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    15 June 2015, Volume 44 Issue 06
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    Discussion on Development and Technical Problems of Sublevel Caving with Large Structural Parameters
    HE Rong-Xing, REN Feng-Yu, SONG De-Lin, MA Jiao-Yang, FU Yu, LIU Qing-Fu
    2015, 44(06):  1-5. 
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    There are nearly 50 years of history since the pillarless sublevel caving was introduced into our country，which occupies an important position in the iron ore mining with fruitful results in recent years.It gradually changes into a positive large structural parameters.With the improvement of environmental protection，rapid development of filling method，it is found that the pillarless sublevel caving method will still be the major mining method in the future after analyzing the features from aspects of the historical status，the economic development needs on iron ore，the occurrence of the ore body to be developed，and adaption from the open pit to underground.And the issues that should be paid attention under the development of large structural parameters are discussed from views of ancillary equipment，blasting，field ore-drawing theory.These are beneficial to improve the rapid development of large structural parameters，and give full play of the large structural parameters in the superior of pillarless sublevel caving method.
    Study on the Law of Rock Movement and Surface Subsidence by Deep Mining with Sublevel Caving
    WANG Yun-Min, LU Yu-Gen, SUN Guo-Quan
    2015, 44(06):  6-9. 
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    Dahongshan iron mine is one of the largest underground mining mines in our country，and its sublevel caving structural parameters in the main mining area are leading demostic now.Large-scale deep mining has caused complex stresses among every mining areas.Rock movement and surface subsidence law induced by deep mining of sublevel caving was studied after the overburden caving in chamber blasting in Dahongshan iron mine，and the surface subsidence and the cracks developing process were summarized.Through the systematic analysis on the impact of deep mining on surface subsidence and cracking，the rock caving angle resulting from rock movement was obtained.According to the value，the scope of future surface cracking was delineated.Through analyzing ground surface subsidence and related underground pressure monitoring data，the conclusions that surface of collapse pit and underground rock tend to be relatively stable after blasting was got，which indicates that overburden failure of the sublevel caving plays an important role in releasing high stress of the deep mining，ensuring adequate overburden thickness and controlling the rock movement.
    Influence of Blasting and Mining of Footwall Iron Pillar on the Stability of Upper Bauxite Iron
    DANG Jian-Dong
    2015, 44(06):  10-13. 
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    According to the spatial occurrence relationship of the footwall Iron ore-body and upper bauxite iron，it is possible to impact the stability of the bauxite ore-body if the retained pillar footwall iron was recovered.In order to ensure the safe and efficient exploitation of bauxite ore，it is required to lower the influence on the stability of vanadium orebody when the remained iron ore-body is explored at footwall.Two kinds of pillar recovery methods and treatments of mine goaf were proposed，in which the mining schemes consisted of scheme 1 the interval mining between ore pillar and scheme 2 the controlled blasting between interval ore pillars.Numerical simulation analysis on the two programs was conducted.The results showed that the scheme 1 can effectively control the vertical displacement of the rock on the upper plate，with ultimate displacement of only 10.83 mm.In the scheme 2，the larger vertical displacement reached 17.45 mm after excavation of the upper surrounding rocks，which may cause the collapse of the upper surrounding rocks.It is determined that scheme 1 be the final program of pillar recovery and goaf treatment.
    Similar Simulation Experiment and Safety Analysis during Mining of Hanging Wall Ore
    WANG Ping, ZHANG Kai-Xin, XU Zhao
    2015, 44(06):  14-18. 
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    o reduce the influence on surface deformation and flood control dam caused by mining of hanging wall ore in Chengchao iron mine,the similar material simulation experiment was made to establish the similar model of hanging wall ore.Then,the fill stoping simulation tests were carried out to analyze the influence of surface deformation and the flood control dam and the rock deformation in exploration of hanging wall ore.Experiment results showed that the exploration of hanging wall ore V3 ore-body may result in deformation of flood control dam and dramatic increase in deformation of surrounding rock between flood control dam and V3 ore body.Fractures between the flood control dam and V3 ore body is further extended,which endangers the safety of the main stope in Chengchao iron mine.It is Suggested that the V3 ore body be not mined.Finally,the potential dangers in exploring the hanging wall ore is analyzed,and the effective prevention measures are proposed,which have a certain guiding significance in safe production of hanging wall ore.
    Experimental Model of the Optimal Delay Time in Drilling Blasting
    SI Jian-Feng, ZHONG Dong-Wang, HUANG Xiao-Wu
    2015, 44(06):  19-23. 
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    To explore the optimal delay time between the blast holes,high precision experiment device and technology are adopted,including high speed photography,dynamic strain test method,digital electronic ignition system and others.Considering the factors from new free surface forming time and the residual mount of stress wave,investigation is made through concrete slope model of single hole blasting of high speed photography and hole by hole blasting dynamical strain test.The results show that:when the delay time between holes is 5 ms,the stress wave superposition between two holes is good,but the good free surface is not formed at the later hole；When the delay time between holes is 10 ms,the formation of cracks in 10 mm above is ensured,and also the subsequent hole still have a larger residual stress existing in the medium.It is conducive to the formation of good crushing effect；When the delay time between hole is 15ms,the residual stress generated by the front hole almost disappeared；When the delay time between holes is above 20 ms,blasting of the latter hole is not affected by the front hole.After comprehensive consideration,it is suggested that the optimal delay time between holes ranges from 10 to 15 ms in hole-by-hole millisecond blasting.
