit flotation of one roughing，two cleaning and one scavenging.Recovery of REO is increased by 20%，compared with the previous production process.
    Soil Ecological Restoration in Ionic Rare Earth Mining Area
    ZHOU Dan, LUO Cai-Gui, SU Jia, LUO Xian-Ping-1
    2014, 43(10):  103-109. 
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    Soil destruction and soil pollution stemmed from the exploitation of ionic rare earth resources is introduced.Various renovating techniques applied in abandoned mining land and polluted farmland in mining area are summarized and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed.Corresponding measures for improving and repairing ionic rare earth mining area are proposed,which provides reference for comprehensive treatment and ecological restoration of ionic rare earth mining area.
    Analysis on Deep Ore Composition of Dongshengmiao Mining Area,Inner Mongolia
    LI Ying-Kui, CAO Jian-Jin, WU Zheng-Quan, DAI Dong-Le, LIN Zu-Xu
    2014, 43(10):  110-113. 
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    In order to have greater understanding on geological features of Dongshengmiao ore deposit,and perfect the geological background data of mining area,the deep ore samples of polymetallic deposit are collected and its ore components are analyzed by adopting the electron probe microanalysis (EPMA).The experimental results showe that,the deep ore body of Donghengmiao mining area mainly occurs in the form of sulfide,which are composed of pyrite,galena,sphalerite,pyrrhotite and a small amount of chalcopyrite.The sphalerite mainly has an intergrowth relationship with pyrite,and less chalcopyrite is mainly found around the pyrite.In addition,trace amounts of gold and silver particles are also distributed in the gap of pyrite and pyrrhotite.Except for the sulfide minerals mentioned above,some silicate minerals such as potash feldspar,barium silicon diaspore and biotite,some carbonate minerals that contain Ca,Mg and Fe and some iron and nanaganese oxides are also detected.It can be confirmed that the deep primary ore in Dongshengmiao mining area is mainly composed of sulfide minerals,and the symbiotic relationship between different minerals may show some difference,which have great significance in seeking for certain types of ore body.
    Latest Prospecting Achievements and Its Significance of the Southern Ore Block of Nongruri Gold Deposit,Tibet
    YOU Qin, HUANG Yong, QIN Jian-Hua, MA Dong-Fang, YAN Guo-Qiang
    2014, 43(10):  114-116. 
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    Based on the drilling hole data with supplementary detailing survey,the latest prospecting achievements of the Nongruri gold deposit are summarized.According to the latest prospecting achievements,the next prospecting directions of the southern block should focus on the intersections of the approximate NS-trending fracture,the andalusite hornfels in bulinzong formation and the miocene monzonite granite-porphyry.It is highly impossible for the stable ore body existing along the inclination direction,which should be considered as the next key ore prospecting.In addition，more drilling holes should be arranged so as to control the occurrence of the ore body and calculate the reserves of the ore deposit more accurately.
    Restriction of Mineralization of Porphyry Isotopes to Magma Source Area in Bolong Copper Mine Area
    ZHOU Yu, DUO Ji, WEN Chun-Qi, FEI Guang-Chun, HE Yang-Yang
    2014, 43(10):  117-121. 
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    In order to identify the magma source of the Bolong metallogenic granodiorite porphyry,the Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes of the metallogenic granodiorite porphyry are tested systematically.The test results show that,the values of δ87Rb/δ86Sr and δ87Sr/δ86Sr are from 1.265 to 10.151 2 and from 0.711 041 to 0.725 101，and the value of (87Sr/86Sr)i is from 0.707 59 to 0.709 83.The value of (143Nd/144Nd)i and εNd(t) are from 0.512 09 to 0.512 30 and from -7.714 774 to -3.572 778 respectively.And the ranges of δ206Pb/δ204Pb,δ207Pb/δ204Pb and δ208Pb/δ204Pb are from 17.068 to 17.820,from 15.485 to 15.556,and from 36.861 to 37.804 correspondingly.The characteristics of Sr-Nd-Pb isotope shows that,the magma source of the Bolong copper mine area owns the property of EMⅠ and EMⅡ type enriched mantle and it may have originated from the mantle fluid metasomatism wedge area formed by the oceanic curst subduction dehydration,and been contaminated by the lower crust mass in the process of invasion.The Bolong porphyry copper deposit is formed in the magmatism process induced with the northward subduction of the Bangong Lake Neo-Tethyan Ocean.
