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    15 April 2015, Volume 44 Issue 04
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    Discussion on the Methods for Determining the Height of Fractured Water-conducting Zone
    LI Hong-Jie, LI Ling, LI Jian, JIANG Peng, SHU Zong-Yun
    2015, 44(04):  1-6. 
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    The height of fractured water-conducting zone is the important parameter for determining waterproof coal pillar and evaluating the coal mining safety under the water，and has the important practical value for the safety in production of coal mine，water preserved mining and ecological protection.The empirical formula method，field measurement method，physical simulation and numerical simulation method of fractured water-conducting zone determination is summarized and compared.The practical conditions，advantages and disadvantages of various methods were summarized.The comprehensive observation and detection of two methods or more is recommended to verify each other.The field water leakage observation and borehole TV are used as the main methods，and the geophysical detection method as auxiliary means are determined the height of water-conducting zone.The physical simulation or numerical simulation method are also as the auxiliary to make the dynamic study on overburden strata failure law from the plane and three-dimensional perspective，forming the integrated exploration and analysis methodology from point to plane and to space.The research results provide an important basis and technical support for the coal pillar design and safety mining under water.
    Pressure Relief Mechanism at Upper Protective Layer Mining in Liangzhuang Coal Mine and Numerical Simulation of Protection Scope
    LU Ming-Xing
    2015, 44(04):  7-11. 
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    With 3213，3214 working face of protective layer in Liangzhuang Coal Mine as the engineering background，the pressure relief mechanism of upper protection layer is analyzed.In order to determine the protection scope of the lower coal seam after upper protective layer mined.FLAC3D numerical simulation software was used to simulate the protective layer mining under actual geological conditions.Research shows that：with the increase of mining scope of protective layer，a certain range of coal strata on the floor is showing as in pressure relief at internal goaf with obvious effect in pressure relief zone.The range of pressure relief zone increases gradually.The stress distribution shows as the “U” type gradually from “V” type.Stress concentration at the boundary is gradually increased，and its peak stress and range is also increased；Through the comprehensive experience method and the pressure relief criteria，a reasonable arrangement of 3414 working face was determined.The open-off cut located at 19 m from 3414 working face internal misaligned with 3214 working face，the mining line stopped at 19 m，and the coal lane is at 17 m in turn.
    Research of Mining Induced Subsidence Law of Thick Loess layer
    LIU Yi-Xin, LIAN Yu-Guang, LI Shao-Gang
    2015, 44(04):  12-14. 
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    It is important for coal pillar mining under buildings，railways and water-bodies and perfecting coal mining subsidence prediction theory to study mining-induced subsidence law of thick loess layer.Based on 6204 working face of Yangwangou Coal Mine，borehole TV detection equipment and real-time monitoring equipment for measure points subsidence value were used respectively，to detect inner mining induced fracture and reveal subsidence law of thick loess layer.It shows that thick loess layer has good integrity，and has no inner mining-induced fracture.Furthermore，it is obtained that thick loess subsidence as a whole，whose subsidence value approximately equal to surface subsidence value，and keeps in step with the surface.
    Evaluation Software System of Land Damage Degree Induced by Mining Subsidence
    KUANG Wei, SHI Dai, LIU Li-Zhong, JIANG Sheng
    2015, 44(04):  15-17. 
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    in view of some problems like huge work-load and easy-to-mistaken in evaluation of the land damage degree caused in subsidence area，based on prediction of rock movement， factors，a multi-factor evaluation system is established.The classification criteria of land damage degree are designed.The evaluation method of the land damage degree is proposed based on probability and statistics.The software system for the evaluation of land damage degree for mining subsidence area based on Windows platform is developed.So the evaluation becomes more scientific and reliable，and the work efficiency is significantly increased.
    Influence Analysis of Coal Mining to Houxi Railway and Design of Protective Coal Pillar
    LIU Ming, ZHANG Feng
    2015, 44(04):  18-20. 
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    Tangshan Research Institute,China Coal Technology & Engineering Group，Tangshan 063000，China A large number of cracks appear after the coal resources are mined out according to the design of protective coal pillar under Houxi railway in Wangcun coal mine，leading to subsidence and crack in local sections of Houxi railway roadbed.This affects the stability of roadbed and the stable operation of the train.In order to make sure the design of protective coal pillar under railway more scientific and reasonable，the reasons for cracks are analyzed.Due to the special geological conditions，including the small depth，thin bedrock，less plastic of Quaternary loess layer，and the failure of coal pillars resulted from the mining of 13506 working face to reach full-scale mining，the surface movement and deformation increased，and surface cracks are well developed.According to the analysis，the proactive coal pillar will be re-planned.
    Analysis of Influence of Gob's Key Strata Movement on Mine Earthquake Magnitude
    CHEN Xue-Hua, LIU Feng-Chao
    2015, 44(04):  21-25. 
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    In order to effectively prevent mine earthquake induced by key strata movement in the gob，and according to actual data in the field，the size of fracture region in overlying key strata of the gob is simulated with application of the finite element numerical simulation software.Accordingly，the cause for influencing the earthquake magnitude of 103up04 working face in Baodian coal mine is:fracture and instability of key strata which constituted by fine standstone and middle standstone that are hard or dense at the coal seam floor about 100~220 m，and the size of the fracture region corresponds to the earthquake magnitude.Based on the occurrence of actual magnitude in the 103up04 coal face，the preventing measures are put forward:the deep hole large diameter blasting at the behind of coal face is applied to improve the stress state of rock mass and a large amount of elastic energy accumulated in key strata is released.Thid method can effectively stop the whole movement of key strata，thus，reduce the occurrence frequency of disaster and the intensity of the mine earthquake.
    Research on Surface Movement Regularity During Coal Mining under Thick Igneous Rock
    HAN Yong-Bin, GAO Jun-Hai
    2015, 44(04):  26-30. 
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    Coal mining under thick igneous rock may cause the serious geological disaster because of the hardness of igneous rock and difficulty in caving.In order to study the surface subsidence law of coal mining under the igneous rock，and solve the problems induced by mining，such as surface damage and building protection，the surface movement observation stations were established.According to the distribution of igneous rock thickness，combining with numerical simulation，it is found that the igneous rocks with the underlying stratum subsided as a whole.Then，the mining surface subsidence with no igneous rock was gained by using the rock movement prediction software，and compared with the actual observed results to analyze the surface subsidence law during coal mining under thick igneous rock.
    Experimental Research on Deformation and Failure of Expressway Influenced by Coal Mining Subsidence
    DENG Wei-Nan, ZHANG Hua-Xing, JIA Lin-Gang
    2015, 44(04):  31-35. 
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    The deformation and failure laws of expressway subgrade and pavement influenced by coal mining subsidence have been researched by the similar model experiment.The results showed that，the deformation of subgrade along with ground is continuous，gradually and regularly changed，and the developed cracks inside the subgrade will approach or even be compacted gradually with the working face advance; Before the failure of pavement occurs，the gap has been formed between pavement and subgrade and vertical cracks have been developed inside the pavement.In conclusion，subsidence of the pavement is not consistent with that of the subgrade and ground.It is put forward that roadbase fracture is the sign that the expressway is destroyed.The mechanical formulas as the fracture failure criterions of expressway have been derived for interpreting the deformation and failure mechanism of expressway influenced by coal mining subsidence by using linear elastic fracture mechanics.
    Internal Temperature Field Analysis of Waste Piles Based on Temperature Field Superposition
    WANG Hai-Juan, HU Zhen-Qi, XIA Qing, XU Li-Jiang, ZHANG Yan
    2015, 44(04):  36-39. 