    Analysis of Fracturing Characteristics of Stope Roof Based on Elastic Thin Plate Theory
    WANG Xin-Feng, GAO Ming-Zhong, CHEN Yu-Xue, WANG Jian-Jian, LAN Xue-Qiang, ZHOU An-Wei
    2015, 44(06):  24-28. 
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    In view of the particular spatial structures and deformation shape induced by overlying strata during the coal exploitation process，roof mechanical model with three kinds of boundary support conditions of four edges clamped，two edges clamped and two edges simple supported，and four edges simple supported was built up by using the theory of small deflection of elastic thin plate.The analytic expression of roof deflection，bending moment and stress before and after fracturing of basic roof was obtained through theoretical calculation.Furthermore，the theoretical analysis on the roof breaking mechanism and behavior characteristics of roof fracture revealed the mechanical nature of stope roof with horizontal "O-X" shape fracture.The distribution rule and evolutionary characteristics of stress field in stope roof were studied by using three-dimensional numerical simulation software FLAC3D，where the simulation results are consistent with the theoretical analysis.
    Study on Strata Behaviors of Coal Seam with Shallow Mining Depth and Thin Bedrock in the Process of Rapid Mining Velocity
    GAO Yun-Rui, LIU Chang-Wu, KANG Ya-Ming, HUANG Chang-Ling, LU Bang-Wen
    2015, 44(06):  29-33. 
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    In order to provide the basis for the support resistance calculation and strata control of mining face with the shallow mining depth and thin bedrock，based on the engineering geological conditions and mining conditions of the 1-2# coal seam in Shendong Mining Area，the FLAC3D numerical simulations was applied to study the mine strata pressure behavior laws in the process of rapid mining velocity.Results show that the roof pressure trends to decrease as the mining velocity increases.The faster the mining velocity，the higher concentration degree at the front working face is，and the shorter the distance from the peak stress is.The distance between the face and the location of the peak abutment pressure also decreases.The zone of stress concentration tends to decrease.The roof breaking of coal seam with shallow mining depth and thin bedrock and thick unconsolidated layers directly affects the surface at the different mining velocity.The surface subsidence is obviously higher than the normal mining deep coal seam face at the same conditions；It is difficult to form bearing structure in the process of the overlying thick unconsolidated layers movement of shallow coal stope.Therefore，the load estimation of thick unconsolidated layers can′t be made by the traditional Pu′s compressive arch theory.
    Origin Analysis of Hanging Arch in Xiagao Iron Mine and Its Preventive Measures
    LEI Gang, CHEN Shi-Mo, ZHANG Jie
    2015, 44(06):  34-37. 
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    The non pillar sublevel caving method with high efficiency and safety was adopted in Xiagao Iron Mine.In September，2013，the roof hanging phenomenon almost appeared at the same time in the -26 m section and -37 m section containing 5 routes.Besides the poor stability of the ore-body，the main reason for large-scale roof hanging is that the design and construction is not reasonably arranged according to its own situation of mine.The insufficient height of cutting groove，and the less ore-drawing quantity from upper ore-body can not meet the requirements.Some factors such as too much blasting destruction lead to the roof height of ore-body declining，and leave insufficient compensation space for follow-up holes blasting.At the same time，such factors as thick reserved row surface protection layer in design，lower charge density，and no clogging at the top of holes make it difficult to penetrate through the upper covering layer.Blasting produces a large number of bulks，which hides the dangers for the suspension roof.By means of study and practice on the design and construction，the prevention measures are put forward for the present situation of mining，thus providing the technical support so as to avoid from frequent appearance of hanging arch.
    Affection of Slurry Concentration on Its Transportation Properties within Large Diameter Pipe
    GAN De-Qing, GAO Feng, SUN Guang-Hua, SHAO Jing-Jing, HOU Yong-Kang
    2015, 44(06):  38-42. 
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    Taking the transportation technology of ultrafine tailings cemented backfilling slurry with large diameter pipe as object，three dimensional model of large diameter transportation pipe was constructed.Based on reliable k-epsilon model of fluent-3D，the effects of slurry concentration within pipe on the transport properties of ultrafine tailings cemented backfilling slurry of were studied.The results showed that under the conditions that stowing ratio was 3 and the cement-sand ratio was 1∶6，the cavitation zone appeared at the inner pipe turning when cement backfilling slurry of ultrafine full-tailings was transported in 200 mm pipe.Along with the increase of concentration，the scale of cavitation enlarged at first and kept steady then；Along with the increase of concentration，the average velocity of slurry at inner pipe grew linearly if the concentration was less than 64%，and the trend of average velocity was increasing at first and decreasing then if the slurry concentration was greater than 64%；Along with the increase of concentration，the pressure loss increased with high speed if slurry concentration was less than 68%，and the pressure loss grew slowly if slurry concentration was greater than 68%.It is pointed out that the best transportation concentration with 200 mm pipe for cemented backfilling slurry of ultrafine full-tailings was 66%.
    Numerical Simulation Analysis of Movement and Deformation of Thick and Hard Rock Strata between Coal Seams in the Ascending Mining
    YANG Yu, TANG Kai, LIANG Peng-Fei
    2015, 44(06):  43-47. 
