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    15 July 2015, Volume 44 Issue 07
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    Optimization and Numerical Simulation of Stope Drift Sectional Shapes and Dimension Parameters
    XING Jun, QIU Jing-Ping, ZHANG Shi-Yu, ZHANG Guo-Lian, SUN Xiao-Gang
    2015, 44(07):  1-5. 
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    With application of the numerical simulation and the field monitoring，the sectional shape and dimension parameters of upward drift in Xiaoguanzhuang Iron Mine are investigated.Stresses of four typical drift cross-sections are simulated，including rectangular，semicircular arch，three heart arch and hexagon section.According to the distribution of plastic zone，principal stress difference and displacement deformation around the drift，the hexagon section is chosen as the most reasonable section shape，combining with the displacement monitoring data in testing stope.According to the effects of drift height，width and length on stope，and through analyzing orthogonal tables including the maximum principal stress，the minimum principal stress and vertical displacement，the optimum parameters of drift are determined as width 3.5 m，height 3.5 m and length 60 m，which have been successfully applied in field mining.These researches provide theoretical guidance for the design of the filling mining in Xiaoguanzhuang Iron Mine，and provide reference for similar mines.
    Stress Evolution and Surface Subsidence Laws of Hard Rock Pillars under Dynamic Disturbance
    LU Hong-Jian, LIANG Peng, LI Jia-Hui
    2015, 44(07):  6-10. 
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    To investigate stress evolution and surface subsidence of pillars under repeatedly excavation and disturbance，combining with physical prototypes of a typical iron deposit，a numerical model of 3 stages and 15 stopes is built based on finite element theory and using Midas/GTS software.The stress evolution and surface subsidence of pillars under repeatedly excavation and unloading disturbance are numerically simulated.The results show that during the excavation of adjacent stopes in horizontal and vertical directions，the rating of stress disturbance shows as stope itself excavation﹥adjacent stope excavation at the same level﹥adjacent stope and diagonal stope excavation at the lower level﹥adjacent and diagonal stope excavation at the upper level.Horizontal X direction stress concentration is greater than the horizontal Y direction and the vertical Z direction.With the excavation of stope，the subsidence at the upper panel of orebody occurred and the uplift at lower panel occurred.The surface displacement area at first horizontal excavation extends along the orebody.The surface displacement area at second and third horizontal excavation has no obvious increase，while the sensitive subsidence areas tends to grow.
    Analysis of Safe Mining Sequence for Adjacent Seams Within the Same Stage of Multilayer Deposits
    HU Qian, YE Yi-Cheng, KE Li-Hua, WANG Qi-Hu
    2015, 44(07):  11-15. 
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    Different mining sequence leads to the more difference of disturbance effect between adjacent seams，which directly relates to the safety of ore body mining.The impact of disturbance effect height on safe mining sequence between adjacent seams in the same stage was analyzed.The safe mining sequence and relationship in advance were discussed when two layers of ore body were mined from top to bottom at the same time or the lower ore was mined after the upper ore or the upper ore was mined after the lower ore.The study showed that tilt-steeply inclined multilayer ore body with different occurrence conditions can be mined in parallel layer by layer from top to bottom.The ore body can be mined in parallel piecewise from top to bottom when the rock movement angle(γ1) is between 60° and 75° and ore body dip(α2) meetsα2≤γ1+5° and the spacing of mine stratums(a) meets a＞15 m or the rock movement angle(γ1) is between 45° and 60° and ore body dip(α2) meets α2≤γ1+25° and the spacing of mine stratums(a) meets a＞20 m.When the rock movement angle(γ1) is between 45°and 60° and ore body dip(α2) meets α2≤γ1+10° and the spacing of mine stratums(a) meets a＞5 m or the rock movement angle(γ1) is between 45°and 60° and ore body dip(α2) meets α2≤γ1+20° and the spacing of mine stratums(a) meets a＞10 m，the lower ore should be mined after the upper ore as layer or segment from top to bottom.The upper ore can be mined 11 layers or 1 sublevels ahead of the lower ore.When the rock movement angle(γ1) is between 60° and 75° and ore body dip(α2) meets α2≤γ1+5° and the spacing of mine stratums(a) meets a＞15 m or the rock movement angle(γ1) is between 45°~60° and ore body dip(α2) meets α2≤γ1+25° and the spacing of mine stratums(a) meets a＞20 m，the lower ore can be mined 6 layers or 1 sublevel ahead of the upper ore.This study can provide quantitative reference basis for mining sequence of multilayer deposits in a stage.
    Stability Analysis for Underground Stopes and Optimization of Structural Parameters Based on the Concept of Synergy
    LI Ji-Yang, TAN Zhuo-Ying, CHEN Shou-Xue, LI Wen
    2015, 44(07):  16-20. 
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    In view of the exploitation status of a large scale open-underground combined mining of copper mine，the synergistic theory was introduced into stability analysis of the underground stope，and the synergistic effect on the structure size of stope，pillar and backfill fake pillar are mainly considered.The original stope structures are optimized.In order to ensure the optimized mine stope stability in roadway excavation and stope mining process，the stability of drifting tunnel and mining stope was numerically simulated under three filling schemes.The results showed that：in different filling program，and for the ore-body remaining to be exploited，large roadway basically keeps stable.In stoping process，the stability of stope is associated with the stiffness of the backfill materials.The stope strain and displacement are ideal while combining the high and low stiffness of backfill.The cemented lumpy-rock at the bottom and the tailings cement at the upside are the preferred alternative.Foe the 9m belled stope structure scheme，and in the stoping process，the stability of stope roof is increased，meanwhile，the ore removal roadway is less deformed and keeps stable.The optimized stope structure parameters have obvious advantages.
    The Permanent Pillar Arrangement and the Stoping Sequence under Large-scale Backfill Body
    ZHU Bi-Yong, YANG Wei, WANG Xin-Min
    2015, 44(07):  21-24. 