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    In order to explore the internal temperature of spontaneous combusting waste piles varying with time and depth，the depth and time of waste piles spontaneous combustion was detected and early warned.The temperature field superposition is adopted to analyze its internal temperature field based on the heat conduction theory model.According to the real field simulation，the experimental data are analyzed and calculated with the temperature field model.The results shows that:the model can be used in analyzing and calculating the internal temperature field of spontaneous combusting waste piles，with easy operation.The error is controlled below 10 ℃，and the maximum error is 20 ℃.With a high precision，the model provides an important guide to detect and warn the firing location of spontaneous combusting waste piles.
    Study on Technical System of Resistance to Mining Influence in Highway Tunnels
    WANG Le-Jie, ZHOU Jin-Hua
    2015, 44(04):  40-43. 
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    A tunnel is an important structure of the highway.It will cover a great amount of coal resources when going above mining areas.It is in urgent need to harmonize between exploring the covered coal and construction of the tunnels.Accordingly，beginning with the study of the tunnel lining structure，the surrounding rock grade and the design parameter，the ability to resist the mining influence of tunnels themselves is analyzed.Besides，a technical system of resisting the mining influence in highway tunnels is provided based on the analysis of the tunnel initial support，the secondary lining，the inverted arch and water-proof layer materials.A series of measures are taken to ensure the operation safety of tunnels and exploring the covered coals.
    Test and Parameters of Curtain Grouting for the Tectonic Fissured Water-rich Deposits
    YANG Zhu, WANG Jun, ZHAO Qia
    2015, 44(04):  44-47. 
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    Due to the complex aquifer-medium among structural fissured water-rich deposits，there are great difficulties in construction and high risk of water gushing-out，so it is hard to realize the water prevention and control.As a reference from the water control experiences of water-rich deposit in karst，the curtain grouting technology for water control at the surface of mine is adopted to treat the groundwater disaster in fissured water-rich deposit at tectonic volcanic rocks in Huangtun pyrites.According to the full-scale test of curtain grouting，and through analyzing water permeability of curtain-grouting before and after grouting，the water pressure test，the drilling core exposure before and after grouting，it is proved that after the high-pressure grout injection for fractured formation in volcanic rocks，water-conducting channel with large structure and micro-fractures can be effectively filled，with remarkable grouting effect.So，this method can be as a reference for the same type of deposit.
    Determination of the Maximum Principal Stress and In-situ Stress Level in Maoping Lead-zinc Mine
    ZHOU Gao-Ming
    2015, 44(04):  48-51. 
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    In order to preliminarily understand the in-situ stress state in Maoping lead-zinc mine，the methods such as geological structure acting and Kaiser effect of acoustic emission were used to analyze the principal stress of mine.On that basis，the level of in-situ stress was judged.The research results showed that the maximum principal stress direction of Maoping lead-zinc mine ranged from N60° to 70°W and from N45° to 50°W，and the value of the maximum principal stress is about 12.14 MPa.Taking the stress ratio of rock strength as the criteria of judgment，it is considered that the in-situ stress of Maoping lead-zinc mine exist a development trend from low ground stress to high ground stress.
    Research on the Fissure Development Characteristic of Sandy Loam：A Case from Houcun Region of Ruhe
    TAO Hai-Liang, LI Xue-Qiang
    2015, 44(04):  52-55. 
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    As a form of discontinuous surface damage caused by coal mining，fissures are influenced by mining intensity，stratigraphic structure，surface properties，and other factors.Based on Houcun region of Ruhe as an example，the experimental study on sandy loam fissures development characteristics under the influence of underground mining are carried out.The result of soil physical mechanical properties test and theoretical calculation show that the structure of sandy loam is loose with low cohesive force and abundant joints，resulting that the sandy loam is more likely to produce mining fissures than clay，and the limit depth of fissures in sandy loam is greater than that in clay.At the same time，the reasons that the shapes of fissures in plane are strings of beads and that in depth is in mouth shapes are analyzed.The result will provide technical support for mining and ground buildings protection in similar geological and mining conditions.
    Constructed Wetlands Technologies in Suburb Mining Subsidence Seeper Area：A Case Study in South Lake of Tangshan
    LU Ye-Jiang, LI Shu-Zhi
    2015, 44(04):  56-60. 
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    In order to solve problems of ecological treatment in suburb mining subsidence seeper area，the characteristics of suburb mining subsidence damage and the requirement for city development are comprehensively analyzed.Taking construction of Tangshan Nanhu artificial wetland as a case，some issues including unstable water areas，lack of water resource and water pollution during the construction processes of artificial wetland are solved，and lake is enlarged to form stable wetland area.Water balance analysis indicates that the construction of artificial wetland provides reliable water resources.The water holding ability can be improved by adopt such technical measures as plugging the sewage draining，landscape greening on wastes，internal water cycling models in wetland.So，ecological environment in south mining subsidence area of Tangshan is profoundly improved.The research results provide a reference for ecological treatment in similar suburb mining subsidence seeper area.
    Study on Dynamic Reclamation Mode of Chaoguo Open Pit Mine
    ZHANG Bing-Tao, LIU Yan-Zhang, LI Hai-Long, ZHANG Qun, LU Pei-Pei, LIU Wei
    2015, 44(04):  61-65. 
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    To better improve and restore the ecological environment damaged by mining of Chaoguo open pit mine，a dynamic reclamation mode is proposed based on natural conditions，mining technique conditions and ecological damage prediction of the mining area.The dynamic reclamation mode makes the reclamation work dynamically throughout the entire process of mining project.Reclamation planning，dynamic reclamation advance and comprehensive reclamation work of stope，dump，transport roads and industrial site are respectively carried out at different stages of design，construction and production and closure of mining.Reclamation effect evaluation and supplementary reclamation will be made after the end of initial stage of reclamation.Especially during the stripping and mining in stope，spray seeding technique and the soil covering planting method are applied for dynamic reclamation of stope steps，making the stope reclamation and mining work synchronously.Aimed at the existing problems in the reclamation of mine area，the dynamic reclamation mode and the mining afterwards reclamation mode are separately used and compared in the area reclamation.The results show that the former can complete the reclamation earlier with better effect，so it′s suggested that the mining area be restored by taking the dynamic reclamation mode from now on.
    Goaf Stability Evaluation and Treatment Technology of Underlying Multi-layer Inclined Coal Mine in a Coal Dressing Plant
    ZHANG Gang-Yan
    2015, 44(04):  66-70. 
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    Research status on the stability evaluation and control technology of coal goaf foundation is introduced.General situation of buildings in coal dressing plant of Chengde Xinlong Mining Co.，Ltd.and mined-out area are analyzed to evaluate the threatening of mined-out area existence to the construction and use of buildings.Through calculating the relationship between the building load influence depth and the fracture zone height，the coal goaf that needs to be treated are determined，and the goaf governance design is proposed.Finally，the testing such as drilling and exploration indicated that the actual grouting effect is good，the assessment and design scheme of mined-out area can well provide guidance for the goaf grouting treatment and construction project.
    Discussion on Surface Subsidence Coefficient of Small Mining Face
    CHENG Shu, SUI Bing-Bing, WANG Tao
    2015, 44(04):  71-73. 
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    In production practice，influenced by coal mining technology，geological conditions and other factors，the working face cannot achieve full mining at the same time in coal seam strike or dip.So，the issue faced is how to convert some calculation parameters of probability integral method under the condition of small face mining into parameters under full or close to full mining conditions.Also，correction in factor of subsidence is the key to calculate the parameters by small-face probability integration method.After contrast on calculating parameters of different working faces under similar geological conditions，it is indicated that the correction rules of existing subsidence coefficient is applicable to this mining area.
    Technology of Dewatering and Controlling for High Strength of Mining under Deep Composite Water in Mengxi
    ZHANG Yu-Jun
    2015, 44(04):  74-78. 