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    During the process of the ascending mining in coal mine，the movement and deformation rules of interlayer rock are the key factors to affect the feasibility of ascending mining in coal mines.Taking Tongjialiang Coal Mine as engineering background to study the movement and deformation problem of hard and thick strata，and combining the occurrence of coals，mining condition，physical mechanical properties and characteristics of strata，the movement and deformation rules in 8# coal seam were analyzed by numerical simulation.The results showed that the vertical displacement of interlayer rock located at the rear of ascending mining working face became larger with the advancing，and the vertical displacement of interlayer rock located in front of the working face increased first and then decreased.The influence of second mining at ascending mining working face becomes small with the depth of rock strata increasing，and the vertical displacement and plastic damage area of interlayer rock decrease.The research results provide a theoretical basis for judging the feasibility of ascending mining.
    Rational Size of Boreholes for Stress Monitoring and Its Influence Factors
    WANG Yue-Ping, YANG Dai-Song, LI Gang-Qiang
    2015, 44(06):  48-51. 
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    Taking monitoring for the coal production and boreholes for scientific research as subject，cases for boreholes of stress measurement are analyzed.According to the Kirsch derivation results，it is determined that the selected drilling diameter should not be greater than the permission.The calculation results indicates that the range of drilling hole diameter are mainly affected by factors of stress state of borehole，the mechanical properties of the surrounding rock and installation conditions，so as to propose the principle of selecting drilling parameters.At the same time，the selection of drilling parameters provides a theoretical reference for research and development of other monitoring devices and the equipment and instruments for scientific research.
    Structural and Electronic Properties of MnWO4 (010） Surface Studied by First-principles calculation
    TAN Xin, HE Fa-Yu, XIE Yu
    2015, 44(06):  52-58. 
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    DMol3 based on density functional theory (DFT）is used to investigated the structural relaxation，Mulliken bond population and surface energy of different huebnerite (MnWO4)(010）cleavage surfaces various in bonds breaking，and the effect of cleavage bonds on surface is studyed.The results show that in huebnerite bulk Mn-O bonds have longer length and less bond energy than W-O bonds.The surface energy of Mn-O bonds breaking (010）surface is less than that of W-O bonds breaking (010）surface.The Mn-O bonds breaking (010）surface which is much stabler is the optimum (010）cleavage surface of huebnerite.Charge density difference maps and projected density of states of atoms in the optimum (010）cleavage surface is also performed.The interaction between Mn and O atoms in surface phase become strong，the activity of Mn atoms decrease.The first-pinciples calculation results can provide guidelines and reference to theory study of huebnerite flotation.
    Effects of a New Organic Inhibitor on Separation of Pyrite from Chalcopyrite
    XIONG Dao-Ling, ZHANG Hui, WANG Yang, LI Jin-Hui, PENG Jian-Cheng, CHEN Jin-Zhou
    2015, 44(06):  59-64. 
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    New organic inhibitor of three carboxyl methyl-two sodium carbonate was developed in order to solve the problems of low separating rate and heavy loss of precious metals.Mono-mineral flotation test results show that:three carboxyl methyl-two sodium carbonate can well depress pyrite，and has little effect on chalcopyrite flotation with concentration of 2.4×10-3 mol/L,pH=9~12.It can be concluded that three carboxyl methyl-two sodium carbonate can separate copper from sulphur.Copper concentrate with copper grade of 31.69% and recovery of 91.36% is obtained by flotation tests of artificial mixed ore on separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite.Materials Studio Molecular Simulation Software is brought in reagent and mineral constructed，working mechanism of three carboxyl methyl-two sodium carbonate was analysed via moleculer simulation method.The results indicated that the interaction energy between the organic inhibitor and each kind of sulfide ore is negative，pyrite interaction energy is -98.70 kJ/mol，chalcopyrite interaction energy is -10.36 kJ/mol.The organic inhibitors has stronger inhibitory effect on pyrite than chalcopyrite .IR and UV spectroscopic analysis results further validate the simulation results．
    Experiment Research on the Suspension Roasting of Oolitic Hematite Ore from Hubei
    WANG Ru, HAN Yue-Xin, LI Yan-Jun, ZHANG Yu-Shu, CHEN Chao
    2015, 44(06):  65-69. 
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    Suspension roasting for an oolitic hematite from Hubei province was carried out to solve the long reduction time,uneven reducing,high energy consumption and high production costs of traditional magnetic roasting equipments and technology.The results show that an iron concentrate with iron grade of 58.32% and recovery of 85.69% can obtained under the conditions of material size of 80% passing 0.074 mm,gas velocity of 1.4 m/s,H2 concentration of 40%,reduction temperature of 650 ℃ for 10 s,magnetic separation was brought after ground the roasted products at 90% passing 0.035 mm .The XRD analysis of roasted material show that hematite in ore can transformed to magnetite via suspension roasting.The magnetic analysis show that weakly magnetic iron mineral in oolitic hematite ore can rapidly transformed to magnetite during suspension roasting.The magnetization and magnetic susceptibility of reduced material were greatly increased.Suspension roasting has advantages of short roasting time,high heat utilization efficiency and large processing capacity,can transform the magnetic property of iron ore in a short time and provide a new approach for utilizing refractory iron ores.
