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Table of Content

    15 September 2014, Volume 43 Issue 09
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    Active Regulation Mechanism of Mine Waste Dump Stability
    MI Zi-Jun
    2014, 43(09):  1-6. 
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    The high bench and high intensity dumping，large-scale dumping equipment are becoming the development tendency for mine dump.Consequently，the dump bench instability or other foundation failure rise rapidly，that is，the dump capacity decreases with the dump height lowered，and strengthening or cleaning the soft layer of foundation results in vast project costs.The practicality of the passive control measures，such as debris dam，retaining wall at toe，was analyzed，and the validity of the drain was evaluated.Based on the environmental protection，and starting with interaction characteristics between the waste dump and the foundation，the design principle of deformation and local failure allowance was proposed.Active regulation mechanism was established according to spatial effect，that sets up a reasonable dump space and adjusts time-space relation during waste dumps emission.①On the waste dump with convex slope，the emission intensity must be controlled to ensure normal consolidation and settlement，and the waste disposal discharge be taken as the key adjusting and controlling index.②On the waste dump with soft ground，the first dump bench height should be limited，and the bearing strength of the foundation should be improved by preloading principle，regarding it as the base of the next bench and avoiding from wide-spread cleanup of the soft soil layer.③When the ridges and gulches are criss-crossed in the site，and the foundation is soft，the symmetrical，even and vertical disposal style can evade retrogressive landslide induced by lateral extrusion.Meanwhile，by adopting the zoning interval discharging and based on the principle of interface relief，the discharging base was built to ensure that raining does not induce into landslide and debris flow.The field tests proved that the dump process with active regulation gave consideration on both the security and the economy，and met requirement of the mine.
    Early Warning Method of Slope Instability of Open-pit Mine Based on RBF Neural Network
    XIE Zhen-Hua, LIANG Sha-Sha, ZHANG Xue-Dong
    2014, 43(09):  7-10. 
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    The slope instability has always been a key technical issue for the safe production in open-pit mine.The realization of the intelligent warning of slope instability is the core of instability research.The early warning model based on RBF neural network was established，taking the high-steep slope engineering of Aoshan pit in Nanshan Iron Mine of Masteel as a case.Gradient descent algorithm for training was improved，and according to the experience，the algorithm's learning step was set up.Six factors of cohesion，internal friction angle，slope angle，slope height，ratio of pore water pressure and bulk density were selected as network input units.And，25 sets of sample data selected were used to complete the learning of RBF neural network.Then，the early warning model was used to make early warning analysis on instability of two slopes of Aoshan pit in Nanshan Iron Mine.Stability classification of the two slopes is respectively level 1 and level 3，that are，extremely stable and basically stable，which are accordant with the current actual situation.This early warning method is worth being applied and spread.
    Impact of Rainfall on Stability of Thick Alluvium Slope
    ZHOU Jing-Ren, YANG Tian-Hong, YU Qing-Lei, LIU Hong-Lei, LI Feng-Zhu, 南Shi-Qing
    2014, 43(09):  11-15. 
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    Slope stability is the pre-condition of safety and production in open-pit mine and rainfall is one of the most important factors that affect slope stability.Especially for thick alluvium open-pit slope，it is more important to study the effect of rainfall.Combining with the hydrological and geological data at eastern slope of Yanshan Iron Mine，The changes of groundwater depth，and its impact on safety factors of the slope and the distribution of the seepage field under different rainfall conditions were studied.The simulation results showed that the existed water shutoff curtain at the early construction does not work well in lowering the groundwater level and the groundwater depth is constantly low.The fine sand layer and gravel layer in the slope are rich in water，forming a coherent groundwater transport corridor，and water leakage appears in the slope.In heavy raining，slope water inflow is increased dramatically，slope safety factor decreased obviously，and Landslide may occur.Based on this and the status quo，a method for drainage was proposed in order to improve the safety factor and ensure the safety and stable production of the mine.
    Test on Proportions of Mixed Filling Materials in Jinchuan Mine
    WANG Yong-Ding
    2014, 43(09):  16-20. 
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    The proportion of filling material slurry has a significant impact on filling body strength and slurry conveying properties.Due to the shortages in the supply of rod milled sands in Jinchuan Mine,tests were carried out to investigate the filling intensity,slurry fluidity,bleeding ratio and loss rate of sedimentation of mixed filling slurry which contains three kinds of filling additives of rod milled sand,rod milled sand+river sand and rod milled sand+river sand+fly ash by adding the same amount of cement.The results showed that with proportion of river sand+rod milled sand at 2∶8,mixed filling slurry has the same filling intensity with the rod milled sand,and its slurry fluidity,bleeding ratio and loss rate of sedimentation are relatively lower.Still,it can meet the requirements of backfill mining in Jinchuan Mine.With the additive of fly ash as much as 30% of cement,the mixed slurry can greatly improve the strength of filling body,but also improve slurry fluidity,bleeding ratio and loss rate of sedimentation.Meanwhile,the segregation degree of filling slurry is reduced,which provides benefits to improve filling body quality and roof-contacted filling.The research result has been successfully applied in filling slurry preparation and industrial production in Jinchuan Mine.
    Selection of Mining Method of Transforming from Open-pit to Underground for Sangyuan Iron Mine
    XU Xing-Hua
    2014, 43(09):  21-25. 
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    Some mining methods such as caving method, which have short construction period and low mining cost, are often selected for mines changing from open-pit to underground. However, as ecological and environmental protection getting more and more attention, surface collapse induced by underground mining is not permitted so that upward backfilling method with relative longer construction period and larger investment tend to be adopted by mine, which is harmful to mine management in transition period. Open-pit mining has already caused damage to the surface, so collapse is permitted inside the open-pit limit, therefore Sangyuan mine decide to combine caving and backfilling method for its transition to underground mining. Firstly, the engineering characteristic of Sangyuan Mine is introduced. Then, engineering analogy method and Laubscher method are used for preliminary choosing the depth of cave mining. Finally, based on the coupling analysis of block distinct element method (DEM) and particle DEM, the depth of cave mining and the thickness of covering layer are determined. Economic analysis showed that, with the combined mining method Sangyuan mine can not only overcome difficulties in transition period, but also save mining cost up to nearly 100 million Yuan.