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    Aiming at characteristics of large mining depth，multilayer aquifer threatening the main coal seam，and high intensity of mining In Nalinhe No.2 mine of Mengxi mining area，based on determination of the type of water disaster，the numerical simulation，physical simulation and experience similarity method were adopted to study the overburden failure height of main coal layer.The law of water aquifers was analyzed，and the “dewatering and control” technology under composite water was proposed.The research results showed that：the water prevention in Mengxi mining mainly exists in coal mining under composite water.It is predicted that the height of failure zone during mining of 3-1 coal in Nalinhe No.2 coal mine was selected as 4.5 times of the caving-height ratio and 15 times of the facture-height ratio.Based on The proposed “dewatering and control” technology，the Cretaceous Zhidan group aquifer chose the “mining under water” scheme，Zhiluo bottom sandstone aquifer took “mining with dewatering”，and Yanan group aquifer adopted the combined scheme of “borehole dewatering or drainage，mining dewatering or drainage，mining after drainage and mining with drainage”.
    The Relations among Ground Fissures' Distribution，Width and Horizontal Deformation over Coal Mining Work Face
    CHEN Ran-Li, LI Liang, ZHANG Lian-Gui, WU Kan
    2015, 44(04):  79-82. 
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    A number of ground fissures frequently occur over coal mining work face.Figuring out the relations between ground fissures' distribution，width and horizontal deformation can contribute to predicting and controlling ground damage caused by fissures.The distribution of ground fissures is studied via field measured data and the relationship among the horizontal distribution and distributive regularities in width of fissures，and the relations between ground fissures and coal mining are obtained.Finally the corresponding fitting formula is given.This research indicates that there are a close relationship between ground deformation and the width of fissures caused by coal mining.Fracture zones are corresponding to the tensile deformation zones.And，the sum of fissure's width is invariably less than that of horizontal deformation and only a small quantity of horizontal deformations can be reflected through ground fissures.
    Study of Plant Nutritional Characteristics Based on Mine Solid Waste with Different Proportion of Mixture
    SHI He-Fei, XU Hao, ZHAO Shuang, ZHAO Wen-Ting, HU Zhe, YIN Hai-Kui
    2015, 44(04):  83-88. 
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    Great deal of mining solid wastes in China are generated and stored，with low comprehensive utilization rate.It has become a key factor for threatening the mine ecological environment.So，iron ore waste rock was mixed respectively with iron tailings，hill campus soil and farm soil，to prepare different levels of mixed soil，and medicago sativa were planted on these soils for testing.The results show that，the chemical properties of various mixed soils were related to the texture of incorporated fine grained soil，and its the chemical properties were improved with the increasing of fine grained soil (d < 0.075 mm); The performance of iron ore waste rock was more significantly improved by mixing with hill soils，campus soil and farm soil than iron tailings; When the incorporation of fine grained soil in all kinds of mixed soil was about 90% of the waste rock in quality，the nutrient of various mixed soils and growth of medicago sativa have no significant difference，compared with the fine grained soils.
    Surface Movement Law and Rock Strata Failure in Mining of Steeply Inclined Multiple Coal Seams
    YAN Yue-Guan, DAI Hua-Yang, 吕Zhi-Qiang , GUO Jun-Ting, TIAN Xiu-Guo
    2015, 44(04):  89-93. 
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    The overburden failure and surface movement law during mining of the steeply inclined multiple coal seams are different from the gently inclined one.With the similar material simulation，the mining process of steep inclined multiple coal seams in Zhaogezhuang mine is simulated.Through analyzing 7 groups of observed data，the surface movement deformation law and overburden failure at different mining stages were obtained.The simulation results show that the surface subsidence basin has the features of paroxysmal partition subsidence and controlled subsidence distribution pattern.With the increase of the numbers of coal seam mining layer and the expansion of mining depth，the space of rock strata failure is enlarged.The main performance of rock failure is cumulative and paroxysmal.
    Recovery Method of Roof and Bottom Pillars in Mined-out Area with Aid of Filling Body
    SHI Dong-Feng
    2015, 44(04):  94-96. 
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    The residual roof and bottom pillars in mined-out area of shallow-hole shrinkage stope are retrieved，then the treatment measures that dry waste rocks from drilling are filled into the mined-out area are adopted in Suichang Gold Mine.With the aid of the filling body used as drilling，ore removal and other working platforms，the monitoring measure like secondary stress test (photoelastic stressmeter) is applied to retrieve the residual roof and bottom pillars safely.It eliminated the potential hazard in safety，and reduced the accumulation of waste rocks.Hence，a certain social and economic benefit was obtained.
    Safety Analysis of Steeply Inclined Thick Coal Seam with Fully Mechanized Top Coal Caving Mining under Goaf Water
    JIA Li-Ming, ZHANG Yu-Jun
    2015, 44(04):  97-101. 
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    Quaternary gravel aquifer and the goaf water are the main threat of safety mining of steeply inclined thick coal seam with fully mechanized top coal caving mining in Meihe mining area.It is an important problem to be solved.Taking Mitsui 5109 zone as the research area，based on the transient electromagnetic sounding and the goaf water of and the failure height prediction on horizontal overburden of the steeply inclined thick coal seam，abundant coal pillars for the water barrier at F4 fault are set.In the light of the strata movement law，it is calculated that the mining influence in working face spread to the goaf water area.The evaluation shows that:before mining，the elevation of goaf water just declined to +172 m can ensure the safety mining.
    Parameter Optimization of Collapse Blasting in Mined-out Area of East Open-pit Coal Mine
    NI Jing-Feng, CHEN Yue-Ning, WANG Ming-Jun
    2015, 44(04):  102-106. 
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    To eliminate the damage of the mined-out area generated by early small coal mining in Pingsuo East Open Pit Coal Mine to the normal exploitation，blasting drilling holes at mined-out area are detected and pretreated from the view of the origin of the mined-out area.The air interval implements at penetrated hole bottom are adopted to treat the holes by alternating packing with 0.6 m，0.4 m of rock slags.The treated penetrated hole plays a supporting role for massive charges at upper part.In view of problems of low collapse rate and low collapse depth faced in blasting production of the mine，the blasting parameters are optimized.The mathematical statistics and engineering measurement methods are used to contrast the blasting parameters before and after optimization.By changing the borehole-net parameters，charge structure，connection methods and other technical measures，the upper cover layer are collapse and filled into the goaf，thus improving the collapse and blasting effect.The practicality of the optimized blasting parameters is verified，which provides security for subsequent coal mining.
    Mining Technology under Highway of Coal Transportation in Fully Mechanized Top-coal Caving Working Face
    BAI Guo-Liang, GAO Jun-Hai, WANG Guo-Ping
    2015, 44(04):  107-110. 
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    In order to realize safe and high efficient mining under highway,the ground subsidence law and mining technology under highway in loess hilly-gully region were studied deeply through the comprehensive application of the engineering practice,field observation,numerical simulation and theoretical studies.The results showed that：because of the coal seam buried shallowly,the heavy thickness and the low strength of the Quaternary alluvium,the overlying rock strata in stope damaged severely and water conducted zone reaching to surface directly.At the initial of the fully-mechanized top-coal caving，step cracks appear inside of gate roads and outside of the cutting hole.Fracture trend parallel to the stope boundary,with small step throw.When coal mining reach or exceed the full mining,rock mass is cut down as a whole along the coal wall at the mining boundary,and big step cracks appear at the surface.The surface cracks are greatly affected by terrain.The surface cracks are well developed under the action of gravity and coal mining subsidence.The thick soil lager under subgrade can absorb part of the mining subsidence deformation,and this played a certain role in reducing highway damage.The coal pillar for highway safety can be designed by the steps cracks angle,and these pillars are not mined.The highway can run safely with some measures taken.This research provides a reliable reference for coal mining under highway with similar geological conditions.
    Optimal Matching Scheme for the Full Tailings-Cemented Filling Based on the Orthogonal Experiment
    SUN Guang-Hua, WEI Sha-Sha, SU Dong-Liang
    2015, 44(04):  111-113. 