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    Based on the present mining situation that a metallic ore under the large-scale backfill body has been mined for a long period of time，numerical simulation on the stability of the stope during mining process at -300 m of each panel zone was made to analyze the changing rules of the roof stress，displacement and other indicators during mining process and comprehensively compare the recovery safety and economic benefits of each program.The results show that：when E101 stope is considered as a permanent consecutive penal pillar，the maximum tensile stress of 1.14 MPa and maximum displacement of 75 mm are generated at roof in the middle period；the maximum tensile stress of 2.30 MPa and maximum displacement of 92 mm are generated at the end of mining，meanwhile the roof tensile safety factor is 1.53.The entire roof rock stability is good，so E101 panel is determined as the permanent pillar.According to the position of the permanent penal pillar，four panel stoping sequences are proposed.After comparing the roof stability，immediate roof，wall and backfill of different mining plan，the mining sequence from the permanent pillar stopes E101ly extending to two side is determined.
    Research on Coal Mining Gob-side Entryretaining Technology for High Concentration of Cemented Filling
    YANG Bao-Gui, YANG Jie, PENG Yang-Hao
    2015, 44(07):  25-29. 
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    Taking 0203 working face of Xinyang coal mine as engineering background，and through the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation，the pressure characteristics of gob-side entry retaining roadway under caving method and filling method are contrasted and analyzed to further explore the deformation law of gob-side entry retaining roadway after total backfilling.Combined with the basic mechanical properties of high concentration of cemented filling materials，the basic roadway supporting and the strengthening support mode are designed and applied into the practical production.The application showed that the gob-side entry retaining had less deformation after backfilling with deformation rate of around 8%.The roadway roof kept complete without any large caving，and no coal wall spalling appeared at roadway.Single support or combined support of anchor rod，anchor rope，metal mesh at roadway is reliable and reasonable.The high concentration of cemented filling mining technique with gob-side entry retaining is simple and feasible.The gob-side entry retaining roadway is formed naturally after filling gob，and the fire，gas accumulation and other disasters can be effectively avoided.Thus，it has a broad application prospect.
    Blasting Parameter Optimization Research of Miaogou Iron Mine from Open-pit to Underground Mining
    ZHANG Ya-Bin, GAN De-Qing, LU Hong-Jian, HOU Yong-Kang
    2015, 44(07):  30-33. 
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    In order to provide optimal blasting parameters for Miaogou Iron Mine transmitted from open-pit to underground mining，combining the practical situation of the mine design，four schemes are designed on blasting parameters of underground sublevel caving，where the length of blasting resistance line is 1.8 m and the hole bottom distance is taken as main parameters.For the four medium and deep hole blasting schemes，numerical simulations along with comprehensive evaluation and analysis of blasting effect are carried out.Numerical simulation shows that all the four kinds of blasting effective stress can break the rock.The hole bottom distance has no significant influence on blasting effective stress.Explosive cost，mining sites and suitable block rate are taken as main factors to evaluate blasting effect.Through fuzzy comprehensive evaluation，it is concluded that the blasting parameter is optimal when the hole bottom distance is 2.52 m，which provides data basis for mine construction.
    Construction Technology of Main Shaft Repair in Second West Mining Area of JinChuan LongShou Mine
    YUAN Guo-Bin, YANG Zhi-Qiang, GAO Qian, JIN Xue-Qi
    2015, 44(07):  34-38. 
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    Considering the deformation failure of surrounding rock of main shaft，the optimal design and construction technology for repair and reinforcement of main shaft was studied.First，detailed investigation for the deformation and failure situation of shaft were finished，the steady situation of main shaft surrounding rock and the factors affecting stability of engineering were showed by investigation and statistical analysis on joint fissures of shaft surrounding rock.Then，considering the engineering characteristics and deformation failure characteristics of different rock segments，many different support schemes were put forward，such as combined bolting and shotcrete net，C60 reinforced concrete，channel steel，U-formed arched falsework，long or short anchor and bolt-grouting etc.At the same time of construction，according to the diverse engineering geological condition of main shaft，the design and process adjustment of supporting and construction technology is optimized.After reinforcement and repair of main shaft，the results show that the engineering keeps stable.It is proved that the repair and reinforcement scheme of main shaft is reasonable and effective.
    Optimization of Paste Filling Materials Mixing Ratio in a Mine
    YAN Qi-Pan, WU Ai-Xiang, WANG Yi-Ming, LI Tao, CHEN Xun, ZHANG You-Zhi
    2015, 44(07):  39-42. 
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    The upward-slicing cut and fill stoping method was used in a mine which has higher demand on the strength of filling body.Based on one-dimensional stress wave theory and dynamic load resistance characteristics，the compressive strength of filling body should be higher than 1.2 MPa.The filling materials mixing ratio was the key factor which influenced the technical and economical indexes.To seek for the optimum filling ratio，and according to the actual conditions in mining and beneficiation，the four-factor three-level uniform design method was used to study the influences of paste concentration，total tailing-pond tailing ratio，cement-sand ratio and the additive amount of sodium sulfide to the strength and condensation of filling body.The results showed that：On the premise of meeting the filling strength，when the additive amount of sodium sulfide is 0.4%，cement-sand ratio should be controlled at 1∶8，plant-pond tailings ratio at 8∶1 and the paste concentration at around 77%; when the additive amount of sodium sulfide is 0.6%，cement-sand ratio should be controlled at 1∶9，plant-pond tailings ratio at 8∶1 and the paste concentration at around 76%.
    Improvement of the Strength Reduction Method Based on Comprehensive Safety Factor
    WANG Qiang-Zhi, GAO Yong-Tao, WU Shun-Chuan, ZHANG Hua-Kai, YANG Kai
    2015, 44(07):  43-47. 
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    The shear strength parameters c， have different exerting extent during the slope failure.Although the two safety factors fairly represent the differences of the strength reserve of c and ，its strength reduction are uncertainty，and there lacks a unified standard regarding to the measuring of the slope stability.In this paper，according to the Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion and the strength reserve principle，comprehensive safety factor was put forward; The relationship between reduction factors of c and  was obtained from the derivation of soil softening process; A user-defined program which expresses a non-proportional strength reduction method was compiled with the fish language in the FLAC3D to analyze slope stability based on different strength parameters.The main research results are as follows:①Comprehensive safety factor eliminate the uncertainty of two safety factors in slope stability evaluation.②The cohesion c plays a more important role than the internal friction angle  does in the clay slope destroy.③The improved strength reduction method takes a consideration on the soil deterioration process that the traditional strength reduction did not do.