    Curtain Grouting Layout and Process Optimization under Complex Water-rich Environment
    WANG Ze-Qun, ZHANG Lin
    2014, 43(09):  26-29. 
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    Curtain grouting can effectively cut off the groundwater recharge in exploitation areas，which creates conditions for the safe mining of ore-body under complex water-rich environment.Based on the detailed investigation on hydrogeological environment in mining area，water plugging effect of the curtain grouting under different curtain lines and grouting parameters were analyzed through the industrial tests，with the water plugging rate as index.By optimizing the lines and layout parameters of curtain grouting，drilling volume was reduced by 36.01% through the layout of unequal-spacing and wide-spacing holes.Modified solidified cured slurry (90%) and pulverized coal ash solidified slurry (10%) as grouting material reduced the costs of curtain project.The results show that the maximum water level difference on both sides of the curtain was up to 40.6m，and the plugging water rate reached 77.96%.Curtain grouting project gained the desired water plugging effect.
    Water Plugging Construction Technology with Advance Downward Grouting for Kilometers Deep Blind Shaft
    LI Wen-Guang, JI Dong, SUN Ying-An
    2014, 43(09):  30-34. 
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    Sanshandao Gold Mine is one of main mines in Shandong Gold Group，which has entered deep mining and its main excavation depth has exceeded 1000 m away from the surface.Water-bearing fissure zone with 46 m3/h inflow are found in -1 070 m level working face in blind shaft excavation project，and how to propose a rational water conservancy project to ensure construction safety is becoming an urgent issue to be solved.Based on the background above，the design parameters and implementation plan of advance downward grouting were optimized，with the proper equipments and materials adopted.Grouting operation of 90m high was carried out by three times after observation of water inrush area and determining proper arrangement of construction sequence.Favorable water plugging effect is achieved by the on-site implementation of grouting plan (total water inrush volume less than 0.5 m3/h)，which can guarantee excavation engineering safely passing water-bearing fissure zone.The above grouting method has certain guiding significance to similar water inrush prevention projects in metal mines.
    Back-filling Experiment of Cemented Filling Slurry Pipeline System for Taoshan Mine
    NIE Wen-Bo, LI Feng-Yi, CHEN Lei
    2014, 43(09):  35-38. 
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    In order to solve the problems of pipe blocking and high wear rate of pipeline during filling mining process at Sanjing working face of Taoshan Mine，industrial tests of gravity and pumping transport are carried out by adopting the fluid mechanics theory，in combination with the practical situation of the working face.The ANSYS simulation was made to analyze the effect of different slurry concentration and pipeline diameters at the given speed 2.0 m/s on the entire pipe pressure.Simulation results showed that under the given delivery speed，when the filling slurry concentration values at 52% and pipe diameter ranges from 140 mm to 180 mm，which are within the reasonable control and makes slurry transport easy，the pipeline pressure are 134.561 kPa，and ranges from 130.053 to 138.759 kPa respectively.Industrial tests together with the simulation indicated that the problems of pipe blocking and high rate of pipeline of slurry transportation are solved and backfill mining obtained good effect.The pilpline system can effectively control the deformation of roof and floor，reduce the roof subsidence and lower the environment.It is approved that it is a kind of “safe，economical，environment-friendly and reliable” filling mining system.It provides reference for filling mining of the mine and similar mines.
    Rare Earth Recovery from Bayan Obo Tailings by Flotation
    YAO Zhi-Ming, SONG Chuan-Bing, ZHANG Qi
    2014, 43(09):  39-42. 
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    Mill tailing (41% passing 0.074 mm) in Bayan Obo plant tailing dam of Baosteel is rich in rare earth ores.The main rare earth ore is bastnaesite with grade of 6.00%.In order to exploit the rare earth ores from the tailings，flotation tests are carried out.The results indicate that it is feasible for recovery of rare earth ores by the flotation.Rare earth concentrate with REO grade of 22.23% and recovery of 72.21% is obtained through process of one roughing，three cleaning，one scavenging，and middles back to the flow-sheet in turn，under the grinding fineness of 98% 0.074 mm and pulp pH of 9，using sodium silicate and oxalic as modifier，8# reagent as collector，2# oil as frother.The flotation test achieves ideal index and can be as a basis for rare earth recovery from Bayan Obo tailings.
    Fluidized Gas Reduction-High Temperature Smelting Tests of a Beach Iron Placer
    LIU Ying, GUO Han-Jie, GUO Lei, LI Yong-Qi, SUN Guan-Yong
    2014, 43(09):  43-47. 
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    In order to find a reasonable development and utilization program for a beach placer in Indonesia，the direct reduction experiments using CO-H2 gas mixture as reducing gas were conducted in a vertical tubular resistance furnace.Smelting tests on products obtained at optimum condition were conducted.The results revealed that ① both reaction temperature and reduction circumstances can dramatically influence the reaction efficiency，reduction products with iron reduction degree of 96.11% and metallization ratio of 93.40% was obtained at conditions of volume ratio of H2 to CO 7〖DK（〗∶〖DK）〗3，and reducing temperature at 900 ℃ for 80 min.② under the optimum smelting temperature 1 570 ℃，alkalinity 1.2，smelting time 15 min for the reduction products，the recovery of iron reached 92.99%.To sum up，the fluidized gas reduction-high temperature smelting process is an efficient process in developing the beach placer.
    Experiment on Aluminium and Iron Separation of High-Fe Bauxite
    LI Li-Xia, FANG Ping, YUAN Zhi-Tao, ZHANG Song
    2014, 43(09):  48-51. 