    Research on Beneficiation of a Deep Iron Ore at 1 400 m in Liaoning
    ZHANG Xiao-Long, LIU Jie, HAN Yue-Xin, LI Yan-Jun, ZHANG Shu-Min, WANG Yue
    2015, 44(06):  70-73. 
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    There is 37.03% Fe in a deep iron ore with depth of 1 400 m in Liaoning. Iron mainly exists in form of magnetite and hematite-limonite,with distribution rate of 72.83% and 22.52% respectively.The content of harmful elements such as sulfur,phosphorus is very low.Beneficiation experiments of low intensity magnetic separation(LIMS)-high intensity magnetic separation(HIMS)-reverse flotation on mixed magnetic iron concentrate were applied for exploitation and utilization of the ore.The results indicated that,at the grinding fineness of 75% passing 0.043 mm,via once LIMS and twice HIMS,mixed magnetic concentrate with iron grade of 47.05% and recovery of 95.01% is obtained.Iron concentrate with iron grade of 67.21% and recovery of 85.03% is obtained after ground the mixed magnetic concentrate to 95% passing 0.038 mm and then endure one roughing-one cleaning-two scavenging flotation process,using starch as depressor and RS-3 as collector.By magnetic and reverse flotation separation technology to deal with the deep iron ore can achieve relative ideal separation indexes,and can provide significant reference for the separation of similar refractory deep iron ore.
    Application of a New Depressor DLW-4 to Reverse Flotation of the Magnetic Mixed Concentrate from Anqian
    PAN Peng-Fei, ZHU Yi-Min, XU Dong-Lin, LI Wei, LI Yan-Jun, HAN Yue-Xin
    2015, 44(06):  74-77. 
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    In order to test the properties and floating behavior of a new depressor DLW-4 synthesized by Northeastern University，one roughing-one cleaning-three scavenging flotation process was conducted on the Magnetic Mixed Concentrate (MMC）of Anqian Mining Company in Anshan Iron and Steel Group.The results indicated that，at the slurry temperature of 40 ℃，optimum separation index could obtained with NaOH dosage of 800 g/t，depressor DLW-4 of 342 g/t，activator CaCl2 dosage of 600 g/t，collector RA-715 of 480 g/t.Iron concentrate with iron grade of 68.08% and recovery of 88.20% is obtained via one roughing-one cleaning-three scavenging closed circuit flotation operation to dealing with MMC，Fe grade of which is 47.74%.Compared with regular depressor starch，DLW-4 could gain better reverse flotation indexes with relative fewer reagent dosage，and thus have promotional value.
    Research on the Stage Grinding-Magnetic Separation-Reverse Anion Flotation Technological of Lean Hematite Ore from Donganshan
    ZHANG Zhao-Yuan, LI Yan-Jun, YUAN Shuai, LIU Jie
    2015, 44(06):  78-82. 
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    There is 33.28% iron in a low-grade hematite ore from Donganshan.Iron mainly exists in form of hematite and magnetite，with distributive ratio of 86.47%.3.29% of the iron exists in form of siderite，which would have bad effect on flotation operation.Twice stages grinding-classification-gravity separation by spiral chute on coarse particles，middlings of gravity separation reground and then mixed with fine magnetic concentrate，the mixture endure flotation operation is selected for on-site process.The existing process has problems of high grade tailings，small capacity in gravity separation，low yield rate and iron recovery.Twice stage grinding stage magnetic separation，one roughing-one cleaning-three scavenging reverse flotation process on reground magnetic concentrate is conducted on run-of-mine ore from Donganshan.Iron concentrate with iron grade of 65.32% and recovery of 75.71%，tailings of 13.38% Fe were obtained.Compared with the original technological process，the iron grade increased by 0.58 percentage points and the recovery rate increased by 10.43 percentage points，and the process is simple and easy to be realized.The experiment results has important guiding significance for beneficiation index improving of the hematite ore in the Donganshan，and can provide reference for the development and utilization of the ore in same type.
    Application of Cationic Collector DYP in Iron Ores Reverse Flotation
    ZHU Yi-Min, WANG Peng, YANG Yan-Ping, HAN Yue-Xin, LI Yan-Jun
    2015, 44(06):  83-86. 
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    Using fatty acid anionic collector to float iron minerals requires pulp heated to ensure the collecting.It not only led to a large number of energy consumption but also will do harm to the environment.Thus，novel cationic collector DYP used in normal temperature was developed by Northeastern University.In order to study the reverse flotation separation effect on iron minerals，flotation experiments on single quartz，hematite，magnetite and artificial mixed minerals were conducted.The results indicated that：floatability of the three single minerals is as follows quartz>hematite>magnetite.The optimum dosage of DYP is 50 mg/L and the recovery rate of quartz is 97.33%，while magnetite and hematite are 6.50% and 4.33%，respectively.DYP has good floatability and can be used in iron mineral reverse flotation.Analysis on chemical equilibrium of collector DYP in solution，zeta potential of quartz surface and floatability to DYP revealed that DYP collecting ability on quartz is the result of synergy of both the electrostatic adsorption and hydrogen bonding adsorption，and hydrogen bonding interaction is stronger than that of the electrostatic adsorption.
    Application of High Efficient Collector ZA in Separation of Copper from Sulfur Ore
    ZOU Jian-Jian, HU Zhen, LI Han-Wen
    2015, 44(06):  87-91. 