    REE Characteristic of Structure Alteration Rocks in Tableland Lithofacies Area,Southwestern Guizhou Province
    ZHENG Lu-Lin, WANG Lan-Xiang, WANG Gan-Lu
    2014, 43(10):  122-125. 
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    The REE characteristics of structure alteration rocks of Nibao gold deposit,Getang gold deposit and Shuiyindong gold deposit in tableland lithofacies area are investigated.The result shows that,the degree of ∑REE enrichment of structure alteration rocks from high to low are Nibao gold deposit,Getang gold deposit,and Shuiyindong gold deposit.The rocks containing sticky soil and lime coagulation has a higher ∑REE,but silicalite,silicified limestone and limestone have a lower ∑REE.The degree of LREE & HREE fractionating in Shuiyindong gold deposit is highest,and LREE & HREE fractionating of structure alteration rocks is higher than wall rocks in Nibao gold deposit,besides that,the phenomenon in Getang gold deposit and Shuiyindong gold deposit is opposite.The REE partition curve indicates that,the ore-forming fluid of structure alteration rocks may be multi-sourced,but mainly related to Emeishan basalt.
    Re-Os Dating of Chalcopyrite of Nuri Cu-Mo-W Deposit and Its Significance
    WANG Xin-Xin, ZHENG Rong-Cai, YAN Guo-Qiang, HUANG Yong
    2014, 43(10):  126-129. 
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    Based on the field survey and rock core observation on Nuri Cu-Mo-W deposit in Shannan,Tibet,the minerogenetic stages are divided.After that,quartz from quartz diorite and metamorphic siltstone and Chalcopyrite from chalcopyrite veins that are on behalf of the early metallogenic events are separated separately.These two chalcopyrite samples are dated by Re-Os isotopic analysis,obtaining that the mode ages of two samples are 24.94±0.35 Ma and 23.53±0.37 Ma with average value of 24.24±0.36 Ma.The result shows that,the metallogenic age of the deposit is 24.24±0.36 Ma at least,representing the mineralization in late stage of Crustal stretch in indo-Asian collisional process.This age is earlier than that of molybednite（23.62±0.97 Ma）.The first discovery of Chalcopyrite's age enriches the metallogenic ages of the deposit.Besides that,the new mineralized combination is proposed.It has important significance in searching for the new metallogenic events in Zedang ore fields.
    Technology of Three-dimensional Reconstruction of Opencast Slope based on Distant Scenes Image
    WU Qing-Shen, YI Ying
    2014, 43(10):  130-132. 
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    Due to the influence by the mining process and the natural conditions，the geometric shape of open-pit slope is complex and it is difficult to describe completely by the traditional measurement method.The technology of three-dimensional automatic reconstruction based on imagine is introduced to the computer vision field，and then，a perspective camera model for the distant scenes imagine is built.With the use of robust self-calibration algorithm，a three-dimensional model of slope can be automatically built through the non-metric digital open-pit mine slope photos.According to the acquisition and processing of the above distant-scene image，a field test on a slope which belongs to Anqian Mining Company was carried out.A three-dimensional slope model was acquired under different numbers of the photos，which means that the three-dimensional modeling technique of open pit slope is feasible.Moreover，higher precision model could be acquired under the condition of less original pictures.So it can effectively reduce the work of the data collection and the cost of three-dimensional modeling and improve the efficiency of surveying and mapping open-pit mine.It has important significance in the field of three-dimensional terrain and landslide hazard analysis in open pit mine.
    Application of Temperature and Humidity Independent Control Cooling System in Cooling Deep Mine
    CHEN Liu
    2014, 43(10):  133-137. 