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    Due to high iron oxide content and complex mineral disseminated conditions，a large number of high-Fe bauxite is to be developed.To determine the high efficient development and utilization of a high-Fe bauxite ore in Sichuan，main factors in the high efficient aluminum and iron separation process of reduction roasting-iron enrichment by low intensity magnetic separation-aluminum dissolution were tested，including roasting system，grinding fineness of calcined product and field intensity of low intensity magnetic separation as single variable factor.The results showed that under conditions of the particle size of reduction roasting sample 0.18 ~ 0 mm，a carbon coefficient of 2.0，calcined at 1 350 ℃，roasting for 20 min，grinding fineness of calcined product 91% -0.074 mm，and magnetic field strength of low-intensity magnetic separation 60 kA/m，the metal iron powder with Fe grade of 89.83%，Fe recovery of 84.08% was obtained，and the leaching rate of Al2O3 reached 69.35%，which preferably achieved the separation of aluminum and iron.
    Effect Comparison of Copper and Molybdenum Mixed Concentrate Separation by DDY3 and Sodium Sulfide
    WANG Xin, YANG Hong-Ying, CHEN Guo-Bao, GUO Jian-Bing, LIU Zi-Long
    2014, 43(09):  52-55. 
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    copper and molybdenum mixed concentrate in Inner Mongolia contains 26.14% copper and 0.93% molybdenum.Activation of copper ions produced during the process of grinding and bulk flotation makes it difficult to separate copper from molybdenum.Sodium sulfide is added by 15 kg/t to realize molybdenum floatation and copper depression in on-site process.But it does not achieve the desired effect，even worse.It results in contamination of tailings dam and surroundings.To solve the problem，the dosages of sodium sulfide and self-made DDY3 are investigated respectively by the subject team of Northeastern University，the adaptation of DDY3 and sodium sulfide to the pulp density and pH are contrasted，and the failure time of DDY3 and sodium sulfide solution are found out.The results show that: ①The dosage of DDY3 is much lower than that of sodium sulfide，and DDY3 has a much better adaptability than that of sodium sulfide in the pulp density and pH variation.And the failure time of DDY3 is much slower than sodium sulfide.②Under the conditions of pulp concentration of 25% and pH of 10.5，molybdenum concentrate with molybdenum grade of 9.65% and recovery of 16.23%，and copper concentrate with copper recovery of 98.96% are received by adopting 15 kg/t fresh sodium sulfide.Molybdenum concentrate with molybdenum grade of 10.80% and recovery of 61.33%，and copper concentrate with copper recovery of 94.39% are received with 1 kg/t fresh DDY3.That DDY3 instead of sodium sulfide is used in separation of copper molybdenum mixed concentrate are high efficient and environmental-friendly.
    Optimization on Low Temperature Floatation of Scheelite from Copper-tungsten Ore
    LI Jing, SUN Xiao-Lin, ZHANG Da-Yong, ZHU Yin-Ping
    2014, 43(09):  56-59. 
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    The invariable medicament of tungsten flotation has been taken since Hunan copper tungsten separation plant was built，however the pulp temperature will influence the tungsten concentrate index.The flotation index is non-ideal during the period from late autumn to the next early spring.In order to stabilize the performance of tungsten recovery，decrease the tungsten resources waste，and promote the production achievement，medicament optimization research was carried out by taking copper-sulphur bulk flotation tailings as the sample.The results show that the new combination collector ZL-B+LDZ is suitable for the low temperature scheelite flotation of this sample.When the pulp temperature is 10 ℃，the optimum mass ratio of ZL-B to LDZ is 3〖DK（〗∶〖DK）〗2.When the temperature increases，a stable and ideal tungsten concentrate index can be achieved by decreasing the dosage of LDZ and increasing the dosage of ZL-B to fit with the temperature change.With the equal dosage of ZL-B+LDZ to on-site ZL-B，and slurry temperature at 10 ℃，the concentrate tungsten grade is increased by 0.97 percentage points，but also the tungsten recovery raised by 25.67 percentage points.
    Flotation Experiments on a Refractory Lead-zinc Ore in Northwestern China
    JIANG Yong-Zhi, LI Guo-Dong
    2014, 43(09):  60-63. 
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    A lead-zinc mine in northwestern China is a large-scale refractory Pb-Zn deposit with characteristics of complex mineral composition，uneven lead-zinc mineral distribution，micro-grained and complex dissemination，difficulty in liberating monomer mineral and hard gangue mineral.In order to determine the utilization scheme about the Pb-Zn deposit，experimental study on the ore is made by adopting the preferential flotation process.The results indicate that under the conditions of grinding fineness of 85% -0.074 mm，lead concentrate with Pb grade of 60.45％，Zn grade of 8.90％ and lead recovery of 75.95％，and zinc concentrate with Zn grade of 51.60%，Pb grade of 0.31% and zinc recovery of 87.39% were obtained respectively with closed circuit process of lead concentration by one roughing，one scavenging and three cleaning (regrinding to 95% -0.045 mm before the cleaning)，zinc concentration by one roughing，one scavenging and two cleaning process，and middlings returning to the flow-sheet in order.The process is an efficient utilization scheme for this ore.
    Comparison of Atmosphere Pressure Acid Leaching and Oxygen Pressure Acid Leaching for Vanadium Extracting from Mica-type Stone Coal
    XUE Nan-Nan, ZHANG Yi-Min, LIU Tao, HUANG Jing, HUANG Jun
    2014, 43(09):  64-68. 