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    In order to acquire the optimal matching scheme of the full tailings-cemented filling body,decrease the filling cost and guarantee the gap stability,and taking the full tailings-cemented filling body as the research object and the uniaxial compressive strength as the research index,the influencing factors for the strengthening of the filling body are comprehensively analyzed.The sensitivity and the significance of filling body′s influencing factors were analyzed by the range analysis and variance analysis through applying orthogonal experiment.Researches showed that the optimal matching scheme of this experiment was the concentration of 75%,cement-sand ratio of 1∶6 and curing period for 28 days.The intensity sequence of the sensitivity affecting the samples from highest to lowest was the curing age,cement-sand ratio and concentration.The curing age has the most significance on the filling bodies′ compressive strength.Therefore,the mine needs to guarantee the curing age about the filling body in the practical production.
    Force Analysis of Pressure-type Cable Based on Mindlin Basic Solution
    YE Hong, CHEN Yan-Ping
    2015, 44(04):  114-118. 
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    In order to further make theoretical study on the anchoring mechanism of pressure-type cable，Mindlin basic solution was referenced that concentrated load was on a semi-infinite body inside，and the approximate solution to normal stress and shear stress in anchoring segment grout of pressure-type cable were derived under the circular uniformly distributed load.On this basis，anchor hole radius，bear plate radius，and Poisson′s ratio on the compressive stress of grout and the shear stress of the contact surface were analyzed.The results showed that：anchor hole radius，bear plate radius had a greater impact，Poisson′s ratio was less affected.The contents of the cable anchoring mechanism were enriched further and the theoretical reference for cable design was provided by the research.
    Analysis of Shaft Lining Temperature Vertical Stress in Deep Topsoil
    HE Peng-Li, GUO Li, WANG Zai-Quan
    2015, 44(04):  119-122. 
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    The shaft lining rupture in deep topsoil is a geological disaster，which seriously harm the coal mine production.Temperature action is an important factor that results in the increasing of vertical wellbore stress and induces the fracture of the shaft lining.In order to analyze the temperature effect of longitudinal expansion on shaft lining in deep alluvium，on the basis of analyzing the interaction between shaft lining and soil，the el-plastic shearing model of the soil and soil shearing was built according to thermodynamics and elastic theory，and the calculation formula of temperature vertical additional stress is induced.Further analysis shows that the temperature vertical additional stress in shaft lining increases with depth continuously，and reached the maximum value near the bedrock.The temperature vertical additional stress displays as an approximate linear increase with the depth of el-plastic shear section cut-off point.These findings contributes to deepening the understanding on the mechanism of shaft lining rupture in deep topsoil，and provides the theoretical basis for the prevention and governance of shaft lining fracture accident.
    Field Measurement on Ground Subsidence and Overburden Failure by High Intensity Fully Mechanized Top-coal Caving Under Thick Loess
    ZHU Wei, TENG Yong-Hai, ZHENG Zhi-Gang
    2015, 44(04):  123-126. 
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    In order to study the law of ground subsidence and overburden failure induced by fully mechanized top coal caving under thick loess，the measurement of surface subsidence and deformation and the height of overburden failure are detected through the establishment of ground observation stations and hydro-geological drilling exploration in surface.A great number of field data from ground observation stations and hydro-geological drilling exploration are collected.It is shown that ground subsidence under fully-mechanized caving of thick loess moved intensively with steep subsidence curve.The converge of subsidence and deformation curve at the edge of basis grows slowly.Maximum subsidence velocity is higher，and mining influence scope is much too far away.The detection of overlying rocks damage indicates that the overburden failure is developed abnormally in mining with fully-mechanized top-coal caving system，and the height of the water conducted zone is directly proportional to the total mining thickness.The ratio of the fracture height and the mining thickness is obtained to be 19.75 at average.The research can provide technical support for controlling surface mining damage and roof water inrush in coal mining under water in loess region.
    Experimental Study on Mining Influence in Coal Mining Area with Loose Sand Bed
    LIU Li-Zhong, LI Hu-Min, JIANG Sheng
    2015, 44(04):  127-131. 
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    The development and sustainability of intensive coal mines are restricted seriously by the coal mining under villages，which needed to be addressed.The current method is to relocate the involved villages，but there are some disadvantages such as high cost，lack of land and the residents′ reluctance to move.Therefore，reconstruction of the villagers′ houses before mining in the would-be subsidence area serves as a new way to prevent the coal mining under villages.In Xiaojihan Coal Mine，the observation of building anti-deformation and surface movement are made respectively in the testing building and the observation stations in order to make experimental study on the mining effect and mining without relocation.The result shows that the villagers′ houses with anti-deformation structure could be resistant to the mining influence.It is feasible to make mining without relocation in the mining area with good application value.
    Monitor and Analysis of the Stability of Stope in Concrete Pillar with Subsequent Filling
    ZHANG Xiao-Pu, GUAN Zai-Ping, WANG Hu-Xin, ZHANG Da, ZHOU Lei
    2015, 44(04):  132-136. 
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    In order to improve resource recovery in Xinglong phosphate mine，the two steps of cementing fill of pillar following by waste rocks backfilling at stope room are adopted.To ensure safety of operations，verify the strength of cemented pillar，and to optimize stope structural parameters，the stereo and dynamic stress of cementing pillar and roof overburden is monitored by the combination of micro-seismic monitoring and point monitoring in local.By analyzing the data of stress，strain and displacement in the mining process，the advance distance away from the impact at working face is determined to be 20 m; When mining stope span is about 36 m，the accumulated stress at roof overburden is large，mainly resulting in caving in partial roof.However，stress induced by stope roof movement is much less than the strength of cement concrete pillar，no damage on cementing pillar appeared.The results show that the two-step mining method with subsequent filling and the stope structural parameters can ensure the stability of the stope.The monitoring method can be used to evaluate stope stability timely and accurately，and provide guidance for the safe and efficient mining.
    Research on the Technology of Complex Multilayer Goaf Treatment for No.104 Ore-body in Fozi Mine
    YE Peng, WANG Wen-Jie, QIAN Li, GONG Han-Lin, PAN Chun-Yan
    2015, 44(04):  137-141. 
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    After years of short-hole shrinkage mining at No.104 ore-body in Fozi Mine，a lot of goafs and pillars have been left behind at the upper ore-body.Due to the disorder treatment in the early stage，goaf with complex situations was formed，which seriously threatened the safety mining of the lower ore-body.In order to produce a scientific goaf treatment measure and realize pillar recovery，the pillars stability of No.104 ore-body is analyzed combining the numerical calculation with the theoretical method，and safety factors for remained pillars at each goaf are determined.On the basis of comprehensive analysis of goaf treatment and pillar stoping，and combining with the present technology，the integral scheme of caving and backfilling was proposed.Numerical simulation on the integral scheme by software FLAC3D shows that this scheme makes upper surrounding rock at stress concentration zone fully remove and collapse，and makes goaf filled to achieve the pressure relief and rock movement controlling by pillar and roof caving.This scheme can effectively eliminate the hidden trouble of goaf，and provide a guidence for the treatment of goaf in a safe，economic and reasonable way.
    Maintenance and Reinforcement Schemes of Sanlian Railway Bridge Under the Influence of Mining
    TIAN Ying-Bin
    2015, 44(04):  142-145. 
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    In order to realize the safety service of the railway bridge influenced by mining，the probability integral method was used to predict the movement and deformation values of the Sanlian railway bridge at the S2S7 working face during mining.Based on this，the effect of subsidence，inclination and horizontal deformation on structure of railway bridge was analyzed.The results showed that the wetted cross section height under the railway bridge is in accord with the requirement of criterion，the longitudinal inclination of the bridge beam did not influence the driving，and the horizontal inclination met the requirement of the criterion by adjusting the orbit plane，so it cannot influence the stability of the bridge pier.The longitudinal compression of the bridge did not affect the use，but the tensile deformation of the bridge lateral basis reached Class III，resulting that the bridge foundation may suffer the great damage.In view of this，the design which adopted the flat steel to strengthen the bridge pier and abutment was proposed，and the safety measures for the normal service of the bridge were put forward.The practice showed that the strengthened railway bridge can bear the mining influence of S2S7 working face，to achieve the safety coal mining under railway bridge.