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    In view of the problems in traditional mine cooling system，high energy consumption and high humidity at working face，combining with the special environment and requirement of deep mine，a temperature and humidity independent control cooling system for deep mine is proposed.Since cold water does not finish dehumidfication task，the system will adopt natural cold sources or high-temperature chiller with high COP to bear high sensible heat load，and the rotary-type dehumidifier to bear latent heat load.Then，the residual heat and waste heat in deep mine are used as the regenerative heat source for dehumidification.The thermodynamic calculation on a case shows that:the temperature and humidity independent control cooling system can be applied in cooling deep mine well.It can effectively improve the deep mining environment，and also lower the energy consumption.It is a worthy popularizing cooling system for deep mine.The energy consumption by a case shows that when the cool source adopts high temperature chiller unit，the regenerative heat source are heated by electricity，and the relative temperature and humidity at working face approaches to be saturated，the energy consumption of the independent control cooling system above is slightly lower than that of the conventional cooling system.Further analysis shows that:the larger moisture load at working surface，the more obvious energy saving of the temperature and humidity independent cooling control system.With the full use of residual heat，waste heat and natural cooling source，the energy consumption will be lowered further.
    Numerical Simulation Study of High Density Total Tailings Slurry Pipeline Transport
    GAN De-Qing, GAO Feng, CHEN Chao, LIU Ai-Xing, ZHANG Yun-Peng
    2014, 43(10):  138-141. 
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    Mining method of cement backfilling with high density total tailings slurry has being extensively used in underground iron mines.The pipeline transportation of high density total tailings cemented backfilling slurry is an important part in the study of this mining method.Taking the cement backfilling mining with high density total tailings in Wuzhuang iron mine as raw material,backfilling pipes with inside diameters of 90 mm,113 mm and 122 mm were respectively chosen to study its in-pipe flow states by adopting double precision fluid software fluent-2ddp.According to the occurrence of the ore,the production scale of the mine and the properties of backfilling slurry,a numerical model of pipeline transportation system is built.The boundary conditions of the inlet and pipe walls are set up to make numerical calculating of slurry transportation process.The analysis on the calculation results showed that the pressure lost and velocity are most suitable when the slurry was transported by 113 mm pipe,compared with by 90 mm and 122 mm pipes.The slurry velocity surges at the bends and the slurry velocity inside is higher than one outside.The slurry velocity at the section distributes like a parabola and the highest velocity located at above the pipe center.
    Numerical Analysis and Monitoring of Local Instability Characteristics of the Open Pit Slope
    ZHANG Yong-Jun, YANG Deng-Feng, WANG Jin-Tao, CHEN Guan-Ping
    2014, 43(10):  142-147. 
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    Based on slope monitoring project of Open Pit Quartz Mine of Jinchuan Group as background，with the use of the monitoring data，and taking local landslide of the beach as the research object，the deformation and failure mechanism of the slope under the stress concentration action caused by unloading effect is studied through analyze the cumulative horizontal displacement values of the monitoring sites around the beach and on the landslide.With RFPA strength subtraction method，the gradual instability process of typical profile and multi-steps during the mining process of 1 768 mm platform is reproduced.macro-cracks on the meso cycle of “rupture-stress transfer-rupture” is developed constantly，eventually forming a cut-through sliding surface.The strain localization phenomenon caused by stress concentration，release，and transfer process is accompanied by the whole process of failure.The monitoring results show that:the process of localized damage is migrated from mining step to the upper bench slope rock mass，and 7~11 m point of each beach slope is greatly affected by load transfer.
    Open-pit Slope Landslide Risk Assessment Based on Comprehensive Geophysical Prospecting Method
    ZHAO Zi-Hao, WU Bing, REN Yu-Hui
    2014, 43(10):  148-151. 