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    Among a vanadium-bearing stone coal from Hubei province，more than 85% vanadium exists in mica minerals.V3+ and V4+ account for 70.83% and 29.17% of total vanadium respectively，in which V3+ replaces Al3+ as isomorphism in mica lattice which make vanadium hard to be released by direct acid leaching at atmosphere pressure.In order to find a high efficiency，low consumption，environmental friendly vanadium extracting process and parameters，by compared with atmosphere pressure acid leaching results，the oxygen pressure acid leaching process conditions were examined.The research results indicate that increasing leaching temperature，sulfuric volume concentration and oxygen partial pressure can significantly improve vanadium leaching efficiency，and introduction of pressure field can substantially raise vanadium leaching efficiency，shorten leaching time and reduce acid consumption.Vanadium leaching efficiency by oxygen pressure acid leaching reach 75.98% with sulfuric volume concentration of 20%，leaching for 5 h，leaching temperature at 160 ℃，oxygen partial pressure of 0.5 MPa，which is 45.12% higher than that of atmosphere pressure leaching at sulfuric volume concentration of 20%，leaching for 5 h and leaching temperature at 98 ℃.
    Study on Leaching Process of a Beryllium Concentrate from Xinjiang
    WANG Qing-Liang, LI Zhong, LI Qian, HU E-Ming, XIONG Xiao, CHENG Quan-Hui
    2014, 43(09):  69-71. 
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    In order to efficiently extract beryllium in a beryllium concentrate，Xinjiang province，with particle size from 0.074 to 0 mm，beryllium content of 5.60%，the dosage of concentrated sulfuric acid，pretreatment temperature，the ratio of liquid to solid，and leaching time in process of heating sulfuric acid pretreatment-agitation leaching are studied.The result show that leaching rate of beryllium oxide reaches 97% with mass ratio of beryllium concentrate to concentrated sulfuric acid of 1〖DK（〗∶〖DK）〗1.5，pretreatment temperature at 180 ℃，liquid to solid ratio of 2〖DK（〗∶〖DK）〗1 in agitation leaching，and leaching for 4 h.This process has good leaching performance.All factors of dosage of concentrated sulfuric acid，pretreatment temperature，liquid to solid ratio，as well as leaching time significantly influence the leaching rate of beryllium oxide，among which the temperature is the most.By the leaching process above，energy consumption and costs can be greatly reduced.The process provides a reference for beryllium concentrate leaching.
    Performance Characterization and Purification of a Bentonite Ore in Hami
    LI Zhi-Juan, WANG Xiao-Fei, ZHOU Qi-Xiong, LI Hong, LIU Guang-Jun
    2014, 43(09):  72-76. 
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    At present，the Layigelaike bentonite ore in Hami was the only explored large sodium base bentonite ore in our country.In order to find the purification process of bentonite with high efficiency and low consumption，comparison of chemical purification with high speed centrifugal process was conducted based on the bentonite property.The results show that：①the montmorillonite content of bentonite is up to 78%，Ethylene blue adsorbed is 0.35 g/g，gelatin price 54 mL/g，expansion capacity 27 mL/g，cation exchange capacity of 1.01 mmol/g，and the ore belongs to high quality sodium base bentonite ore.②under conditions of serum concentration of 6%，centrifugal separation speed of 2 500 r/min，and the centrifugal separation for 15 min，high-quality bentonite concentrate with 0.429 g/g of ethylene blue adsorbed and 97.00% of montmorillonite is achieved by adopting high speed centrifugation purification with high investment and operation costs;with serum concentration of 7%，pH 7.0 and the concentration of sodium hexametaphosphate 0.075%，the bentonite concentrate with 0.418 g/g ethylene blue adsorbed and 94.70% of montmorillonite is achieved by adopting the chemical purification method with characteristics of easier operation and lower production costs.
    Experiment of the Stripping of Kaolin in Yichang
    BAI Li-Li, ZHANG Ling-Yan, GUAN Jun-Fang, LIU Xin, TIAN Zhao, CAO Gang
    2014, 43(09):  77-81. 
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    The kaolin content of a kaolin ore in Yichang is about 95%，but its fraction yield in -2 μm size just reaches 30% and 10% of kaolin has not been striped which contains organic coloring impurities，so it is hard to realize decolorization by direct roasting.In order to obtain high quality kaolin clinker，the conditions of splitting process are studied，and the SEM photos and whiteness of clinker of kaolin clay before and after the splitting are analyzed.It is obtained that stripping product in -2 μm size reached the yield of 96.62% under conditions of volume ratio of medium corundum mill ball (Φ=1.2 mm) and little ball (Φ=0.8 mm ) 0.8∶1.5，grinding concentration 70%，grinding medium fill rates 70%，stripping speed 800 r/min for 180 minutes and dispersant sodium hexametaphosphate accounting for 3% of the raw materials by adding once before grinding.The products are even grained monolithic kaolin with smooth surface;the whiteness of kaolin clinker is increased from 76.84% to 82.08% after splitting，about by 5.24%.The granularity of kaolin and the whiteness of kaolin clinker after splitting can reach requirements for high quality fillers.
    Purification of a Amorphous Graphite Using Alkali-acid Methods
    JIANG Fang, TU Wen-Mao
    2014, 43(09):  82-84. 
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    The alkali-acid methods is the major process in purifying amorphous graphite.Purification experiments on dosage of NaOH,roasting time,roasting temperature and dosage of HCl are conducted to find reasonable technological parameters for a graphite with fixed canbon content of 85%,particle size from 0.048 to 0 mm and impurities of SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3 etc.in Hunan province.The results show that it is benefit to increase the fixed carbon content by properly increasing dosage of NaOH,roasting time,roasting temperature and dosage of HCl.Purified product with fixed carbon content of 98.79% is obtained at the conditions of mass ratio 0.6 of NaOH to the sample,roasting temperature at 600 ℃ for 60 min and the mass ratio of HCl to sample 0.4 mL/g.
    Comminution Parameters Detection of the Ore by Drop-weight Tests
    WANG Ze-Hong, CHU Wen-Cheng, KONG Ling-Bin, CHEN Chao, MA Kun
    2014, 43(09):  85-89. 
