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Table of Content

    15 August 2015, Volume 44 Issue 08
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    mApplication of Sublevel Caving with Larger Parameters in Gently Inclined Mid-thick Ore-body
    ZHANG Zhi-Gui, CHEN Xing-Ming, YE Qing, LI Ying-Bi, TAN Bao-Hui
    2015, 44(08):  1-5. 
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    The trend of increasing structural parameters of sublevel caving appears along with the application of sublevel caving method in gently inclined mid-thick ore body increasing steadily.The feasibility of using sublevel caving with larger parameters in gently inclined mid-thick ore body has been reviewed both in theory and laboratory.The research showed that the recovery of residual ore at foot wall is the key in exploration of gently inclined mid-thick ore body.In the case of the known ore-body occurrence conditions，the proportion of the footwall residual ore quantity in sublevel stoping ore quantity increases significantly with the increasing of structural parameters.The ore can be recovered sufficiently even if the larger structural parameters pillarless sublevel caving is used in gently inclined mid-thick ore body when enough mining retreating happens.It is feasible for the sublevel caving with larger structural parameters used in gently inclined mid-thick ore body.
    Research on Stepwise Mining Sequence of Nihe Iron Mine Based on the Stability Analysis of Opening Roadways
    LIU Yan-Zhang, CHEN Xiao-Qiang, PAN Shi-Hua, ZOU Xiao-Tian, ZHANG Qun, ZHANG Bing-Tao
    2015, 44(08):  6-12. 
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    Nihe Iron Mine with burial depth of over 600m is designed to be exploited by two-stage（-750 m lever，-830 m lever）backfill mining method in its first phase project.The stability of opening roadways is one of the key factors that affect the selection of stepwise mining sequence.The typical exploration profiles are chosen to establish two-dimensional finite element calculation models.Two calculation schemes which are the bottom-up stage mining sequence（scheme one）and the top-down stage mining sequence（scheme two）are formulated according to the possible stepwise mining sequences.Finite element stress analysis is conducted at different mining steps of the two schemes.The surrounding rock stress distribution of the opening roadways and safety factors of roadway stability are contrasted in the two schemes to select the reasonable stage mining sequence.The results show that tensile stress occurs in the fractional rock-mass around the majority of opening roadways during exploitation in the two mining sequences.Compared with scheme one,tensile stress distribution region in scheme two is smaller,and minimums of minor principal stress in the surrounding rock of opening roadways are larger,with higher safety factors and more stable opening roadways.Therefore,scheme two which adopts the top-down stage mining sequence,namely mining -750 m level first and -830 m level later,is optimal.
    Study on the Correlation Between Rock Mass Stability under Initial Stress Field and the Dynamic Disaster of Rock Burst
    ZHANG Yue-Zheng, JI Hong-Guang, SONG Chao-Yang
    2015, 44(08):  13-19. 
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    From the view of the mass intensity theory，the stability evaluation method of rock mass under the initial ground stress field is analyzed quantitatively，and the correlation between the initial stability of rock mass and the occurrence of underground dynamic disaster.Based on the Mohr-coulomb strength theory，the Mohr-coulomb stress （Wσ）evaluation index are derived to reflect the level of rock approaching to the limit damage intensity under a stress state before damage.Wσ can represent rock stress is close to the failure limit under uniaxial compression，uniaxial tension，three directional stress，and compression-tension.The closer Wσ is approaching to 1，the closer the rock is to the failure limit，meanwhile，the worse stability the rock has.The description of initial ground stress field of rock mass by Wσ can express the proximity extent of the rock mass stress state and the limit state，which is helpful to determine the rock mass stability under initial stress field.Where the rock mass has the worse initial stability owns a higher probability in occurrence of dynamic disaster of rock burst.According to the Wσ，5 stable zones such as high stable，higher stable，med-high stable，lower stable，low stable level are divided to evaluate the initial stability of rock mass.The research can provide references for predicting the impact ground pressure and other geological dynamic effect induced by the engineering activities.