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    Main valuable elements of a polymetallic sulphide ore in Southwest China is mainly copper, tin and sulphur with grade of 1.05%, 0.28% and 7.19%, respectively, associated silver grade is 13.20 g/t. Copper mainly exists in form of copper sulfide, accounted for 93.60%. Copper and sulphur bulk flotation-copper and sulphur separation, tin concentration from tailings of flotation by shaking table was used by on-site process, all of copper, sulfur, silver and tin were comprehensively recovered (silver went with copper). The process comes with large consumption of lime, high alkalinity, low recovery of copper and silver. In order to find the possibility of effective recover copper and silver with low alkalinity, compound new type ZA collector for copper mineral flotation collector were studied The results show that: copper-sulphur rough concentrate can be obtained at the grinding fineness of 75% passing 0.074 mm, with copper sulfate as activator, butyl xanthate as collector, via one roughing, two cleaning, two scavenging copper-sulphur bulk flotation. After reground the rough concentrate to 85% -0.043 mm, using compound collector ZA as copper collector, lime as inhibitor, with low alkalinity conditions of pH=10.5 through one roughing, three cleaning, three scavenging copper and sulphur separation process, copper concentrate assaying 25.16% Cu and 212.2 g/t Ag at the recoveries of 91.75% and 61.18%, respectively; and the sulphur concentrate containing 35.32% S and recovery of 79.06% can be obtained. The results realize the separation and enrichment recovery of copper, sulphur and silver in the ore, especially intensify beneficiation enrichment of free silver. The test results can provide technique basis for beneficiation of minerals associated precious metals.
    General Situation and Prospecting Revelation of Tantalum-Niobium Rare Metal Deposits in China
    WANG Pan-Xi, BAO Min-Wei
    2015, 44(06):  92-97. 
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    The exploration progress，characteristics and typical mineral composition of ore deposits and prospecting marks of Tantalum-Niobium rare metals mineral resouces in China are summarized systemically.The conclusions are concluded as following：①As the new strategy of mineral resources，the Tantalum-Niobium rare metals in China cannot meet domestic demand.During the period of "the thirteenth five-year plan"，the exploration efforts on rare metallic minerals will be strengthened.②The Tantalum-Niobium rare metal deposits have the characteristics of relatively concentrated distribution，less single deposit，more associated ore deposits，low grade，large reserves and complicated composition.③Different type of Tantalum-Niobium ore deposits in different regions has different prospecting marks.But almost of the Tantalum-Niobium rare metal deposits are closely related with albitization，most deposits have radioactive anomaly，and small intrusions have great significance in prospecting.④In the exploration of Tantalum-Niobium rare metal mineral，it is necessary to strengthen the composition investigation，make comprehensive exploration，and attach great importance to comprehensive utilization and economic evaluation.The above conclusions are helpful to avoid the blindness of geological prospecting and reduce the useless ore.Besides that，it can also have certain reference value for carrying out the "three thin（elements of rare,rare earth and rare dispersed" mineral investigation.
    Techniques for Three-dimensional Modeling and Visualizing of Borehole Data
    JING Yong-Bin, DAI Bi-Bo, SUN Guang-Zhong
    2015, 44(06):  98-102. 
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    In order to establish three-dimensional geological model of ore deposit，techniques for modeling and visualizing of borehole data are proposed.Platform independent SQLite embedded database is utilized and data structures of collar table，sample table，survey table and lithology table are designed to organize and manage the borehole data.Two kinds of errors existed in borehole data are analyzed before creating the three-dimensional borehole model.The curve of borehole trace is simplified as polygonal line，then formulas for calculating borehole trace of two mathematical models are put forward，including average angles with total length and total angle with half length.Borehole data structure of graph associating attributes table is proposed to store three-dimensional borehole model.Points and line segments are used to store the spatial location of borehole openings and samples，and the data table is used to store the attributes of drilling number，element grade and weight of samples.Borehole trace is displayed by polyline and attributes are visualized by the forms of texts，colors，figures in three-dimensional space.The above algorithms are implemented on Hoops 3D platform and the three-dimensional borehole model of a copper mine between 32# and 56# exploration line is built.The copper orebody boundary is delineated through the borehole trace and visualization of copper grade.The results show that the techniques proposed in this paper for creating three-dimensional borehole model is accurate and reliable，and it is helpful for enhancing the efficiency of geological analysis and deposit modeling.
    Variable Parameter Sequential Adjustment with Constrained Condition of Underground Control Network
    XU Kai-Fan, ZHANG Shu-Bi, BAO Guo
    2015, 44(06):  103-107. 
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    In order to establish the spatial position-reference accurately，and aiming at the characteristics of multi-period control network underground，the variable parameters sequential adjustment model of underground control network with constrained condition is presented.Firstly，based on the virtual observation law and the least square method，the sequential adjustment model of underground control network is deduced.Considering the gyro direction edges as strong sides，the constrained conditions can be converted into the observation equation of the variable parameters sequential adjustment based on infinite weight theory.The new model can be used for processing gyro-side observation as constraint condition.Also，it can be employed to calculate the gyro-side observation as general observation values.Then，in order to avoid the ill-condition of normal equation，the reasonable values of weight coefficient are discussed.Besides that，the rationality of the model is verified by a project case.The results show that:①when the weight coefficient m=1，the maximum difference between adjusted value and true value of gyro azimuth is 5.1″，with the increasing of weighting coefficient m, the difference decreases rapidly; ②when m=10，the difference is less than 0.1″;③when m=20，the adjusted values of gyro-side azimuth and coordinates are consistent with the true value within the scope of effective number of bits，the azimuth difference is less than 0.01″，and the coordinates of the difference is less than 0.03 mm.The adjustment model proposed in this paper has the characteristics of simple idea,easy programming and no preliminary observation data needed，it is applicable to the integrated adjustment of the underground multi-period control network.