    Research on Cost-effective Distance of Automobile Transport in Open-pit Mines
    MU Chuan-Wei, WANG Xian-Feng, YANG Wei-Jing, KANG Jian-Min
    2015, 44(07):  48-51. 
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    Based on design and production practice of open-pit mines at home and abroad，cost-effective distance of automobile transport was determined，and index for cost-effective distance was put forward.The main technical parameters that affect the distance were determined by calculating：infrastructure investment，operating costs，investment effect coefficient.Time value of capital should be considered comprehensively，calculation of capital investment and business expense should be regarded as dynamic process when discussing transport distance of automobile.According to the infrastructure investment and operation cost，cost per ton of motor transport and railway transport were calculated separately under the condition of different distance.Cost diagram of motor transport and railway transport was drawn according to the calculation results.Through the diagram，the boundary point on the cost-effective distance of two kinds of modes of transportation was found (The cost-effective distance of automobile transport was 1.85 km).The conclusions are that cost-effective transport distance of automobile，which varies with different transport conditions，is not a fixed value; cost-effective transport distance of automobile is correlated negatively with volume，positively with mining depth and vehicle capacity.Meanwhile，it is closely related to type of mines.
    Analysis of Induction Caving and Decomposition Characteristics of Sulphide Caking Ore
    WANG Wei-Ping, XUE Xiao-Meng
    2015, 44(07):  52-55. 
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    To deal with the caking ore in Tongkeng mine,the blasting caving technique was used to induce caving and break caking ore.Taking caking ore as the object,and with LS-DYNA numerical software,tests were designed to simulate the breaking process of caking ore in different dropping heights,angles and strength of weak structure.Broken laws of caking ore were obtained,and the corresponding induced caving parameters were raised.Results showed that ①better caving result was got in condition of the caving height 5 m and the caving angle 30°,the broken rate is up to 100%.②height between the caking ore and contact surface should be more than 5 m,and the angle between the ultra-deep blasting surface and horizontal plane need to be 5°＜θ＜30°.Research results provide theoretical basis for the processes and parameters of broken caking ore induced by caving.
    Beneficiation Experiments on a Ultra Fine Grained Ilmenite in Western Panzhihua
    WU Xue-Hong
    2015, 44(07):  56-59. 
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    Grinding products with particle size of -0.038 mm(usually being called ultra fine ilmenite) are usually discarded as slimes in titanium concentrator in Western Panzhihua area.To more efficiently utilize the resource，beneficiation experiments were conducted on the deslimed products in this region with particle size of 95% -0.038 mm，TiO2 content 8.80%，and harmful element sulfur content 0.62%.The results showed that：through pre-concentration of one roughing，middlings reprocessing by gravity separation using suspension vibration cone separator，desulfurating by one-stage flotation on the gravity concentrate，and titanium concentration by one roughing，three cleaning，one scavenging and middlings back to the flowsheet in turn process to deal with desulfurated products，titanium concentrate with TiO2 grade of 47.01% and the recovery rate of 28.58% were obtained.Therefore，the process of gravity separation by the hanging vibration cone concentrator-flotation can realize the efficient recovery of ultra fine ilmenite.
    Experiment on Flotation Separation of a Copper-nickel Mixed Concentrate from Western Panzhihua
    ZHAO Kai-Le, WANG Chang-Liang, GU Guo-Hua, LIAO Xiang-Wen
    2015, 44(07):  60-63. 
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    A Cu-Ni mixed concentrate from Western Panzhihua contains 3.60% Cu，7.91% Ni.Copper and nickel mainly exist in form of sulfide minerals.Copper and nickel are micro-fine disseminated and closely associated with each other，thus difficult to be separated by flotation.In order to improve the flotation separation efficiency，experiments on copper flotation and nickel depression were carried out after being reground and reagent removal.The results indicated that：after grinding the ore (at grinding fineness of -0.026 mm passing 76%) with active carbon and sodium sulfide and removing the reagents，through the process of one roughing，three cleaning，two scavenging and middles back to the flow-sheet in turn，copper concentrate with 28.88% Cu，0.78% Ni and copper recovery of 84.55%，nickel concentrate with 8.75% Ni，0.62% Cu and nickel recovery of 98.96% were obtained respectively.In conclusion，good separation of Cu-Ni mixed concentrate was obtained.
    Magnesium Decrease and Quality Improvement of Nickel-Copper Mixed Concentrate in Jinchuan Based on Citric Acid-Modified Starch Combination
    LI Xuan-Wu, ZHANG Ya-Hui, LEI Zhi-Wu, WU An-Ping, LI Li, HONG Huan-Huan
    2015, 44(07):  64-68. 
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    MgO content in the nickel-copper mixed concentrate is too high since Cu2+ and Ni2+ ions of Jinchuan nickel ore can strongly activate a large amount of Mg-containing silicate gangue minerals，and the grade of Ni and Cu is difficult to be improved.To achieve the goal of decreasing magnesium and improving quality，the dressing test was carried out under the reagent system of citric acid-modified starch combination.The results showed that，at the grinding fineness of 90.12% -0.074 mm，through the closed-circuit process of one roughing-two cleaning-three scavenging，and middlings returning in proper order into the flow，the final copper-nickel mixed concentrate with Ni grade of 9.03%，Cu grade of 5.18%，MgO content of 6.18%，nickel recovery of 85.30%，copper reovery of 72.82% was obtained.Compared with the laboratory test index of simulating in-situ process， concentrate grade of Ni，Cu is increased by 0.28 and 0.07 percentage points respectively，concentrate recovery rate of Ni，Cu is increased by 3.41 and 1.04 percentage points respectively，and content of MgO drops 0.58 percentage points.Therefore，citric acid-modified starch can significantly decrease magnesium content and improve the quality of nickel-copper mixed concentrate in copper-nickel sulfide ore，which is rich in magnesium silicate gangue minerals，flotation process.