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    Open-pit rocky high slope landslide brings a major threat to production safety,and seriously affects the economic benefits of mine.For a mine that has had a landslide,in order to avoid from similar accidents,a landslide risk assessment should be made on the whole mine.Based on the study of the mechanism of landslide in Zone C of Bayan Obo's main East mine,comprehensive geophysical prospecting,including seismic method,geophysical radar method and high density resistivity method,was made in non-landslide and not strengthened areas.On the basis of the results of the comprehensive geophysical prospecting,five indicators such as moisture content,mode of fault combination,etc.which influence the stability of slope are selected.Judgment matrix is made by comparing arbitrary two factors of five.After transforming the judgment matrix,weight matrix of these factors is obtained.Coupled with the experience and parameter sensitivity analysis,an evaluation set including big,medium and small level of risks is constructed for these factors,and each factor's membership degree to each evaluation level is calculated.Taking a cross-section for example,the gray fuzzy matrix and the weight matrix are constructed and a gray fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is conducted to determine the landslide risk of the cross-section.
    Study on the Representative Parameters of the Physical Properties of Tailings
    CAO Zuo-Zhong, ZHANG Mo, ZHU Jun-Xing, JIANG Dong-Ping
    2014, 43(10):  152-156. 
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    Physical properties of tailings is an important factor affecting the safety and stability of tailings dam.At present，many physical parameters of tailings are described，but economy and practicability is poor.With the method of mathematical statistics，the physical properties of tailings correlation between parameters are in-depth studied.According to the correlation，the physical property parameters of tailings are divided into three categories，the first category is the combination of void ratio，water content and compressibility；the second category is the combination of compression modulus，specific gravity of soil particle，dry density and wet density；the third category is the combination of consolidation，permeability，uniformity，constrained diameter and effective diameter.According to the average correlation coeficient of similar indicators，the representative parameters of each category are void ratio，wet density and permeability.The results revealed the essential connection among physical property parameters of tailings，which has the guiding significance for selecting the physical parameters of the stability analysis of tailings dam.
    Test Research on Strength Damage of Concrete Shaft Lining under Salt Disaster Corrosion
    LI Xu-Rong, JI Hong-Guang, WANG Jun, SONG Cheng-Lin
    2014, 43(10):  157-160. 
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    The structure of concrete shaft lining is easily corroded in underground complex environment.In order to study the change of the compressive strength and the flexural strength after suffering composite salt disaster solutions corrosion，C70 high strength concrete test specimens were prepared and composite salt disaster solutions with three different concentrations were compounded.The compressive strength and the flexural strength of the concrete test specimens were tested after dipping them into mixture solution and drying them for many times.The test results showed that the change laws of the compressive strength and the flexural strength of the high strength concrete are different after dipping them into water and mixture solution.The compressive strength and the flexural strength are increased in the water，and the compressive strength raises faster in the early time but gradually keeps stable in the later time，while the flexural strength changes suddenly from the sixth month to the seventh month.The compressive strength and the flexural strength of high strength concrete increase in corrosion solutions and then decline.The higher corrosion solution concentration is in the mixture solutions，the quicker the strength declines in the later.The change law of the flexural strength is more complex than that of the compressive strength.
    Similarity Simulation Research of Slope Deformation During Underground Mining in Mountainous Area
    LIU Teng, WANG Jin-An, GAO Zhi-Guo, WANG Li
    2014, 43(10):  161-165. 
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    Taking Haishiwan mining area in Gansu province as the research object,2D geological model is set up through the similar material simulation experiment.The slope deformation characteristics during underground mining in mountainous area are studied.The results showed that the displacement at the upper part of slope is less than that at the lower part; The surface displacement vector in mountainous area is under interaction of slope inclination and goaf subsidence,which values at composite vectors of slope inclination and goaf subsidence.The sliding of mountain surface mainly occurs in the topsoil,and the lower strata are only influenced by the goaf subsidence.The surface movement track in mountainous area presents as “S” type in bedding slope,and reverse “S” type in adverse slope.The final displacement of slope surface depends on the influence coefficient of the two kinds of slope.In bedding slope,when the inclination factor is greater than that of the goaf subsidence,the final displacement will migrate towards the inclination,otherwise towards the goaf.In adverse slope,the final displacement is influenced by both combination and always migrates towards the inclination.It is an effective means to study the movement of mountainous surface by adopting similar material simulation experiment.