    Design and Development of Cavity Point Cloud Processing System Based on PCL and HOOPS
    WANG Yun-Sen, TANG Zhong-Wei, XU Shuai
    2015, 44(06):  108-112. 
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    3D laser scanning technology has been more and more widely used in detection of cavity，but point cloud obtained through it often need to be processed and analyzed by several software.Hence，a large amount of time was wasted and the complex operations of the software also limited the utilization of later data.To solve these problems，and based on VS2010 platform，a cavity point cloud processing system was developed independently by using PCL and HOOPS.This system consists of point cloud management module，3D display module，point cloud filtering module，cutting and 3D modeling module and application module.And its function was easy to be extended by using the modular design ideas.According to the demand for accuracy of cavity measurement，point cloud could be filtered and simplified.So the following 3D modeling and display was accelerated；The system integrated with common functions of 3D modeling，cutting and analysis，and volume calculation of cavities，and it was easy to use and provided conveniences for on-site technical personnel to make decisions.This system could provide scientific basis and technical support for cavity government and parameter optimization and also have the positive significance in promoting scientific and visualization of cavity government.
    The Intelligent Protection System for Coiling Machine
    XIA Shu-Fa, LIANG Yong-Bin, HUANG Kang-Fei, ZHANG Hui
    2015, 44(06):  113-117. 
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    In view of the hidden risks existing in JG series annular coil winding machine，and to reduce the accidents of fingers broken in enterprise，a protection system for the coil winding machine is developed.According to the position of operator's hand and the danger degree，the device intelligence for speed-down is produced to achieve the purpose of safe protection.The safety device of the winding machine has advantages of intelligence，low cost，small volume，precise control and has a high economic benefit and broad prospect.
    The External Effects Model of Diesel Consumption of Transport Trucks in Open-pit Mine
    WEN Ting-Xin, QI Lei, SHAO Liang-杉
    2015, 44(06):  118-121. 
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    To establish a nonlinear model between the diesel consumption of transport trucks in open-pit mine and its main external influence factors，the support vector regression (SVR）method is adopted，and the statistical data of actual production and dispatcher in a domestic open-pit coal mine are taken as original samples.With selection of output，volume，distance，height，loading time，fuel up amount，rock volume as seven main external indexes，and by using the factor analysis method to extract common factors as the input of the model，the training process of diesel consumption model is analyzed to make the simulation training through programming the corresponding program in MATLAB and finally get the diesel consumption model based on SVR.The training and testing results show that：the model can meet the precision requirement，and work well on the diesel consumption calculation and prediction of transportation truck in open-pit mine；This model can provide decision support for reasonable production schedule and guide to reduce the diesel consumption.
    Application of New Type Rope Method in Large-diameter Cable Laying Installation of Thousand Meters Deep Shaft
    TANG Xiao-Lin
    2015, 44(06):  122-124. 
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    That thousand meters deep pipe and cable shaft has not used the internal traditional steel rope slings and steel or wooden temporary cable clip fixing to down for the laying installation process of many large diameter wire armoured power cable in Konkola project of Zhongdu International Zambia Company was introduced.Meanwhile,a new-type rope tying laying installation method was designed.The application of this new technology supplied the technical support for laying installation of all kinds of large diameter power cable in deep shaft,with features of short construction period and high security.
    Design of Coal Mine Environment Remote Monitoring System Based on ZigBee and GPRS
    YANG Wen-Huan, SUN Jiu-Yun, WANG Kuo-Yin
    2015, 44(06):  125-129. 
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    In order to monitor environmental status of coal mine effectively and prevent the geological disasters，aiming at the main problems of high layout and maintenance cost，complex wiring，limited transmission distance and energy in current coal mine environmental monitoring system，a new type of coal mine remote monitoring system based on ZigBee wireless sensor network and GPRS is designed.The CC2530 radio frequency chip，digital temperature and humidity sensor SHT10,digital air pressure sensor GY-63-03 and WG-8010 GPRS DTU module are adopted to develop the wireless sensor network with mesh topology based on Z_Stack protocol，so the hardware and software of sensor nodes of the monitoring system are designed，and the functions of remote acquisition,transmission and processing of temperature，humidity and air pressure data are realized.The C/S structure for the TCP/IP protocol socket communication mechanism is used by the PC monitoring system，and it is developed by adopting the C# language in Visual Studio 2010.The monitoring data can be displayed and queried in real-time by calling SQL database.The experimental results show that the monitoring system is reliable in transmission，high real-time performance，flexible in networking.Besides that，the cost of coal mine environment monitoring can be reduced greatly，therefore，the monitoring system has some practical value.
    Development and Application of Vertical Permanent Magnetic Separator for Cleaning with Three Products
    GUO Xiao-Fei, YU Xiao-Long, ZHENG Li-Juan
    2015, 44(06):  130-133. 