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    In order to make the selection of comminution equipments and process more accurately and reasonably，the popular material comminution properties measured methods in AG/SAG operation at abroad：the JKTech Drop-weight Test method was introduced systemically.The comminution properties that are the impact parameter A and b as well as abrasion parameter Ta in Chengde Iron Ore are determined by using JK Drop-weight Tester and abrasive grinding testing device.By comparing the test results with the data in database，it can be seen that ①the three samples' comminution properties are similar with each other，which meant all the sample belong to the soft and middle-soft ore.②with the crushing energy of 2.5，1.0 kWh/t，the impact resistance decrease with the increase of the particle size.The more the crushing energy is，the more significant the impact resistance decreases.With the specific crushing energy of 0.25 kWh/h，the impact resistance increase with the increase of the particle size.It means that the impact resistance decrease with the specific crushing energy，and the curve slope of t10 & particle size becomes less.③The test results can be successfully applied into calculation of throughput and energy consumption，as well as AG/SAG flow-sheet design and simulation.It indicated that comminution properties by JKTech Drop-Weight Test could not only measure the ore properties，but also lay the foundation for equipment selection and flow-sheet determination.
    Relationship between Organic Matters and Mineralization in Dongshengmiao Sulfide Polymetallic Deposit
    HU Guai, CAO Jian-Jin
    2014, 43(09):  90-94. 
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    Electron probe micro-analyser (EPMA) has been used to analyze the content and existence form of element C among the thin slices of metallic ore from Dongshengmiao sulfide polymetallic deposit.The results showed that different content of carbon are detected from metallic minerals such as sphalerite,pyrrhotite,pyrite and chalcopyrite,but the there is no element C existed in galena which may be related to the nature of Pb mineralization.In addition,dolomite,magnesite and the compound of hybrid materials of carbonate and hydroxide of Fe are detected in the gangue minerals around these metallic minerals,and in most cases,element C is existed in the gangue minerals in the form of carbonate.The high carbon content of material is detected in the surrounding junction area of different metallic minerals and the metallic minerals inclusions (the content of C more than 75%),which is speculated to be the organic matter combing with the characteristics of the sulfide polymetallic deposit.The contrast analysis on test results indicated that the organic matter has a close relationship with metallic minerals and participates in the mineralizing process from the microcosmic view.
    Characteristics of Ore-forming Fluids of the No.III Deposit in Xiongcun District,Tibet
    LANG Xing-Hai, TANG Ju-Xing, HU Zheng-Hua, XIE Fu-Wei, HUANG Yong
    2014, 43(09):  95-98. 
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    In order to find out the ore-forming fluid characteristics and metallogenic mechanism of Xiongcun No.III deposit,the geological characteristics of No.III deposit is analyzed in detail and tests on the inclusions at quartz-sulfide veins and hydrogen and oxygen isotopes are conducted.The research results show that,the homogenization temperatures and salinities of fluid inclusions range from 170 ℃ to 310 ℃ (peak temperature at 220 ℃) and 1.20% to 30.1% respectively.Its hydrogen and oxygen isotopes range from -134.3‰ to -118.5‰ and -0.8‰ to -0.2‰ respectively,which indicates that,the ore-forming fluid is a mixture of magmatic water and atmospheric precipitation,and has the characteristics of middle temperature and middle-low salinities.The minerals precipitated of Xiongcun No.III deposit mainly relates to mixture of magmatic water and atmospheric precipitation and the crystallization of magnetite within potassic alteration zone.
    Mineralization Regularity and Target Prediction in Dongxidatan in East Kunlun Mountain
    ZHANG Hai-Feng, ZHANG Xiao-Pan, HUI Jie, CHANG Xin, WANG Quan-Feng
    2014, 43(09):  99-102. 
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    The strata,magmatic rocks,structure in Dongxidatan metallogenic prospective area and the regional geochemical anomaly characteristics are analyzed,the metallogenic regularity is summarized and the metallogenic prediction results are analyzed in detail.The traditional statistical methods are adopted to ring out single element anomalies such as Au,As,Sb,etc.,then,four integrated anomalies are delineated out.It is preliminarily considered that the lower triassic Bayankala group is the main ore-forming strata,and the ore-body distribution is controlled by the NWW brittle faults and interlayer sliding.Mineral deposits are mainly Sb-Au deposit of tectonic altered rock type and Sb-Au-Cu deposits of quartz vein type.Ore minerals are mainly the low temperature metallic minerals.The regional geochemistry shows that it has an unique characteristics of variation from west to east.The Au,Sb,As anomalies have a good overlap and the high intensity of anomalies area are favorable for ore prospecting.Five prospecting target areas are delineated finally,which has a most indicating significance for ore prospecting in the future.
    Discovery of Yanshanian Rhyolite Porphyry in Fanjingshan Area and Its Geological Significance
    SONG Jiong, QIN Xiao-Feng, ZHANG Xiao-Hua, WANG Zong-Qi, HAN Xiao-Bin
    2014, 43(09):  103-107. 
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    China;4.Qinhuangdao Mineral Resources，Hydrogeological and Engineering Geological Party，Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development，Qinhuangdao 066000，China Geochronology of Rhyolite porphyry discovered firstly in northeastern Fanjing Mountain area of northeastern Guizhou Province was studied by using LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb method.The research results showed that the rhyolite porphyry is developed during the early cretaceous 98.9±1.3 Ma，and it is the product of Yanshanian magmatism activity.Besides that，there maybe exist plenty of intermediate-acid granitic batholiths in this deep area in Indosinian-Yanshanian era，and these concealed minerals have close relationship with low-medium temperature hydrothermal deposits.The discovery of rhyolite porphyry and the determination of its era are significant to discuss the tectonic-magmatic evolution characteristics of southwestern section of Jiangnan orogenic belt，especially to guide ore prospecting of magmatic hydrothermal polymetallic gold deposits.