    Beneficiation Tests on a Lead-zinc Mineral in Inner Mongolia
    LI Yan-Jun, GUO Wang, 吕Liang , ZHANG Shu-Min
    2015, 44(07):  69-72. 
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    A lead-zinc ore in Inner Mongolia with zinc of 1.62%,and lead of 5.98%,contains associated silver grade is 19.60 g/t,in which main galena,sphalerite are coarsely disseminated.In order to realize the high efficient exploitation and utilization of the resources，beneficiation tests of the ore were made.Results showed that under the grinding fineness of 75% -0.074 mm,lead concentrate with lead grade of 56.65% and lead recovery of 83.85%,silver grade of 536.55 g/t and silver recovery of 65.70%,and zinc concentrate with zinc grade of 47.74%,zinc recovery rate of 90.61% and silver grade of 44.66 g/t and silver recovery of 25.86% were obtained respectively by the process of lead concentration by one roughing，two scavenging and coarse concentrate regrinding,then two cleaning,zinc concentration by one roughing，four cleaning and two scavenging，and the rest middlings back to the flow-sheet in turn.The process test above is the available process of the ore.
    Beneficiation of Carbonaceous-Arsenic Bearing Refractory Gold Ore in Jiangxi
    XU Jin-Yue, LI Ting
    2015, 44(07):  73-76. 
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    There is 2.89 g/t gold，0.96% carbon，and 0.36% arsenic in a C-As bearing gold ore in Jiangxi Province.In order to high efficiently develop and utilize the ore，beneficiation experiments were carried out by primary grinding to recover coarse gold bearing minerals and fine grinding to recover fine gold bearing minerals in stage grinding and stage flotation process.The results indicated that：gold-concentrate-Ⅰwith gold grade of 69.91 g/t and recovery of 45.19% was obtained through the process of one roughing-two cleaning-two scavenging and middlings back to the flow-sheet in turn to recover gold in carbonaceous materials at the ore grinding fineness of 60% -0.074 mm; gold-concentrate-Ⅱ with gold grade of 32.82 g/t and recovery of 47.99% was obtained through the process of one roughing-two cleaning-two scavenging and middlings back to the flow-sheet in turn to recover gold in fine gold-bearing minerals at the regrinding fineness of 90% -0.074 mm.The gold total recovery of the two concentrate is 93.18%.The process in the experiments can high efficiently develop and utilize the ore.
    Experiments on Molybdemm Acid Leaching of a Refractory Molybdemm Ore in Hebei
    KANG Wei-Gang, GUO Peng-Zhi, QIU Sha, PENG Zhi-Bing
    2015, 44(07):  77-79. 
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    There is a refractory molybdenum ore in Hebei with high oxidation degree，and molybdenum oxide accounts for 52.54% of total molybdenum，and mainly exits in form of molybdite，powethite，wulfenite etc.; Molybdenum sulfide mineral is mainly amorphous or cryptocrystalline jordisite，and most exists in colloidal aggregates.With poor floatability，it belongs to refractory molybdenum ore.For the efficient development and utilization of the molybdenum resource，study on the process of acid leaching conditions was conducted.The results show that，under conditions of 30 g concentrated sulfuric acid added into 100 g samples with the particle size of 2～0 mm，liquid-solid ratio of 1.5 mL/g，mixing speed at 250 r/min，leaching temperature at 90 ℃ for 3 h，molybdenum extraction rate reached 86.19%.Therefore，sulfuric acid leaching is the efficient development and utilization process for the resources.
    A Interpolation Method for Reserves Estimation of Banded Cu-polymetallic Deposit
    LI Huai-Liang, TUO Xian-Guo, JIANG Xin
    2015, 44(07):  80-85. 
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    At present，the drilling analysis data of Cu-polymetallic ore present as a ribbon，with the interaction of multi-metal.When using the classical Co-Kriging method to conduct interpolation analysis of the data distribute as a ribbon，it is apt to occur that the weight of endpoint data become too large，called as banded effect.In order to reduce the effect of banded effect in the process of data interpolation，based on the Co-Kriging method，a interpolation method for reserves estimation of the banned Cu-polymetallic deposit is proposed，that is the Co-Kriging method with calibration weights.Firstly，the original drilling data is processed by statistical analysis，specific values and composite samples，the weight coefficients with banned effect are analyzed in detail; then，the Quasi-Newton method is adopted to calibrate the weight values obtained by the Co-Kriging method.Taking the drilling grade data of 2012 Tibet Jiama copper polymetallic exploration engineering as an example，the reserves of the copper polymetallic deposit is estimated，in particular，Cu grade is regarded as the main regionalized variable and Ag grade is regarded as the synergy regionalized variable to calculate the experimental variation function and cross experimental variation function of Cu and Ag respectively.Besides that，the interpolation results of the Co-Kriging method and Co-Kriging method with calibration weights are analyzed.The research results show that the performance of the Co-Kriging method with calibration weights is superior to the classical Co-Kriging method，and it has some reference for geological attribute analysis and reserve estimation of Cu-polymetallic deposit.
    Reserves Estimation of an Iron Deposit Based on Geostatistics Method
    ZHOU Xuan, WANG Xuan-Wen, JIN Yu
    2015, 44(07):  86-90. 
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    Ore-body reserves are the important basis of mine construction and production.At present，the traditional reserves estimation methods cannot meet the requirements of modern mine management.Based on the three-dimensional geological model of ore-body，geostatistics method is an optimal estimation scientific method of block models by analyzing the variation characteristics of ore grade via the theory of regionalized variable.Taking a large iron deposit in Kyrgyzstan as the research object，firstly，the geological data-based and 3D model of ore-body are established; then，the grade-space variogram is obtained by analyzing the grade distribution characteristics of samples; finally，the Kriging interpolation method is adopted to estimate the grade of ore-body，and also the reserves.The research results show that compared with the traditional reserves estimation method，geostatistics method based on the three-dimensional geological model of ore-body and variogram can estimate reserves more scientifically，efficiently and accurately，which is conduced to realize the three-dimensional visualization of mine information and dynamic management of mine resources reserves.