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    Aiming at the magnetic and mechanical inclusions existing in the traditional wet low intensity magnetic separator,a vertical permanent magnetic separator with three products is developed.The machine is mainly composed of the upper feeding system,outer vertical tube,vertical weak magnetic inner drum with rotating magnetic system,the grizzly setting between outer and inner cylinder,the surface of which is perpendicular to the cylinder surface,overflow tank located in the upper part of the outer barrel,back-wash water pipe and outlet discharge of both middlings and concentrate located at the bottom of outer barrel,racks,drive system,and control system i.e.Its separation principle is:with the effect of rotating magnetic system,materials in sorting area,between outer and inner cylinder,will conduct centrifugal circular motion,polyethylene formed by magnetic or mechanical inclusions will be scattered when impacting with the grizzly.Single magnetite particles move to the magnetic system and gradually enter into the concentration tank with the impact of magnetism and gravity.Locked particles move departure the magnet system and gradually into the middlings slot with the impact of centrifugal and gravity force.Nonmagnetic gangue particles flow into the overflow tank as tailings with the impact of back-washing water.Cleaning tests were conducted on the feeding of magnetic column in Nanfen Dressing Plant with 65.35% iron.Iron grade of final iron concentrate obtained is 68.78%,fairly with the concentrate gained from the on-site magnetic column,at the same time,middlings with yield of 10.86% and iron grade of 49.08% and tailings with yield of2.97% and iron grade of 25.54% are achieved.The results indicate that,the design principle of vertical permanent magnetic separator for cleaning with three products is feasible,but the Fe grade of tailing is a bit higher.Further research and improvement should be continued.
    Analysis of Rock Burst in Deep Mining of Linglong Gold Mine
    ZHANG Zi-Jian, JI Hong-Guang, ZHANG Yue-Zheng, CHEN Zhi-Jie, SONG Chao-Yang
    2015, 44(06):  134-138. 
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    The rock burst often happens in the procedure of deep mining in the metal mine.Studies on the reasons for the rock burst mainly focus on the high in-situ stress field with some limitations.In this study，the energy index and the stress index of shock hazard were introduced with consideration of rock properties and the state of the rock，enriching the parameters of studying rock burst.With the use of FLAC3D numerical simulation method，the problem of rock burst in deep mining in Linglong gold mine was simulated.Then，the risk for rock burst，the volume of the released energy and the scope of rock burst were primarily determined，which was in accordance with the actual situation after comparison.Therefore，this method can provide the basis for safe production and the following stoping in Linglong gold mine.
    Affecting Factor Analysis and Control Technique of Open-pit Slope Stability in Sijiaying Iron Mine
    ZHANG Shu-Dong
    2015, 44(06):  139-143. 
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    The stability of open pit slope is the key factor affecting the mine production security.Based on the results of field investigation，it shows that slope lithology，water，and mining disturbance are the main three factors affecting the stability of Mine.The slope is divided to three areas by comprehensively considering the slope stability of rock and earth mass and the reinforcement measures of whole-length bonding bolt，anchor wire technology，steel mesh+spray anchor net are taken to strengthen the slope stability.Based on the actual situation of the slope，some treatment measures are taken，such as full-length grouted bolt，pre-stressed cable，hanging shotcrete.Based on the pre-blasting technology theory，the pre-blasting parameter of the Yanshan Iron Mine was designed and brought into the field operations.The results show that the parameters greatly reduced blasting vibration and damage to the slope step，and then significantly improve the slope stability.The research lays a good foundation for the safety production of the mine.
    Application of Drilling Fluid Leakage and Borehole TV System in Goaf Detection
    LI Tai-Qi
    2015, 44(06):  144-148. 
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    The multi-layer goaf has complex structure.It is difficult to grasp the distribution of holes，fissures，residual coal pillars and roadways.To ensure safety，reasonable engineering investigation must be chosen before planning and utilizing the land on the goaf.Lots of theoretical researches and engineering practice proved that during the construction process of exploration holes，the characteristics of fracture development and the height of water flowing fracture zone were preliminarily determined through observing drilling fluid leakage，drills failure and abnormal footage.And the accuracy and effect of detection was greatly improved by borehole television with high resolution after the construction completion of observing holes.Combining with the observation method of drilling fluid leakage and borehole TV system to make the detection analysis on multi-layer goaf，the developing depth of caving zone and fracture zone were determined.Based on grasping the geological and mining conditions and the observation information，the stability of the overall structure of the relevant regional gob can be judged，thus providing some experience and reference for the study of related issues.
    SVM Model for Identifying Building Damage Induced by Underground Mining
    FENG Dong-Mei, GUAN Qiu-Yan, SHAO Liang-杉
    2015, 44(06):  149-153. 
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    In view of the uncertain relationships among indexes and buildings damage in mining-induced damage predicting,and combining with the characteristics of correlation analysis,fishbone diagram,and SVM,the analysis model for mining-induced buildings damage was established.Correlation analysis theory and fishbone diagram were used to analyze the correlations,and calculate the indexes′ weights.The SVM model were trained and tested by a series of data from observations of mining-induced and damage degree of buildings,and the test results was good.The results show that the fishbone diagram can obtain the relationships between indexes and buildings′ damage,and the importance of the quantified index；The building′s own conditions including its position in Gob and building conditions are more important than others obviously,and increasing the construction of building foundation can well improve the destruction resistance of buildings；SVM model based on fishbone diagram can better consider the effect of each index on damage degree induced by mining-induced,and get a lower ratio of mis-discrimination.