    Metallogenic System and Prospecting Direction of Gold Deposits in Inner Mongolia
    WANG Ji-Chun, LI Hai-Long, WANG Jing-Fan, SUN Yu-Xia, ZHANG Xiao-Xin
    2014, 43(09):  108-111. 
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    The latest data of gold deposits in Inner Mongolia area is collected,collated and analyzed to primarily summarize the regional metallogenic regularity of gold deposits in Inner Mongolia.The research area is divided into six prospective areas of gold mineralization.According to the metallogenic characteristics of Au-polymetallic deposits,nine gold metallogenic systems are proposed in the area based on the metallogenic system theory.In addition,the ore-controlling factors and distribution regularities are analyzed and summarized.It is found that,the spatial distribution of gold deposits in Inner Mongolia have the obvious characteristics of regional concentration,and most of them are located in the metallogenic belt of gold deposits in the north margin of North China block and the northern continental margin of North China plate.The metallogenic epochs of gold deposits in Inner Mongolia are thought of 4 periods including Proterozoic era,Caledonian,Variscan and Yanshan,among which Variscan and Yanshan are the main metallogenic epochs.According to the metallogenic characteristics and ore controlling factors of gold deposit,the prospecting direction is further proposed.
    Automatic Control System of Mixed Backfilling Tailings Slurry's Cemented Filing and its Concentration
    LI Zhi-Yang, LIU Chong
    2014, 43(09):  112-115. 
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    The filling pattern of mixed slurry cementing composed of full tailings and classified tailings has been adopted to give full play to complementary advantage of full tailing mortar and classified tailing cemented in filling technology.To realize the rapid and accurate control for the field control parameters and ensure the system' stability and continuity，S7-300 type PLC has been employed as the controller.The PLC application program has been programmed according to intelligent algorithm which combined with classical control and intelligent control to monitor and control various operating parameters in system.By configuration software in the upper computer，the PC monitor interface has been designed to display the real time operating parameters.The experimental results show that the system parameters can be quickly and accurately measured，and the parameters，such as the concentration and the flow of filling tailings slurry be effectively controlled.The problems of large delay and low control precision have been well solved.It meets the requirements of process control，and has a good application prospect with producing cost greatly reducing.
    3D Visualization System of Blasting Design of Open-pit Mine1
    BAI Run-Cai, DENG Chao, LIU Guang-Wei
    2014, 43(09):  116-120. 
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    To provide a kind of more advanced，scientific and standard 3D visualization technique and method for open-pit blasting design，the computer aided design process and the mechanism of open-pit blasting are studied in depth.Based on AutoCAD development platform，visual C++ in Visual Studio 2008 environment combining with ObjectARX，secondary development tools of AutoCAD were adopted to develop SMCAD three-dimensional geological model software.Then，3d visualization application software of open-pit mine blasting was produced.The application in No.1 open-pit coal mine of Shenbao energy company showed that the optimal explosion sequence and blasting heap shape were obtained through multiple demonstrations by this software.With strong adaptability and expansibility，this software greatly improved the blasting management level and design efficiency for open-pit enterprises，and shortened the labor intensity of designer，which provides a kind of decision-making basis for effective blasting design and the scientific and standard 3d visualization design of open-pit bench blasting.
    Influence of Wrap Angle of Tower Hoist on the Friction Wheel Stress
    XU Yong-Fu, WANG Wei-Feng, ZOU Sheng-Yong, DU Bo, LIU Jin-Jun
    2014, 43(09):  121-125. 
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    In order to discuss on the influence of wrap angle of tower hoist on the friction wheel stress,taking the JKM-4X4Ⅲ tower friction hoist (GB parameters) as a case，the finite element model of the main shaft device is built.Since the applied loads by hoist rope on drum shell conforms to Euler formula，the outer force of the friction wheel is obtained and transformed into the finite element model of the main shaft device.Then，the reasonable constraint condition is defined.With the aid of finite element analysis software（ABAQUS），stress calculation is made for the model with different wrap angles.The cyclic fatigue stress at different site of tower friction hoist and the distribution regularity of the cyclic fatigue stress with variation of wrap angle are achieved respectively:stress variation is relatively gentle when wrap angle is 180°~190°;stress variation gradient is increases obviously when wrap angle is 195°.The research results provides a reliable theoretical basis for the design of the main shaft device of the tower hoist and the selection of wrap angle when on-site installation.
    Safety Monitoring，Diagnosis and Early Warning System of Surrounding Rocks of Metal Mine
    CAO Ye
    2014, 43(09):  126-131. 
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    Aiming at the problem of the mine laneway monitoring system diagnosis and early warning function is weak,inperfect system,the de-noising method of blasting vibration，the determination of surrounding rock categories，and the evaluation index of blasting vibration effect based on the wavelet energy theory are integrated to form a long-term real-time monitoring，diagnosis and early warning system to supervise the safety of surrounding rocks for metal mine.The system consists of such modules as optimization of monitoring points，de-noising of monitoring signal，analysis of signal frequency-domain energy，determination of surrounding rocks categories，safety discrimination of surrounding rocks，and safety pre-warning of surrounding rocks.The largest function of this system is that it can make the diagnostic analysis on the real-time signals and contract with the accumulated database files to draw the final diagnosis conclusion and then the related engineering measures are given.The system provides a foundation for improving the technical level of safety supervision for metal mines.
    Utilization and Energy Saving of Controlled Recirculating Air Study on Metal mine
    LIU Xiao-Pei, GONG Rui, CHANG De-Qiang, QU Yuan-Long, LIU Jing-Xian
    2014, 43(09):  132-136. 