    Geological Characteristics，Genesis and Prospecting Regularity of Babaoshan Gold-Silver Deposit
    DUAN Sheng-Mei, MA Hong-Ying, ZHONG Yong-Sheng
    2015, 44(07):  91-95. 
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    In order to study the metallogenic regularity of the medium-low temperature volcanic hydrothermal deposit，taking the Babaoshan gold-silver deposit located in Longquan city，Zhejiang province as the research example，based on filed geological survey and isotope analysis method，the mineralization belts，ore-forming temperature and prospecting regularity of the Babaoshan gold-silver deposit are discussed emphatically.The results show that:①the regional geological conditions of the Babaoshan gold-silver deposit can be divided into five main mineralized zones，two mineralization types (altered rock type and quartz vein type) and five mineralization stages;②quartz porphyry gold content(2.7×10-9)of the Babaoshan gold-silver deposit is significantly higher than other minerals，correlation between mineralization degree of the deposit and stratum is low，the mineralization types are controlled by tectonic obviously;③by analyzing the metallogenic temperature，isotopic composition，typomorphic minerals and other characteristics，it is found that the w(Co)/w(Ni) value of pyrite is greater than 1，and As content is high; the sphalerite is iron sphalerite with iron content of about from 3.4%to 6.3%; the galena thermoelectric coefficient varies from-369.2μV/℃ to 619.2 μV/℃; the formation temperature of the main mineralization belts of deposits roughly from 100 ℃ to 300 ℃; therefore，the deposit is the medium-low temperature subvolcanic hydrothermal deposit that related to Yanshan period volcanic(magma).Combing with the ore-controlling factors，it is concluded that the prospecting work should be conducted in the area that the potassium-rich calcium alkali series medium-acid volcanic clastic dyke have strong development and the fault activities，and the key prospecting portion is quartz porphyry exposed area.In addition，the polymetallic sulfide quartz vein should also be paid attention.
    Analysis of Prospecting Potential in Zhongza-Zhongdian Block，Yushu Region，Qinghai Province
    TANG Bo, KANG Ya-Long, PAN Yang-Hui, ZHANG Tian-Chi
    2015, 44(07):  96-100. 
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    The northern three-river metallogenic belt that belongs to Zhongza-Zhongdian block in Yushu region，Qinghai province is one of the most important metallogenic belts in southern Qinghai province.Based on the previous research results，although it has already been proved that the northern three-river metallogenic belt possesses a lot of metallogenic facts，there is no valuable prospecting clue found in Zhongza-Zhongdian block till now.The regional geological investigation with 1∶50 000 scale in Yushu region，Qinghai province is carried out，and the data of geochemistry and geological mineral are collected systematically based on multiple methods，such as remote sensing，geology and chemical exploration.Based on comprehensive analysis on the data，it is found that the elements such as Au，Ag，Cu，Sb，Ni，Cr，Co are contained richly in the stream sediments in Zhongza-Zhongdian block.In particular，the two kinds of element combination characteristics (Cu-Cr-Ni-Co and Au-Ag-As-Sb) are presented in Ningduo formation，Changcheng-Jixian system，middle proterozoic group，which is consistent with the fracture development in the region as well as its geological features，such as the widely distributed basic and intermediate-acidic intrusion rocks and intermediate-basic volcanic rocks in structural fracture belt and the strong alteration etc.Combined with the newfound metallogenic facts above，it is considered that the mineralization geological condition of Zhongza-Zhongdian block in the northern three-river metallogenic belt is good，and the prospecting potential of copper-gold polymetallic deposit is great.
    Geological Characteristics and Genesis of Quemocuo Pb-Zn Deposit in the Northern Segment of Sanjiang Belt，Qinghai Province
    LIU Chang-Zheng, JIA Zong-Yong, ZHANG Qin-Shan, YAN Ming, QIAN Ye, ZHAN Shou-Zhi
    2015, 44(07):  101-106. 
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    Based on analyzing the geological background of mineralization in the research area，the geological and geochemical characteristics of Quemocuo Pb-Zn deposit，which is located in northern section of Sanjiang metallogenic belt，Tuotuo river area，Qinghai province are discussed，the results show that：①the deposit of ore rock is mainly Permian Labuchari group carbonate，which is the advantageous source layer of lead-zinc mine and relatively enriched with the ore-forming elements such as Pb，Ag，Zn，As，Sb，Cd; ②the ore-body is obviously controlled by fracture structure with secondary fault structure closely related to mineralization，which is also accompanied with silicification，baratization and carbonatization; ③the ore-forming fluid has the characteristics of low temperature，low salinity，low density and so on，the geological characteristics of mining area and isotopic characteristics reflect the participation of magmatic hydrothermal activity in ore-forming fluid; ④until now，among eight Pb-Zn ore-bodies found，lead grade is 1.65%~7.17%，zinc grade is 1.13%~5.7% and Pb+Zn(334) metal capacity is 188 800 t，the metal ore deposit is in medium size，and the prospecting prospective of the deposit is good.Combining with the regional geological background，geological and geochemical characteristics of ore deposit，the source of ore-forming materials，ore-controlling factors，and metallogenic factors are discussed.The results show that the ore deposit belongs to the hypabyssal low temperature and hydrothermal type Pb-Zn deposits，besides that，the prospecting marks are summarized based on the characteristics of strata，tectonic，alteration，mineralization，geophysical and geochemical feature.The above research results can provide some reference for the prospecting work in the research area.
    Design of the Vision Monitoring System for Security of Mineshaft Based on Internet of Things
    YU Ji-Wu, XING Yuan-Xiu
    2015, 44(07):  107-110. 