    Study on Mining Damage Evaluation Method for Shaft
    YI Si-Hai
    2015, 44(04):  146-149. 
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    At present，there is lack of the quantitative evaluation method for mining damage of shaft at home and abroad.It is easy to produce hidden danger for shaft′s mining design and protection.Thus，the form and characteristics of shaft′s mining damage are summarized.And also，according to the relationship of shaft lining damage and wall rock deformation，the scientific and feasible evaluation method and index of mining damage are established which aims at the concrete and reinforced concrete shaft lining.With the relationship of vertical deformation between shaft lining and wall rock as the main evaluation index，the calculation formula of vertical compression deformation damage of surface soil and bedrock section shaft lining are established separately.Through the example analysis on shaft mining damage，the reliability of the evaluation method and index are corroborated.The research solves the problems in safety evaluation of shaft mining damage，and supplies the safe and reliable technical support for safety design of shaft coal pillar mining.
    Construction and Protection Technology of Wind Farms Engineering in Mining Influencing Area
    GUO Ke-Yi, YI Si-Hai, TENG Yong-Hai
    2015, 44(04):  150-153. 
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    The wind farms built in the pressure-covered mine exist great security risks，which are affected by the underground mining.The security protection technology system of fans with the integration of avoidance，resistance，monitoring and repairing，is proposed typically，according to the analysis of mining and deformation characteristics of the fan which is the main structure in wind farms.Combining the conditions of surface and underground，the principle of priority selection for fans is proposed，and the anti deformation construction technique measures for fans are put forwards.Mainly aiming at the lean of fans，the mining deformation observation for fans is designed.The basic rectification and repair measures that are suitable for fans are proposed，in view of safety risk that fans might lean too much affected by mining.The research will actualize the long term safe operation of wind farms built on the mining influence area without protective coal pillar.It starts an effective technical way for building wind farms in the pressure mine，with high application value.
    Expansion Cause Analysis of the Abnormal Scope of Surface Crack Induced by the Mining Influence
    ZHANG Feng
    2015, 44(04):  154-156. 
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    During the normal mining activity at the 6208 working face outside of protective coal pillar in village in No.2 Mining Area of Danhou coal mine in Yuzhou mine，the development scope of ground fissure on one side of the face near the village appeared abnormal expansion，and the village buildings at surface crack expanding area appeared serious damage.Through analyzing in detail the location and the characteristics of the surface crack growth，and combining with ground fissure rules，mining conditions and ground formation condition，the comprehensive crack angle of 6208 working face near the village was determined.The ground fracture development and the causes for the scope expanding of the village damage were studied by the methods of analogy and elimination.It is concluded that the northeastern 6208 working face in Danhou Coal Mine is the fault development zone of the upper reversed fault.Rock fractures in fault zone result in the hardness of rock reduced and the structure loosened.So，the original propagation law by mining influence is changed，leading to the expansion of the surface crack development and the village building damage.
    Response Law of Lithology Deterioration on Slope Stability of Open-pit Mines
    XIN Bao-Quan, TAN Qin-Wen, XIE Yu-Jia, WANG Yong-Qiang, WAN Lu
    2015, 44(04):  157-161. 
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    In view of the fact that lithology deterioration condition leads to the decline of slope stability，and with a slope of open-pit mine as the research object，the internal defects of landslide were detected by SIR-20 geological radar，and the change law of slope stability under the condition of different lithology was analyzed with Slide software.Results showed that：slope lithology deterioration is caused by the interaction of weak interlayer，the rainfall infiltration and the blasting dynamic load，which lead to the slope sliding and instability in the late; c value reduction is the main mechanical performance in the process of lithology deterioration; Safety factor and c value showed as a partial parabola relationship，and the reduced c value 50 kPa is the critical value of slope instability under special working conditions.According to a comprehensive analysis of mine operating characteristics and the lithology deterioration condition，a proposal to improve its permanent stability by decreasing the upper quaternary bench slope angle and final slope angle is put forward.It is proven that the safety factor could meet the requirements.The results provide an important basis for safety mining and determining slope control parameters in the late.
    Fire Prevention Technology of Mined-out Area under the Fully Mechanized Caving for Extremely Thick Spontaneous Combustion Coal Seam
    QI Xu-Peng, HAO Chao-Yu, WANG Xue-Feng, LI Wen-Bo, HE Fei
    2015, 44(04):  162-165. 
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    During the process of fully mechanized caving for extremely thick coal seam,there are some issues to be solved,such as slow advance in working face,great amount of left-over coal in mined-out area,serious leakage,and easy to be spontaneous combustion,so the seepage flow and diffusion mathematical model for the fully mechanized caving of the extremely thick seam was built.With the use of features of 22# goaf at -380 m front of Fuli Mine,corresponding assumptions on the mined-out area in extremely thick coal seam were made,and the spontaneous combustion “three zones” in mined-out area were divided,ultimately determining that the oxidation zone away from the working face was within the range of from 25 m to 60 m.According to the numerical simulation,fire prevention measures of nitrogen injection and grouting were adopted,with good effects obtained.Meanwhile,data fitting with the field data in working face was made to verify the effect of fire prevention measures.It can be better to achieve the purpose of fire prevention.
    Stability Analysis of Capacity Increase and Heightening Progress of Qidashan Waste Dump
    LI Chuan-Lin, WANG Yong-Zeng, WANG Rui
    2015, 44(04):  166-168. 
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    Due to the increase of open-pit exploration and shortage of land resources，the firms have to increase capacity in old dumps，that induced the security problem increasingly prominent.Taking a waste dump of Qidashan Iron Mine as a case，the feasibility for the capacity increase and heightening of the dump was analyzed.With the use of mechanical parameters obtained from the indoor experiments，slope model of waste dump was established based on the engineering geological investigation.The limit equilibrium method was adopted to calculate the slope safety factor of a dump without ground water or under low water，high water level in Qidashan Iron Mine，which is located on bedrock or clay layer，and obtain the influencing law of groundwater on mine slope safety.Especially when the dump is located in the clay layer，the slope safety factor falls rapidly as the underground water level raises，which seriously influences the slope safety.Through analyzing the slope stability at dump height of from 180 m to 230 m，it is shown that，within the range of from 180 m to 220 m，the dump safety coefficient is declined from 1.122 to 1.116，and at 230 m，the safety factor is increased to 1.142.The law of the slope stability under the changes of the water level and slope height provides a powerful basis for the slope safety evaluation and the determination of the regulation scheme.
    Analysis and Suggestion on the Problem of Comprehensive Treatment in Subsidence Region Induced by Coal Mining
    LI Tai-Qi, GAO Rong-Jiu
    2015, 44(04):  169-172. 
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    China is the largest coal producer.Due to the long term coal mining，a series of problems such as surface subsidence，building collapse，farmland damage，environmental deterioration，and bad relationship between worker and farmer appear in the mining area and the surrounding，which affects the economic development and social stability seriously.Although China has done a lot of work and achieved remarkable effects，there are still many problems need to be solved because of great difficulty and heavy task.On the basis of the collection of the relevant information for the comprehensive management of coal mining subsidence area，the principle，focuses and status quo of control technology for coal mining subsidence area are analyzed from two regions of the east and the west.In-depth study on issues in the implementation of the coal villages relocation and the integrated management of land subsidence and their impact are carried out.Then，some proposals and suggestion are put forward in terms of policy，models，technology in site selection，planning，implementation related to the village relocation and comprehensive management of land.The research provides reference for solving the problems about mining subsidence.
    Recent Progress on Parameter Inversion of Probability Integral Method
    ZHU Xiao-Jun, GUO Guang-Li, FANG Qi
    2015, 44(04):  173-177. 