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    Along with the increase of mining depth，energy consumption on mine ventilation system is increasing.How to supply air to deep mine economically is one of the important issues faced by the underground deep mining.For this deep mining，the controlled recirculating airflow technique was adopted to realize the energy-saving air supplement.Taking Fushun Hongtoushan Mine in Liaoning for instance，and based on purification experiment of harmful gas among air return，the air purification plant，the harmful gas monitoring device，and some sealing and electronically controlled throttle were set at -287 m level of Hongtoushan Mine to form controlled recirculating air.The airflow quality monitoring system in Hongtoushan showed that mixing airflow quality conformed to the relevant state regulations.And according to the theoretical calculation of recirculating air mixing proportion and energy consumption，energy consumption can be reduced by 32.1% in minimum with controlled recirculating air system in Hongtoushan Iron Mine.In winter，this system can be used to preheat fresh entrant air to prevent shaft frozen and save energy.
    Techniques of Gangue Backfilling and Reclamation in Subsidence Region of Coal Mined
    CHEN Li-Sheng, LI Xue-Liang
    2014, 43(09):  137-141. 
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    Using coal gangue as the backfill material of building foundation is an effective way of comprehensive treatment of mining area，which not only reduces the environmental pollution of coal gangue but also reduced the foundation construction cost.Components，physical properties，mechanical properties and engineer properties of coal gangue were studied and analyzed by using the methods of laboratory tests and the project.A set of integrated reclamation system was primarily built，including feasibility analysis，reclamation site selection，reclamation site planning，backfilling elevation and soil thickness determination，backfill foundation treatment，reclamation partition and construction，and bearing capacity detection of the foundation.The results showed that to avoid the two-stage deformation influence on foundation stability，a stabilized region should be selected.The partition construction in the project area is adopted to improve the utilization rate of coal gangues.During the process of the foundation treatment，the methods of stratified backfill and multiple vibration treatments are used so that the bearing capacity of coal gangue foundation is far greater than the natural foundation after treatment by vibration and compaction.It is fully able to meet the need of construction project.
    Improved D-S Algorithm of Hazard Identification and Risk Prediction of Underground Mine Water Inrush
    RUAN Zhu-恩, LI Cui-Ping, LI Zhong-Xue
    2014, 43(09):  142-146. 
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    In view of uncertain factors and time-location randomness in underground mine water inrush，the hazard identification and risk prediction of underground mine water inrush was studied by improved D-S (Dempster Shafer） Algorithm，so as to provide effective theoretical support to identify hazard as well as prevent water inrushes.In consideration of natural geological factors，more attention was paid to human factors in mine production management.With expert analysis，the BPA (Basic probability assignment）were governed to the factors which affect underground mine water-inrush.Based on the improved D-S Algorithm，the frame of discernment Ω was proposed which includes water-inrush，critical condition，no water-inrush and uncertain information.And the water-inrush integration decision-making model was established.The evidences of the model were aquifer water-bearing ratio，water-resisting layer thickness ratio，underground water pressure ratio，structure ratio，underground pressure ratio，exploration ratio，mining ratio and preventive management ratio.Finally，in the case of an internal typical underground mine，the results were broadly in line with the actual situation，which showed that the model was feasible and applicable.
    Economic Analysis and Cases of Large-scale Utilization of Tailings
    WANG Hai-Jun, LIU Qiu-Xiao, XU Peng
    2014, 43(09):  147-151. 
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    Huge exploitation of mineral resources results in amounts of discharged tailings.At present，the stock tailings are over ten billion tons in quantity.There are many useful compositions in tailings.Especially in the early years，large quantity of useful tailings were treated as wastes and flowed into tailings pond due to the lower recovery.With the rapid development of economic society，technical progress on mining and concentration process and high price level running of mineral products make large-scale utilization of tailings possible.Now，the key point of large-scale utilization of tailings is the economical efficiency，and more attention should be paid on economic analysis in order to provide a reference for utilization of tailings resources for mining companies.Therefore，an economic model for large scale utilization of tailings was built to testify the conversion of profit-loss of the tailings comprehensive utilization project，which belongs to Tongling Non-ferrous Metals Group Co.，Ltd.，one of Chinese first batch demonstration base，due to the price falling of mineral product.The conclusion is that present price of mineral products is the critical factor of determining large-scale utilization of tailings.It is suggested that Chinese government should continue to give support on taxes and fiscal policy concerned to tailings utilization，to help companies to overcome the difficulties and to realize the effective integration of natural benefit，economic benefit，environmental benefit，and social benefit in the industry of tailings utilization.
    Research and Application of Dry Recycling Technology of High Viscous Valuable Dust in Large Crushing System
    SHEN Ze-Xing, YUAN Mei-Fang, SONG Jia-Ni
    2014, 43(09):  152-155. 
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    The dust from crushing workshop of a mine in humid climate area of Southern China is highly humid and highly viscous.The traditional wet dust collection processing has feature of huge investment，high energy consumption，and large difficulty in operation and maintenance.Also，it only considers the dust removal，and fails to recover valuable materials，even increases costs in secondary pollution treatment，resulting in serious waste of resources.The traditional dry bag dust removal process need to paste bags，leading to be difficult in cleaning the dust，so it is not suitable for highly humid and highly viscous dust purification.Aiming at the existing drawbacks above，the dry bag dust collection process is adopted to purify the highly humid and highly viscous dust，which breaks through the technical bottleneck of the traditional dry bag dust removal technology.The new waterproof and anti-oil filter is developed to find an effective solution in cleaning dust which are not solved by pasting bag for high humid and high viscous dust.The chute and pump are used to realize cyclic utilization of collected duct and recover valuable metals，which not only reduces the costs in secondary pollution treatment，but also brings handsome economic benefits.Therefore，a new breakthrough is achieved in the field of dust removal.
    A New Technology about Dry Storage of Copper Tailings
    REN Zhuang-Lin, LIU Zhen, GAO Qing-Shou
    2014, 43(09):  156-159. 