    Experimental Study on Dynamic Process of Soil Desiccation Cracking Based on Considering the Relief of Basement
    GONG Xu-Long, SUN Qiang, ZHANG Wei-Qiang, YAO Ya-Hui
    2015, 44(06):  154-157. 
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    The soil crack resulted by desiccation leads to many engineering and environmental problems.Taking bentonite with a high shrinkage rate for example,the soil desiccation and cracking tests are carried out.the results showed that the process of desiccation and crack were divided into three stages of pre-crackⅠ,rapid crackⅡ,and cracking stagnation Ⅲ.Cracking evolution is influenced by the boundary and relief of basement.At the early stage of rapid crackingⅡ,the cracking is mainly developing in the boundary of the model.However,in the late of crack,the cracking evolution is mainly influenced by relief of basement.In the stage Ⅲ,though the surface cracking still happens,the pattern of cracking development has not significantly being changed.The later cracks are approximately perpendicular to the early cracks,especially in the zone of basement from the view of the cracking shape.
    Several Issues of the Carrying Capacity Evaluation of Mine Geo-environment
    BU Jian-Wei, SUN Zi-Yong, ZHOU Ai-Guo, XU You-Ning, WEI Wen-Hao, LIU Meng
    2015, 44(06):  158-163. 
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    The carrying capacity of mine geo-environment is a new concept that is lately proposed in recent years，which mainly present its research results with evaluation methods.At present，there is no proven or mature procedure of the geo-environmental evaluation on carrying capacity，and the existing theories and methods are not integrated or unified.Therefore，it is necessary to make discussion on the basic and theoretical issues before conducting the mine geo-environmental evaluation on carrying capacity.Firstly，the concept，connotation，origin，development and evolution of the carrying capacity are analyzed，the mine geo-environmental system and its characteristics are analyzed.Then，the types of mine geo-environmental evaluation are summarized.Finally，the premises and assumptions of mine geo-environmental evaluation on carrying capacity are discussed in detail，besides that，the basic attributes of the mine geo-environmental evaluation on carrying capacity such as objects，scopes，properties，premises and purposes are also confirmed.The above analysis and discussion results can provide some useful ideas for the research work，and have the reference for mine geo-environmental protection and the planning of mineral resources exploitation in China.
    Review on Development and Application of New Type Backfilling Cementing Materials in Mining Industry
    LIANG Zhi-Qiang
    2015, 44(06):  164-170. 
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    Shijiazhuang 050021，ChinaWith the development of cementing filling technology in mined-out area，backfill material research and application technology has made great development.The features and performances of different cementing materials such as high-water rapid-setting cementing material，fly ash backfill cementing materials and blast furnace slag backfill cementing materials were reviewed.It is suggested that the solid wastes with potential cementing activity，backfill material with low costs，methods can improve gelled material properties will be the future development direction.
    Study of Reduction Roasting Desulfurization-Magnetic Separation for High Sulfur Cyanide Tailing
    LI Zheng-Yao, CAO Jun-Lei, DENG Wen-Xiang, WANG Wei-Wei, LE Kun
    2015, 44(06):  171-174. 
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    Experimental research on the reduction roasting and synchronous desulfurization for recovering iron from a high sulfur cyanide tailing with iron grade of 43.15% and sulfur content of 1.97% in Jiangxi Province was tested.The results indicated that the optimum parameters were proposed as follows：the mass ratio of the cyanide tailing，the bituminous coal，and desulfurizer BK of 100∶20∶16，the reduction temperature of 1 150 ℃，the roasting time of 45 min.The direct reduction iron with productivity of 42.71%，iron grade of 92.05%，sulfur content of 0.04%，phosphorus content of 0.04%，and iron recovery rate of 91.11% was obtained through the process of two-stage grinding and magnetic separation for the reduction roasting products.It provides a new way for the utilization of the high sulfur cyanide tailing.
    Reconcentration Experiments on Flotation Tailings of Lunan Mining
    JU Hui-Xia, SUN Ti-Chang, ZHAO Gui-Jun, YANG Hai-Bo
    2015, 44(06):  175-180. 
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    Iron ore in Lunan Ming Co.，Ltd.belongs to Anshan type lean magnetite.Iron grade of on-site reverse flotation tailings is 27%，76.54% of which exists in form of magnetite，and can be recycled.Magnetic separation and reverse flotation technology for reconcentrationt of flotation tailings was conducted.The results indicated that at the regrinding fineness of 90% passing 0.043mm and magnetic field intensity is 110 kA/m，magnetic concentrate with iron grade of 44.36% is obtained and be treated as flotation feedings.Iron concentrate with iron grade of 62.39% and recovery of 49.36% was received at reverse rough flotation temperature of 35 ℃，NaOH dosage of 800 g/t，starch of 700 g/t，CaO of 300 g/t，MD-27 of 300 g/t，pulp density of 40%，through one roughing-one cleaning-two scavenging closed cirouit reverse flotation process.The experiment results can meet the requirements of iron concentrate，and provide technique basis for transformation of dressing plant.