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    Probability integral method is the main method of predicting mining subsidence，and its prediction accuracy directly depends on the accuracy of the parameters.How to use the right methods to accurately and stablly calculate the expected parameters is the key issue in practical application.The probability integral method commonly used in parameter inversion is summarized and the advantages and disadvantages of various methods are analyzed.Then the global search ability of genetic algorithm applied in parameter calculation is emphatically introduced.Finally，the existing problems and the further research tasks in the probability integral method to predict parameters are put forword from the aspects of error，and principles and scope，parameters correlation in probability integral method and the nonlinear of the model.
    Application of the Gauss Function Model in Data Processing of Deformation Monitoring
    WANG Jiang-Rong
    2015, 44(04):  178-181. 
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    With characteristics of simple structure，high precision，and high operability，a gauss function model of predicting deformation data for dams is set up to overcome the shortcomings of the existing methods.The main function of ga（) in the genetic algorithm toolbox(MATLAB) is adopted to calculate the initial value of model coefficient，and then the fminsearch function in search toolbox is used to obtain the final value of model coefficient.16 sets of observation data are used to make modeling，and 4 groups of deformation data are used to test the model.The testing results show that the model has high accuracy，and its prediction is far better than other existing prediction model.This new model provides a new method and new idea for deformation prediction.
    A New Method of Layout Mode of Surface Movement Observation Station in Mountain Area
    ZHANG Guang-Wei
    2015, 44(04):  182-185. 
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    Restricted by topographical condition，it is difficult to build regular observation station and adopt traditional measuring method in the mining areas in southwest of China.A new method for layout of observation station in mountain area is present.Firstly，the irregular observation station under the complex topographical conditions is laid out，through the construction of parameters model for arbitrary observation line.Then，the GPS technique and the traditional measurement method are combined to optimize the observation station.Finally，the principles of the new observant method and the main steps of observation are described.Practice shows that，this method can well adapt to the mountain areas with complex terrain conditions，and provide the foundation for better research on surface movement and deformation in mountain area.
    Application of Modern Prospecting Technology in Finding Coalfield Fires in Eastern Inner Mongolia
    JI Hong-Tai, LIANG Lu
    2015, 44(04):  186-190. 
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    The eastern Inner Mongolia consists of five cities.The lignite resources are rich in the Eastern.The levels of coal spontaneous combustion reach I-II，belonging to the easy spontaneous combustion or spontaneous combustion.Coalfield fires in this area greatly affect the health of humans and results in the pollution of the environment and economic loss.After collecting the reports of the exploration and the papers of geophysics in the different 26 coal fires in Eastern Inner Mongolia，combining with the environment，geology and coals characteristics in this area，and also based on modern prospecting technology，the characteristics in remote sensing and geophysics in the Eastern are summarized.With the use of the exploration data，the boundary lines of coalfield fires are delineated and the model of coalfield fires is set up.Deep drills in each zone provide an accurate basis for the treatment of disaster zone.The experience of fire prospecting in the Eastern supplies a guide for the exploration of other coalfield fires in future.
    To Explore the Application of Beidou RTK System in Mine Surveying
    LI Yu-Li, CHENG Gang
    2015, 44(04):  191-194. 
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    Beidou satellite navigation system provides a new technical means for mine surveying.The feasibility and accuracy of the Beidou satellite navigation system used in mining surveying is discussed by using theoretical analysis and experimental methods.And the development and positioning principles of Beidou satellite navigation system are introduced.The accuracy relations between Beidou satellite navigation system and GPS，RTK are figured out by analyzing the measured data.The conclusion is that the accuracy of Beidou RTK has reached the same level as that of GPS RTK.Beidou satellite navigation system applied into mine surveying can improve the efficiency and accuracy of mine surveying，and also is conductive for the promotion of sustainable development in the mining area.Finally，issues that should be paid attention to in application of Beidou RTK in mine surveying are analyzed.
    Monitoring and Prediction of Mining Subsidence based on D-InSAR and Probability Integral Method
    YANG Jun-Kai, CHEN Bing-Qian, DENG Ka-Zhong, HE Qiang, ZHAO Wei-Ying
    2015, 44(04):  195-200. 
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    In order to obtain the deformation law of high grade highway near mining area and overcome the limitations of traditional mining subsidence monitoring methods，a mining subsidence monitoring and predicting method based on the combination of the Differential SAR Interferometry (D-InSAR) technique and probability integral method was presented.The D-InSAR technology was used to monitor and analyze the subsidence trend of the 9308 working face in Yanzhou，and the monitor results were compared with leveling data.Before modifying the prediction parameters into sufficiency mining condition，the probability integral method parameters of the 9308 working face under insufficiency mining were calculated using D-InSAR monitoring results.Then the influence of high grade highway due to coal mining was predicted using the modified prediction parameters.Experimental results verified that D-InSAR technology had high monitoring accuracy which can provide reliable data for the prediction of mining subsidence，and this method could provide strong support to realize the integration of monitoring and prediction of mining subsidence.
    Discussion on Ground Movement and Deformation of the Thick Unconsolidated Layers Under the Great Mining Depth
    KONG Su-Li, PANG Qing-Gang
    2015, 44(04):  201-204. 
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    Research on movement law of surface and rock strata for a mine with great mining depth and thick alluvium is carried out.Through the establishment of surface movement and deformation observation station，the field data are obtained.With use of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation method，the deformation laws of surface and rock strata for a mine with great mining depth and thick alluvium is gained.Surface deformation characteristics are analyzed by using 1stOpt data processing software，and the field rock shift angle parameters are measured.The regression analysis by 1stOpt software can gain the relationship of geological and mining factors and rock movement parameters.Through the numerical simulation，the strain characteristics of mining rock and the distribution characteristics of surface movement and deformation under conditions of great mining depth and thick alluvium are analyzed.
    Technical Discussion on Borehole Measurement in Surface Deep Hole Bench Blasting
    HAO Ya-Fei, ZHOU Gui-Song, LI Yong, LIU Qing, ZHOU Yu
    2015, 44(04):  205-207. 
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    The inclination and depth of borehole are important factors to ensure blasting effect in the surface deep hole bench blasting.The workload of traditional measurement methods about borehole is extensive，which becomes a short board of digital blasting construction.Aiming at the above problems，the measurement method of artificial tape，sound wave and laser are discussed respectively based on borehole measurement experiment，including test principle，advantages and disadvantages，adapted condition and improvement measures of the three borehole measurement methods.The measurement methods based on sound wave and laser have the potential improvement and application space，and it can provide reference for the development of digital borehole measure in surface deep hole bench blasting.
    Surface Subsidence Monitoring Based on the Wireless Sensor Networks and Hydrostatic Leveling
    YANG Wen-Huan, SUN Jiu-Yun
    2015, 44(04):  208-211. 
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    With the development of society，requirement on the real-time monitoring，automation and accuracy of Mining and surface subsidence and other important buildings are high，and the traditional precise leveling is costly and long cycle，and requires fieldwork.It is not conducive to long-term，real-time and automatic monitoring.Combining the wireless sensor network technology with the traditional hydrostatic leveling system，a wireless hydrostatic leveling system is built based on ZigBee wireless transmission at low cost and GPRS technology.In this system the static level as a sensor is connected to a child node in the wireless network.The data collected will be sent to the master node by the child node，and then to the remote Database by the DTU module and GPRS network.This system can realize remote，real-time，high precise monitoring on surface subsidence in mine with a broad application prospect.
    Application of CAN bus in Large Plant Monitoring System in Mining Subsidence Area
    DING Ai-Hua
    2015, 44(04):  212-215. 