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    The current situation of copper tailings was firstly introduced，and the existing disposal methods of copper tailings were summarized briefly.Aiming at the existing problems in the disposals of copper tailings，and with the purpose of realizing copper tailings disposal，a more reasonable and new dry storage technology of copper tailings under the present conditions was determined by the process of thickening and dewatering following by classification of coarse particles and fine particles.Secondly，the main equipment used in the dry storage technology was described in brief，and the contrast of this technique with other technologies was made from aspects of the scope of application，process and economy etc.The practice proved that through the technical processing on the copper tailings，the water content of coarse tailings can be controlled below 18%，and the water content of fine tailings below 23%.The tailings can be transported by the belt conveyor or automobile directly，which fully meet the requirements of dry storage.Compared with the conventional processing，this dry storage technology have advantages of less investment，lower operating costs and better dry storage effect，simply repairing and maintenance and so on.It is a kind of dry storage technique of being technically impossible and economically reasonable.This technology has a reference for the other similar mine.
    Land Reclamation and Vegetation Reconstruction of Dahongshan Iron Mine of Kunsteel
    XIAO Bin, FAN Yu-Hua, LI Jun, YANG Guang-Shu, QIN Long-Jiang, Wu-Xian-Wen
    2014, 43(09):  160-164. 
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    Till now，the exploitation of Dahongshan iron ore of Kunming Iron and Steel has caused damage to the ecological environment within the mining area.To ensure sustainable development of the ecological environment and the mining production，land reclamation within the mining area were made by Dahongshan Iron Mine.Through analysis of different landforms and ecological damage at different altitude within mining area of Dahongshan Iron Mine，the mines are classified according to different terrain corresponding to different climatic conditions.The appropriate land reclamation measures and the biological configuration approach are proposed for different terrain and different vegetation systems for vegetation construction.For slopes and platforms，nurseries，forest，mixture drilling of tree，shrub and grass，mix sowing of shrub and grass，and creepers are proposed.By this method，the waste rock dump with site area of 83.11 hm2 can realize land reclamation rate of 99.80% to maximize social，ecological and economic benefits.Combined with domestic and international mining experiences，recommendation on mine ecological restoration and environment protection is given.
    Preparation of Ultrafine PbO Powders with Lead Smelting Dust
    YANG Xie, LI Hong-Xu, LI Chao, WANG Shuai, WANG Yu-Yue
    2014, 43(09):  165-171. 
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    A lead dust of bottom blowing furnace，Henan province，contains Pb 44.99%，which can be used as significant resource for preparing high quality ultrafine PbO powders.The optimal technological condition for preparing ultrafine PbO powders are investigated by adopting the process of sulfuric acid roasting-sodium chloride leaching-lead oxide precursor synthesis-generation of lead oxide powder.The results showed that the removing rate of Pb，Cd，As reached 2.67%，96.98%，100.00% through the process of pre-treatment of sulfuric acid roasting-water leaching process，preliminarily removing the impurities of Pb，Cd，As.The leaching rate of Pb and Cd were 97.89% and 98.12% separately by sodium chloride leaching acid process.The conversion rate of Pb was 97.88% by PbO precursor synthesis process.The product crystal morphology was thoroughly changed during generation process of PbO powder，and the product had short clavite sponge porous microstructure，with length of less than 2 μm and PbO of 98.31%，which is considered as high quality of ultrafine PbO powders.To sum up，this process provides a new idea for recycling of lead dust and preparation of ultrafine PbO powders.
    Iron Recovery from Qibaoshan Iron Ore Tailing by Reduction Roasting-Magnetic Separation Process
    LIU Hong-Zhao, WANG Wei, WANG Shou-Jing, Cao-Yao-Hua, GAO Zhao-Guo
    2014, 43(09):  172-176. 
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    The mineral composition of Qibaoshan iron ore tailing with Fe grade of 38.74% is complicated,and the main iron mineral is goethite.The experiments were conducted for efficient utilization of iron in tailings,by adopting the process of reduction roasting-low intensity magnetic separation.The results showed that the metallization ratio and the grade of iron powder increased with the increasing of reduction temperature,reduction time and the addition of coal powder.The iron concentrate with total iron content of 88.80% at a recovery rate of 92.28% was obtained under conditions of the reduction temperature at 1 250 ℃,reduction time for 60 min,the addition of coal 15%,the grinding fineness of -325 mesh 58.80% and the magnetic field intensity 88 kA/m.The microscopic structure analysis of roasting product showed that with the reaction time extending,the fine iron particle,which is formed in initial period of the reduction reaction,would grow constantly.When reduction time was more than 60 min,the growth of iron particle was not obvious.With the enhancing of reduction temperature,the growth of iron particle was more obvious.The particle size of iron particle reached 100 μm when the reduction temperature was 1 250 ℃.The fine gangue,wrapped in the iron particle,was a main obstacle for the large increasing of iron concentrate grade.
    Effect of Steel Slag Powder Addition on Properties of High Strength Tailings Concrete
    CUI Xiao-Wei, NI Wen
    2014, 43(09):  177-180. 
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    In order to study the effect of dosage of steel slag powder on high strength tailings concrete，the fluidity of cementitious concrete strength is conducted using steel slag powder，with specific surface area of 5 950 cm2/g，to replace the same amount of basic cementitious material，with specific surface area of 5 137 cm2/g，which is prepared by cascade grinding products with iron tailings，slag，cement clinker and natural gypsum in proportion of 40∶26∶26∶8，and then the original iron tailings as aggregate with equal quality，the concrete strength are tested.The results show that，addition of steel slag powder improved the fluidity of the system to some extent，and had a negative effect on the strength of concrete at early stage.That hydration of steel slag power acts slowly and releases sustainably made the strength of concrete increased significantly later，while the dosage of steel slag powder should not exceed 20%.The SEM analysis on the products shows that，whether mixed with steel slag powder or not，the tailings concrete has hydration products of ettringite and C-S-H gel，during the middle and later stage of the hardening process，the coordinated growth of C-S-H gel and ettringite can increase the strength of the system. 