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    An intelligent safety monitoring system of mineshaft based on internet of things is designed and developed to improve the transmission rate of HD videos and realize the video data sharing.Based on the three-layer architecture model，the functions and interconnection schemes of the four sub modules which are front-end video capture device，mineshaft control device，mineshaft video data (MVD) server and management software are introduced.The system adopting H.264 compression codec algorithm to compress the video data improves the efficiency of video transmission.The MVD server is used to share video data，and multiple threads are used to deal with video data transmission among multiple mineshafts simultaneously.The system adopts the internet of things technology integrating the video capture，storage and analysis together，which can simplify the operation and improve the transmission rate of HD video data.It can also share the video data between different mines.
    Establishment and Application of the Physical Simulation Platform for Hoisting System of Underground Non-coal Mine
    MO Dong-Xu, HOU Peng-Yuan, ZHANG Wei-Feng, XU Shuai
    2015, 44(07):  111-115. 
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    Hoisting system is one of the essential systems in the process of mine production and design，and the optimized hoisting system and ventilation favor the production.Now when optimizing the mine hoisting system that has been put into production，the conventional method usually is adopted to carry out theoretical calculations，but its accuracy is low.By means of industrial tests，the mine should be shutdown for changing system，which lead to a great waste of manpower，material and financial resources，so that the cost is high.For the mine that does not put into production，most simulations for hoisting system only stay in computer-aided simulation and static simulation stage.These are unable to resolve the teaching demonstration，hoisting capacity accounting and other problems.To resolve the above problems，the physical simulation platform for hoisting system of underground non-coal mine is constructed in the ratio of 1 to 100 which is relative to the real hoisting system，and cage lifting and transporting can be achieved by the programmable control system.On the basis of this platform，lifting capacity and wellbore friction drag will be accounted，to provide reference for mine design,by replacing wellbores with different diameters and the cage with adjustable volumes according to the specific examples of design parameters.The practice proved that this platform can reduce the costs of hoisting system in non-coal mine，and reduce security risks.
    The Coordination Control Strategy of Transmission System and Braking System for Mine Vehicle
    南Huang-He
    2015, 44(07):  116-118. 
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    For the problems of the transmission parts damage and sliding accident in using the mine vehicle，the principle and composition of the vehicle transmission system and the brake system were analyzed，and the behavior in the service of vehicles were investigated.In order to avoid from the transmission parts damage and sliding accident again，a pressure-relief device which could relieve the pressure of hydraulic braking system was developed to cut off the power in transmission and to realize the power cutoff in power gearshift gear-box，and then the load of transmission parts were reduced in the braking process.The 2-position 3-way hydraulic operated directional valve was used to realize the automatic braking function in the flameout of the engine.Results showed that：the damage on transmission parts including transmission shaft，transmission clutch friction plate and other parts were reduced effectively by using the pressure-relief device，and sliding accident never happened by adopting 2-position 3-way hydraulic operated directional valve.Through these measures，the safety and reliability in operating the mine vehicle were improved.
    Design and Implementation of Acoustic Emission Real-time Monitoring System for the Mine Safety
    ZHANG Xun, XIONG Qing-Guo, JIANG Xian-Cheng
    2015, 44(07):  119-122. 
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    Aiming at some practical problems in the process of mining，such as collapse and landsides，a multi-channel acoustic emission real-time monitoring and locating system was designed.The acoustic emission signal from collapse or landsides was amplified and filtered by the lower machine of the system in which MSP430F5336 was used as the central processing unit，in order to make preparation for data transmission.The wireless data radio MDS_SD4 was used to realize the data transmission between the data acquisition unit and the upper monitor.The communication protocol conversion was realized based on the serial server RS485，which is an effective solution to the limitation problem of wiring in field.Based on B/S network structure model，the framework of SSH and Ajax，the system communicate with the lower machine by sending the commands，and the networking make the monitoring more flexible.An threshold method was used to get the time difference and an improved location algorithm was used to make the acoustic emission source location well within the margin of error.Through on-site operation，the system works stably，which provides guarantee for the safety and efficiency of the mine.
    Calculation Model of Mine Cooling Air Flow
    TAN Xing-Yu, GUO Yan, TANG Shao-Hui, XIE Xian-Ping, SHENG Jian-Hong
    2015, 44(07):  123-128. 
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    Engineering,Kunming 650093,China;4.State Administration of Work Satety,Beijing 100713,China Heat-harm treatment in parts of the mine can achieve ideal effect by increasing the air flow and other non-mechanical cooling measures,in which the key is to calculate the air volume.According to the characteristics of underground heat-harm and based on the traditional calculation of mine's demanded air flow,the calculation model of mine cooling air flow is established,which combined of the mine heat exchange principle and the mine heat sources investigation.In this model,the steps to calculate the mine cooling air flow are as following：① calculation of demanded air flow and the distribution of air flow；②selection of the main mine air flow route；③ calculation and analysis of the scattered heat source；④calculation of the dry bulb temperature at working Face;⑤ calculation and analysis of the variation of dry bulb temperature with the amount of the air flow；⑥determination of the mine cooling air flow.Then this calculation model is applied in certain antimony mine in Hunan to calculate the amount of cooling air as 78.88 m3/s.The model has a certain value of popularization,which can be applied in other similar mines.
    Anchorage Stress Monitoring System in East Mine of Baiyunobo
    ZHANG Yuan-Sheng, GAO Yong-Tao, LI Zhen-Hua, LI Yong-Bing, LI Zhi-Peng
    2015, 44(07):  129-134. 
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    Slope stability of B area reinforcement section in East Mine of Baiyunobo play an important role in the safety production.In order to ensure the security of mine personnel and property，the area constructed a comprehensive monitoring and management platform including dynamometers and sliding remote instruments.According to the actual situation of engineering，the comprehensive monitoring and management platform installed 35 sets of dynamometer，6 sets of sliding power remote monitor to monitor timely reinforcement state of the B area slope.Monitoring data adopted the technology of wireless transmission and the signals realize the unified collection and receiving，and are real-time transmitted to the monitoring and management platform.The platform set up respectively monitoring early warning value and informed mine technical personnel with messages and email.Over the past half year，the data of rebar stress meter and sliding remote monitoring instruments trend relatively stable and have large space to the safety warning value.The slope is in steady state.