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    According to the monitoring requirements of building modern large-scale monolayer workshop and greenhouse in the mining subsidence area，the detection scheme based on CAN technology is adopted to realize the design of intelligent node，through the MCU system to complete settlement data collection.At the same time，the real-time and reliable data transmission is realized by the technology of CAN bus.Then the data is directly transmitted to the computer for data analysis and processing.The monitoring and management software based on VB is used to query and display real-time temperature.Monitoring test data in Fenghuang flower greenhouse of Tangshan Majiagou mining area shows that the area is subsided obviously.Sedimentation value reached dozens of millimeter in 7 months，and the maximum dedimentation value can reach 83mm.The system changes the traditional detection method of distributed control system，saves manpower and material resources，and realizes real-time and reliable detection.
    A Discussion about the Shaft Detection and Plugging Technique for the Buried Shaft of Abandoned Small Coal Mine
    FANG Jun
    2015, 44(04):  216-219. 
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    Abandoned for a long term，the shaft heads of small coal mines are stuffed and buried by industrial waste and construction wastes，so it is difficult to find the exact location of the mine shaft.If not plugged and backfilled efficiently，walls of the pit will be damaged by the dynamic load or earthquake.Especially when the inner side of the drift bed is damaged，the quick sand will flow and burst into the mine，which would cause surface deformation resulted from scouring ground around the shaft.Thus，the hidden safety risks may emerge for the passerby and buildings around.By analyzing the physical character of the long-term abandoned small coal pit，the idea for shaft detection and plugging technique of the buried pit are proposed.
    Stability Analysis of Surface Deformation Monitoring Data of Backfill Mining in Cold Region
    GUO Qing-Biao, GUO Guang-Li, WANG Jin-Tao
    2015, 44(04):  220-223. 
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    In order to accurately obtain filling mining surface deformation data，it is necessary to test the quality of monitoring data at each period.The results show that control points are stable during monitoring through F-test and t-test for the stability analysis of surface deformation monitoring data of filling in cold region.Then，further analysis indicates that there are three kinds of vertical movements：the first is the surface subsidence caused by mining；the second is roadbed subsidence under long-term car loads；the last one is thaw collapse of seasonal frozen soil.The last is more general in the high latitude regions of China，and this phenomenon will have some influence on the surface deformation monitoring data，which enlarges the surface movement boundary and reduces the main affecting tangent angle.It is not conducive for getting estimated parameter accurately for this kind of geological and mining conditions.
    Calculating Tangent Method of Major Influence Angle Based on PSO-RBF Neural Network
    CHEN Jun-Jie, WANG Ming-Yuan, WU Jun, YAN Wei-Tao
    2015, 44(04):  224-228. 
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    The tangent of major influence angle tanβ is one of the most important parameters for mining subsidence prediction with the probability integral method，and it determines the influence range of mining subsidence.In order to improve calculating accuracy of tanβ，and based on analysis of tanβ and its influence factors，5 main influence factors on tanβ as inputting layer neuron are selected.Combining PSO algorithm of quick searching the global optimal solution with RBF neural network，a PSO-RBF neural network prediction model is proposed，and the nonlinear mapping relationship between tanβ and mining and geological conditions is obtained.Then，data from 30 typical observation stations are used as learning and training sample to test the fitness and generalization of PSO-RBF neural network model.The predication results of the PSO-RBF neural network and the observation values are analyzed and compared with each other.The results show that：adopting PSO-RBF neural network to calculate tanβ，the rate of convergence is rapid，with high prediction accuracy.The prediction result of maximum relative error is 6.54%，the minimum relative error is 2.56%，and the accuracy of tanβ is improved to some degree.
    Ground Subsidence Rules of Large Mining Height One Pass Cutting Coal Mining under the Conditions of Thick Loess
    ZHENG Zhi-Gang, DAI Hua-Yang
    2015, 44(04):  229-232. 
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    One pass cutting coal mining face of large mining height under the thick loose layer has features of high mining strength and high recovery rate.And，the surface subsidence deformation and rock movement parameters have its own characteristics and rules.To study the surface movement and deformation rule of working face with large mining height，surface movement observation station is arranged above the 8101 working face in Wangzhuang Coal Mine.By analyzing the survey data，the characteristics of ground surface deformation and movement under the conditions of thick loess-covered and one pass cutting coal mining are revealed，different kinds of prediction parameters and angle parameters are obtained，and the rule of development，distribution features，crack width and depth of ground fissures are analyzed.Compared with the observation results in the conventional fully-mechanized caving face，the surface movement and deformation at the one pass cutting coal mining face is more severe，and subsidence processes are more concentrated in both space and time.The influence on building structures is more significant.
    Auxiliary Shaft Vibration Signals Processing Based on Lifting Wavelet Transform
    JIANG Chen, YU Rui-Peng, BAO Guo, WU Feng-Bo, ZHANG Shu-Bi
    2015, 44(04):  233-237. 
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    Influenced by outside factors such as meteorology and subsidence，high-level structure always produce a series of vibration deformation，so deformation monitoring should be performed to study its vibration characters and ensure its safety.In the process of deformation monitoring，the deformation signal often contains a lot of useless information with the technology of GPS.In order to get useful vibration deformation information，lifting wavelet analysis in signal processing has been considered.Taking a auxiliary shaft elevator platform of Wanbei mining area as an example， monitoring stations positioning on the vibration table，monitoring tests with Trimble R10 for plane point had been made，and lifting wavelet analysis had been operated on the vibration deformation signal，and then wavelet decomposition had been made to achieve useful information.Results showed that the vibration signal obtained by GPS monitoring contained a lot of noise.With the technology of lifting wavelet analysis and decomposition，noise was separated from the effective structural vibration information.It has important reference value for the practice of GPS data processing and the work of deformation information extraction.
    Mine Surveying Talents Training under the Construction of Digital Mines
    ZHAO Wei-Cheng, QI Xiang-Qian, MA Fu-Yi
    2015, 44(04):  238-241. 
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    Under the construction of digital mines，mine surveying work changes a lot，so high quality and ability of mine surveying workers are required.Simultaneously，colleges and universities are supposed to make adjustments towards mine surveying personnel training modes so as to adapt the overall trend.Based on the analysis of mine surveying task in the construction of digital mine and competence request of mine surveying talents，talents training goal is clarified.Accordingly，general mining colleges or universities need to construct a new training system for mining surveying in nowadays teaching circumstances in order to cultivate qualified talents of mine surveying，through teaching reform from several links：teaching content，teaching methods，teaching process，curriculum design，and practice，etc.It makes a contribution to the exploration about mine surveying personnel training modes.
    Optimal Design Method for Virtual Roam Route In 3D Scenes
    XIU Chun-Hua, SUN Xiu-Juan, CHE De-Fu, GAO Guang-Liang
    2015, 44(04):  242-245. 
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    The optimization design of scene roaming route is the key to get fluency of 3D scenes.First，according to the OpenGL camera control principle，the path data formats are defined，including the waypoint coordinates and other basic attributes.Then，based on 3D model of coal mine，some wags that waypoint interactive pickup，manual roaming and roadway centerline conversion method are proposed to get route，and optimize the route through the path splicing，path fitting and collision detection method.Finally，roaming control is realized in manual and automatic ways.The experimental results show that this method simplifies the path creation steps and achieves good roaming results.
    Construction and Application of Service Platform for Basic Geographic Information in Mining Area
    LI Tai-Qi, SUN Shang-Yu, WANG Chong-Chang, GAO Rong-Jiu
    2015, 44(04):  246-249. 
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    The purpose and significance of the service platform for basic geographic information in mining area are mainly discussed，and the data content and service mode of the service platform are given.A detailed introduction to discovery，acquisition，calling method of basic geography spatial data for the platform is made.Then，its advantages of data integration，publishing，sharing are shown with the mine land reclamation planning information management system as a case.
    Design of Intelligent Blasting System in Open Pit Mine Based on Internet of Things
    HAN Xin-Ping, WU Chong, WANG Ming-Jun
    2015, 44(04):  250-254. 