    Slope Design and Stability Analysis of Open Pit Based on SURPAC and FLAC3D
    CHEN Yin-Ping, JIN Ai-Bing, WANG Kai, MA Song, YAO Peng-Fei, WU Zuo-Han
    2014, 43(10):  166-170. 
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    With Jinxin copper molybdenum mine as engineering background，SURPAC and FLAC3D are adopted to build the real calculation model of the mine，and the economic data such as the stripping ratio and the quantity of extracted ore are obtained simultaneously.On the premise of keeping safety，three ways of properly increasing the angle and height of single bench，and decreasing the width of cleaning bench can increase the final slope angle of open pit by 2°，drop the stripping ratio from 3.66 to 3.52 and lessen the amount of stripped rocks by 13.5 Mt.All these can efficiently improve the economic benefit of the mine enterprise.Based on this，the stability of the open pit slope after increasing the overall slope angle is analyzed，and its horizontal displacements and failures of the plastic zones are demonstrated.Real-time monitoring on the northern sidewall that is in a high risk is made.The analysis indicated that each new slope is basically in the stable condition and only small part of slope requires local ground support to guarantee the safety in mining.
    Research on Dust Source Characteristics and Suppression Ejector Systems in High Inclination-angle Fully Mechanized Caving Face
    YAO Xi-Wen, LU Guang-Li, XU Kai-Li, LI Xing
    2014, 43(10):  170-175. 
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    In consideration of the fact that the production conditions of high inclination-angle fully mechanized caving face is complicated，coal winning machine produces a great quantity of dust，and the caving coal dust is easy to float in the sky.In combination of field measurement and experimental analysis，a research on dust producing quantity and particle size distribution was conducted on coal mining machine，and the floating dust amount and fall dust amount of coal winning machine are calculated by measuring in caving face.The suppression ejector systems in high inclination-angle fully mechanized caving face is designed，which can prevent dust from floating in the sky，strengthen the spray dusting and dust flow control.And then，it was applied to caving faces.The results showed that about half of dust produced by coal machine is floating dust with the dust median diameter of 8.22 μm，and the respirable dust accounted for 44.5% of all the dust.It should be focused on.The respirable dust collection efficiency with coal mining machine suppression ejector systems is improved from 49.5% to 65.3%.In combination of ejector spray filter and nozzle installation in hydraulic support，the whole dust collection efficiency is improved from 69.4% to 85.7%.This technique may provide a reference for the dust prevention in caving coal location of high inclination-angle fully mechanized caving face.
    Beneficiation Experiment of Recovery Molybdenum and Tungsten from a Tailing Pool from Henan
    SHAO Wei-Hua, ZHAO Ping, GUO Zhen-Xu, ZHANG Yan-Jiao
    2014, 43(10):  176-180. 
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    Molybdenum tailing，with molybdenum grade of 0.086%，tungsten grade of 0.13%，is discarding in tailing pool.Due to long-term piled up，the oxidation rate of molybdenum is as high as 51.76%，with fineness particle size distribution，and the floatability is poor.In order to develop and utilize the ore，systematic beneficiation technology process and regime of reagent is carried out.The results indicated that，after iron removal by low intensity magnetic separation-desliming for nonmagnetic products，using sodium carbonate as modifier，sodium silicate as depressor，W-189 as collector，through one roughing，three scavenging，one cleaning flotation operation and Mo-W mixed rough concentrate with Mo grade of 0.86%，WO3 contents of 1.21% is obtained.Through thicken，warming and pulp conditioning，and then one roughing，two scavenging，three cleaning operation dealing with the Mo-W mixed rough concentrate，Mo-W mixed concentrate with Mo grade of 12.78% and recovery of 54.94%，WO3 contents of 21.96% and recovery of 72.45% is obtained，which realize comprehensive recovery of tungsten and molybdenum. 