    Stability Analysis of Slope under the Interaction of Goundwater and Seismic Loads
    HUANG Shuai, WANG Hong-Xiang, WANG Rong, CAI De-Gou, YAN Hong-Ye
    2015, 44(07):  135-138. 
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    Based on the finite element model of slope，the influence laws of the underground water level changes on seismic dynamic response and stability of the slope are studied.The analysis on the finite element simulation showed that the existence of groundwater makes the water content of soil increase，slope toe is the position of the groundwater seepage，and the effective stress is reduced under the influence of seepage force and pore water pressure which leads the shear strength to decrease.With the increase of the depth of the water，the influence of groundwater on shear stress and shear strain at the foot of slope increases gradually，and the shear stress and shear strain under far field earthquake in different water depth are greatly affected，showing that the influence of far field seismic on shear capacity at the foot of the slope is greater.The safety factor without the groundwater is located at the middle of the curve of dynamic safety factors，and the minimum value of the dynamic safety factor is greater than static safety factor.With the increase of underground water level，the safety factor calculated by pseudo-static method move to the upper of the dynamic safety factors.Thus，the safety factor calculated by the pseudo-static method to make the assessment of slope stability under the higher water level will have a certain potential risk
    Dynamic Disaster Control of Backfill Mining under Supper-thick Magmatic Rocks
    JIANG Jin-Quan, WU Quan-Sen, ZHANG Pei-Peng, MA Fu-Wu-2
    2015, 44(07):  139-142. 
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    Large-scale migration of hard thick magmatic rocks of overlaying rocks at working surface may induce dynamic disasters as rock burst and outburst of coal and gas.It can easily lead to sudden subsidence of the surface.Taking the first mining face of a coal mine as the background，discrete element numerical simulation on mining caving method and filling method for supper-thick magmatic rocks are carried out to analyze the effect of filling on migration of magmatic rocks and mining stress.Research shows that by the caving method，the abutment pressure at first migration of magmatic rocks increases rapidly，with the maximum peak at 45.97 MPa，which may easily induce the dynamic disasters as rock-burst.Upper rocks moves synchronously with the first migration，and the subsidence rate significantly increases with maximum subsidence of 1.21 m.By backfill mining method，the abutment pressure change less，with maximum peak at 25.88 MPa.Compared with the caving method and at the same advancement，overlying strata subsidence of magmatic rocks is only 0.044 4 m.Thus the backfill mining method can effectively reduce the stress of surrounding rock and the surface subsidence，and lower the risk of the dynamic disasters.
    Improvement on Ventilation System of Slicing and Backfill Mining without Sublevel in Downward Drift
    FAN Hai-Yan, ZHANG Yang-Yang
    2015, 44(07):  143-146. 
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    According to the existing problems of ventilation system of slicing and back-fill mining without sub-level in downward drift in a certain gold mine，the original ventilation system is modified.A new type of “back-fill return air shaft plugging plate with expansible rigid fan tube” auxiliary ventilation device is researched and developed，and then is applied into 1111# stope for the industrial tests.The results show that:after the ventilation system improved，the time of dust removal at each operation cycle is shortened to 0.9 h，and 32 99.4 m3 of fresh air can be saved.The problems in the process of back-fill mining without sub-level in downward drift layer are solved，such as the confounding of fresh and dirty air in the working face，and the poor ventilation effect，and the working efficiency of the stope is improved.The research results could provide theoretical guidance for improving the ventilation system of the metal mines under the similar condition.
    Treating Simulative Wastewater Containing Nickel by Spouted Bed Electro-deposition Method
    CHEN Xi, XU Xin-Yang, ZHAO Bing, XING Jia-Liang
    2015, 44(07):  147-151. 
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    In order to find out the feasibility in dealing with Ni2+ containing wastewater with constant current spouted bed particle electro-deposition method，the technical conditions optimization research has been conducted with simulated acid Ni2+ wastewater.The results are as follows：①with the increase of pH value，the removal rate of Ni2+ and current efficiency increased first and then decreased; with the increase of current value，the removal rate of Ni2+ increased，current efficiency decreased; both removal rate of Ni2+ and current efficiency decreased as the temperature increased; ②DO value increased with the increase of pH and current value，while decreased with temperature.Blowing nitrogen effectively reduced the DO value.③Blowing nitrogen prevented the nickel deposited back to dissolve，also weakened the concentration polarization which could result in the decline of the Ni2+ removal rate and current efficiency.④under the conditions of Ni2+ concentration 1 g/L，pH=4.5，particle size 1.8 mm，current intensity 15 A，electrolyte temperature 25 ℃ and blowing N2 for 180 min，the removal rate of Ni2+ was 74.77%，the average current efficiency was 67.67%，which were higher by 28 and 16.66 percentage points than that without N2 respectively.Since electro-deposition can directly obtain nickel metal from wastewater，this method has remarkable economic and environmental benefits in practice，and also can be set as a pretreatment method before ion exchange and membrane separation.
    Effects of Pyrite as Fenton Catalyst on the Decolorization of Malachite Green
    JI Meng-Jiao, HUANG Teng, LIU Mo-Chou, LIU Yuan-Yuan
    2015, 44(07):  152-154. 
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    In order to grasp the effect of pyrite on the Fenton technology treatment process of organic pollutants wastewater，using malachite green that is common organic pollutants in wastewater as the research target，with pyrite as catalyst，the Fenton reaction factors tests were conducted and also its reaction mechanism was analyzed.The results showed that the optimum conditions are concentration of malachite green 1 g/L，pH value 5.2，pyrite particle size -360 mesh with dosage of 5 g/L，H2O2 concentration 30% with dosage of 5 mL/L，reaction temperature at 30 ℃ and oscillation reaction(120 r/min) time for 3 h，and the degradation of malachite green reached 98%.The reaction mechanism showed that H2O2 was generated to highly activity hydroxyl radical · OH in the presence that oxygen in acidic environment is catalyzed by pyrite and the ·OH can oxidize and break the conjugated molecular structure of malachite green which have the ability of coloration.This action makes the malachite green become organic molecules with colorless，non-toxic side effects.