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    With the trend of the development of Internet of things in mine，intelligent mining，mining automation and unmanned mine as background，in order to achieve intelligent direction and solve the problems in management，security and information processing of open-pit blasting，modern communication technology，automation technology and software and hardware technology are used to focus on the overall architecture，core content and key technology of open-pit mine intelligent blasting.Functions such as the open pit mine drill automatic drilling and walking process，drilling precise positioning and navigation，perforation data record，wearing parts and consumable parts information records and others are investigated and designed.Research and design on communication network and database for the open-pit blasting，and blasting monitoring and blasting design software of the open pit mine are made.The system has good performance in practical application.
    Design of 3DMine Software in Open Pit Mining
    GAO Yan-Lei
    2015, 44(04):  255-258. 
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    Mining design is a key link of mine construction and operation.In order to maximize economic benefits，resource condition，mining technical condition，mineral products price，ore mining and processing costs etc.should be considered in mining design.At present，the combination of 3D deposit model and mining design makes the mining design more simplified，and good dynamic effect is obtained.Taken a Liberian iron mine as an example，terrain model，solid model and block model of ore bodies are built by using 3DMine software.On this basis，mining designs including the open pit boundary optimization，development and haulage system and the stripping schedule are made，which directly reflect the mining plan and the data changes.Effect of different prices and steps on boundary optimization is discussed to analyze the variation under different stripping rate.In practical production，open-pit boundary can be adjusted according to the different situation to realize the best economic benefits.
    Image-based 3D Reconstruction Technology for Open-pit Slope
    LIU Jun, WANG He, LI Feng, LIU Xiao-Yang
    2015, 44(04):  259-261. 
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    To meet the demand of slope stability evaluation，a fully automated 3D reconstruction approach of open-pit slope from images was put forward.Open-pit slope sequence images were first collected with a consumer-grade camera.And then，dense 3D point clouds were generated by integrating structure from motion (SfM) and multi-view stereo (MVS) algorithms.Finally，high-resolution digital surface models of open-pit slope were made by constructing the triangular irregular network and texture mapping.The experiment showed that the overall form and local characteristics of open-pit slope can be accurately expressed through reconstructed model，which can provide powerful support for the correct analysis and evaluation of slope stability.The presented technology has the features of low cost，high efficiency，full automation，and it is especially suitable for dynamic deformation monitoring of the open-pit slope in potential risk.
    Design and Implementation of Virtual Mine Roaming Simulation System Based on Unity3D
    XIU Chun-Hua, SUN Xiu-Juan, MIAO Po, CHE De-Fu
    2015, 44(04):  262-266. 
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    In view of some shortcomings in a three-dimensional virtual mine system，like high fidelity，strong interaction and multi-platform，a method based on Unity3D platform to realize 3D Virtual Mine is provided.The primary process includes acquiring the three-dimensional coordinate data and attribute data of topography and geology，establishing three-dimensional model of mine，and importing the model into the Unity3D engine.Digital mine can realize real-time rendering，and integrate three-dimensional data with two-dimensional spatial data.Based on these，C# language is used to write the script to realize the function of the system.The virtual mine roaming simulation system is embedded into multiple platforms finally.According to the tested results of Qianjiaying Coal Mine in Tangshan，the system has run smoothly in 3 platforms (Windows，Android smartphone and the Web).The system is realistic and has friendly interface.The system owns the functions of the virtual roaming simulation and mine attribute-information query and others.
    Development of Automatic Monitoring and Pre-warning System for Groundwater in Fankou Lead-zinc Mine
    欧Yang-Shi-Yuan , SHI Yong-Gui, CAO Wen-Sheng
    2015, 44(04):  267-272. 
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    After the completion of Fankou Lead-zinc Mine curtain intercepting projects，groundwater flow field has been changed.In order to promptly grasp the ground water tendency and prevent from flooding accident，the automatic monitoring and pre-warning system for groundwater in the mine is developed to provide the scientific basis for the water conservancy project design.The system consists of 4 parts of data acquisition and transmission，data processing and analysis，groundwater dynamic early-warning and 3D visualization.The system carries out the real-time monitoring automatic statistics analysis and processing on the groundwater level，flow and water quality parameters，which can timely reflect the storage，transportation，supply and drainage characteristics and dynamic changes of groundwater to realize early warning.The application shows that the run state，data monitoring，and result output of the system accurately reflect the changes of groundwater flow in mining area，and the early warning is reliable.
    Application of Shortest Route Algorithm in Network Analysis of 3D Tunnel Modeling
    CHE De-Fu, CHEN Jun-Wei, ZHAO Xi-Ting
    2015, 44(04):  273-277. 
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    Three dimensional model of mine tunnel can simulate the work scene at the ground mine，the network analysis based on it is very important for coal mine rescue.According to the network's characteristic of mine tunnel，the point and linear elements in the actual measurement data is abstracted to node-arc ADT，which corresponds to the construction of one-dimensional center line and two-dimensional double line tunnel.In the end，three-dimensional model of the mine tunnel is generated by using arch height of the section，wall height and topological relations to assemble the basic unit of laneway model and triangulation.Network analysis adopts Dijkstra algorithm which can adapt to topology changes，to optimize the traditional Dijkstra algorithm in reducing the search nodes and using the adjacency list storage structure，and then analyze the efficiency of the algorithm.Finally，a program is written to test the shortest path algorithm's analysis in the three dimensional model of mine tunnel with obstacles and make it roam in the model.The results show that the algorithm is fast and effective.
    Coal Resources Reserves Calculation Based on TIN
    ZHANG Wen-Bo, HU Hai-Feng, ZHANG Xue-Qin
    2015, 44(04):  278-281. 
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    Based on TIN model，the calculation method for coal resource reserve is built in order to calculate the coal resource reserves precisely.By using ArcGIS software，Delaunay TIN model based on the original borehole data is built，thus TIN model is converted into grid data according to the linear interpolation.After raster data operation and block map overlay，the coal volume of each block is calculated by the partition statistical techniques.Finally，reserves are calculated by the product of volume and density.Through example application，it is found that this method has obvious effect compared with the calculation results of the traditional segment method.In addition，this method is very applicable to resource reserve estimation and resource coverage quantity calculation under village during mineral exploratory period in the case that there is only borehole data of no coal floor seat such as contour line.
    Application of Centralized Remote Control Technology in the Balance Regulation of the Ventilation System Air Pressure
    WANG Jian-Bo, ZHOU Wei, WU Leng-Jun, JIA An-Min
    2015, 44(04):  278-281. 
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    Around the unbalance of air pressure appeared in two mining areas during deep mining of Sanshandao Gold Mine，such techniques as the remote centralized control technology of ventilation systems，the fan inverter technology and the underground ventilation parameter monitoring technology were adopted to realize the remote centralized monitor on the fans distributed in each underground fan station and the airflow pressure parameters at the main ventilation roadway.Based on the total amount of air meeting the design requirements，the air flow at each run-through was reduced from 90.60 m3/s to 13.60 m3/s through comprehensively regulating the frequency of fans at main return air fan station in two mining areas.By this method，cross pollution of the air between the two mines can be effectively alleviated.The stable running of the remote centralized ventilation monitoring system starts a solid step forward in accelerating the process of building the digital mine digitization.
    Influence of Thermal Coal Futures on the Spot Market
    ZHANG Geng-Pu
    2015, 44(04):  282-287. 
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    China is the country with largest coal-energy reserves, and also the largest coal producer and consumer in the world. Power coal futures have an impact on the spot market. Factors affecting the prices of power coal mainly include macroeconomic situation at domestic, variation of the international coal price, coal consumption in downstream power plants, and major rail transport quantity (Datong-Qinhuangdao line) and so on. Qualitative and quantitative methods are integrated to analyze the development status of power coal futures. According to the variation interaction between spot market price and futures market, effects of the thermal coal futures on avoiding price fluctuation risks in the spot market are discussed. The study shows that power coal futures listed can avoid the price volatility risk for power coals industry chain and industries involved.