    Physiological Response and Accumulation Character of Brassica Juncea under Uranium Stress
    RONG Li-杉, YANG Jin-Hui, LING Hui, YANG Rui-Li, XIE Shui-Bo
    2015, 44(07):  155-158. 
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    Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the changes of characteristics of growth response and accumulation of uranium in Brassica juncea under different uranium concentration (0，1，5，20 mg/kg) stress.The results show that：uranium has little effects on early growth age of Brassica juncea.The longer the growth time，the higher the stress concentration of uranium，and the more obviously the growth status being affected; Low concentration of uranium stress can stimulate synthesis of chlorophyll and soluble protein in Brassica juncea，while with the increase of the concentration of the uranium，chlorophyll and soluble protein in Brassica juncea decrease dramatically; Uranium stress lead to the content of membrane lipid peroxidation products MDA in Brassica juncea increasing with the concentration of uranium in soil，so uranium significantly affects membrane lipid peroxide in plant leaves; Uranium enrichment quantity increased with uranium concentration in the soil，and the roots have a higher uranium enrichment capacity than that of the stem leaf.Therefore，Brassica juncea has potential application value in phytoremediation of soil contaminated by uranium.
    Recovery of Fine Cassiterite from Flotation Tailings of Copper-sulfide in Kafang，Yunxi
    YAO Jian-Wei, YUAN Jing-Zhong, WANG Tai
    2015, 44(07):  159-163. 
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    Tin grade of copper-sulfide flotation tailings from Kafang Company in Gejiu County，Yunxi，is 0.35%.Cassiterite，the main tin bearing mineral，is micro-fine disseminated and closely disseminated with gangue minerals which have closely floatability and density with cassiterite.Therefore，tin concentrate of flotation assaying about 6% tin and recovery of about 50% was obtained through the single gravity separation process，In order to efficiently recover tin resources from the tailings，the flotation-gravity separation process was used for dressing experiment.Results showed that through the process of one roughing，two cleanings，two scavenge closed circuit flotation process tin concentrate with 8.26% tin and recovery of 83.51% was obtained.Gravity concentrate with 40.70% tin and recovery of 68.95% was obtained by once shaking table gravity separation dealing with flotation tin concentrate，as well as gravity tailings with 1.72% tin and recovery of 14.56%.The tailings of gravity separation can be used as raw material for tin recover via fuming process.Therefore，the technological process is a high efficient process to recover tin from tailings.
    Effect of Bittern in Shanshandao Gold Mine on the Early Strength of Cemented Backfill Block
    LIN Zhi-Xiang, YANG Peng, 吕Wen-Sheng
    2015, 44(07):  164-167. 
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    Previous studies have shown that high bittern composition has negative influence on strength of cemented tailings backfilling block.But sometimes in order to improve the early strength of cemented filling block，few early strength agents，such as sodium sulfate，sodium chloride would be added.In order to study the effect of bittern on the strength of cemented tailing backfilling block in Sanshandao Gold Mine，the strength of cemented tailings test block and cement test block respectively mixing with bittern and tap water have been researched.And XRD technology is used to analyze the cement test block mixing with bittern and tap water.The results show that the bittern in Sanshandao Gold Mine improved the early strength of cemented tailings test block and cement test block.The main reason for the difference is that the mixing water has different components，making the hydration reaction different in internal test block.Cement test block mixing with bitter generated more portlandite and C-S-H gel.Although the amount of ettringite which is harm for the specimen strength increased，in terms of early strength，the positive effect of C-S-H gel and portlandite is more obvious.The long-term strength of cemented tailings backfill affected by bittern will be experimented.
    Study on Volume Stability of Coal Gangue Ceramsite Lightweight Aggregate Concrete
    QIU Jing-Ping, LIU Qin, XING Jun, SUN Xiao-Gang
    2015, 44(07):  168-172. 
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    Investigation that lightweight aggregate concrete with coal gangue ceramsite replace ordinary gravel is helpful for development direction of building materials to light quality，high strength，heat insulation.Based on the summary of present research and application status，volume shrink type，shrinkage mechanism，and the improvement measures on lightweight aggregate concrete，the influences of shrinkage reducing agent，ceramsite pre-wetting degree on volume stability of coal gangue ceramsite lightweight aggregate concrete were studied.The results indicated that no matter increase the shrinkage reducing agent dosage or improve the pre-wetting degree on coal gangue ceramsite lightweight aggregate concrete，the shrinkage rate were significantly decreased，and the volume stability were improved obviously.The composite application of the two is more conducive to reducing shrinkage rate，improving the volume stability of the specimen.The research results have guiding significance to the application of coal gangue ceramsite lightweight aggregate concrete.
    Effect of Waterproofing Agent B and Curing Temperature on Properties of the Burning-free,Autoclave Curing-free and Non-cement Building Bricks Made from Iron Tailings
    XU Min-Zhu, LEI Guo-Yuan, SONG Jun-Ping, LUO Wen-Bin, TAN Qing, LI Rui-Jie
    2015, 44(07):  173-177. 
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    Burning-free，autoclave curing-free and non-cement building bricks(three-free for short) were prepared with the fine low-silica iron ore tailing and the self-made non-cement curing agent as the raw material.The effect of the content of waterproofing agent B and curing temperature on the properties of the products such as the compressive strength，water resistance，frost resistance and anti-carbonization，and also its mechanisms were studied.The results showed that with the dosage of waterproofing agent B increase，compressive strength and 24 h water absorption of products decreased while saturated compressive strength and softening coefficient are increased first and then decreased.With the increase of initial curing temperature，water resistance，frost resistance and compressive strength in every curing time are improved significantly.According to the mechanism analysis by XRD and FI-TR，the results show that hydrated calcium silicate gel and ettringite are strength binder phase of three-free bricks.Meanwhile，the addition of waterproofing agent B does not affect the composition of binding phase.The increase of initial curing temperature and the addition of waterproofing agent B can inhibit the carbonation reaction within products and improve water resistance.The results of theoretical analysis can explain the effect of curing temperature and waterproofing agent B on performance of the products.It provides theory basis for the high-effect waterproofing agent and the optimization of the curing conditions.