    Numerical Simulation of Rock Mechanics and 3D Visualization Based on Virtual Reality Technology
    LIU Xi-Ge, YANG Tian-Hong, ZHANG Peng-Hai, ZHU Wan-Cheng
    2015, 44(08):  20-23. 
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    With the continuous development of computer technology，the virtual reality technology and the numerical simulation of rock mechanics have been widely applied in mining engineering.On one hand，as a comprehensive display platform，the virtual reality system is able to show the integrated information in real time，including production tempo，mining methods，personnel，equipment，etc.，but it lacks the safety data of surrounding rock，such as the stress field and the displacement field; On the other hand，although the numerical simulation of rock mechanics can obtain the safety information through calculation，the its display function in the subsequent processing is weak.Therefore，both the virtual reality technology and the numerical simulation of rock mechanics have their advantages on the function and effect，and are highly complementary to each other.Taking the Xincheng Gold Mine as an case，the two kinds of technical means in the same time is adopted to eventually achieve the effect of complementary advantages.The research content in this paper has important significance to the mines with the application condition of the virtual reality technology and the numerical simulation of rock mechanics.
    Numerical Simulation Analysis of Goafs Stability in Calcite Mine
    WANG Xing, WU Xue-Wen, SUN Guo-Quan
    2015, 44(08):  24-27. 
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    A lot of goafs are left when the underground mine adopts the open stoping method，which will pose a great threat to the safety of mine when these mined-out area constitute goafs group.So the reasonable measures should be taken according to the characteristics of the goafs.It is vital to make the stability evaluation on goafs.In order to analyze the stability state of goafs in a calcite mine，the investigation on existing goafs is conducted to get its basic information.Then three-dimensional model for mined-out area is established via the numerical simulation method.The numerical simulation analysis on three groups of models is carried out respectively from the width of goaf and size of pillar to get the reasonable width of goaf and size of pillar and confirm the stability state of group goafs，which provides theoretical basis for the following treatment of goafs.
    Stability Research of Overlying Strata and Shaft at Extraction of Residual Ores in Shallow and Large Scale Mined-out Area
    FEI Hong-Lu, HU Gang, ZHAO Yan-Hai, ZHANG Long-Fei
    2015, 44(08):  28-33. 
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    To guarantee the stability of overlying strata and shaft on shallow and large scale mined area residual ore extraction and ensure the security of dormitory，equipment and personnel above the mining area，Chaobuleng mining engineering is taken as background to analyze the failure mechanism of goaf roof and shaft，based on preliminary exploration and sampling，field testing and laboratory experiments on mechanics.Based on H-K system，the roof rheological mechanical model for ore body in goaf is established to provide a theoretical basis for the recovery of residual ores.With the FLAC3D numerical simulation software，the change law for stress and displacement of overlying strata and shaft is analyzed.The results show that after area Ⅲ mining，the maximum stress is 0.13 MPa and the maximum displacement is 1.6mm in the overlying strata，and the maximum stress is 5.9Mpa and the maximum displacement is 0.2 mm in the shaft.Both can meet requirement of the limited standard.The research provides a reference for extraction of residual ore in shallow and large mined-out area.
    Numerical Simulation Analysis of Rock Stress Surrounding Pressure-type Cable Hole under Earthquake Load
    YE Hong, CHEN Yan-Ping
    2015, 44(08):  34-39. 
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    In order to study on the anchor mechanism of cable more precisely，the surrounding rock dynamic stress of anchor hole under the earthquake load were studied by numerical simulation through FLAC3D software，and the effect of gradient elastic modulus，the gradient Poisson's ratio，the gradient cohesion，the gradient internal friction angle of the rock mass surrounding anchor hole on the compressive stress of mortar and the shear stress of the rock mass surrounding anchor hole under the earthquake load were investigated.The results showed that the gradient elastic modulus had a really significant effect on the shear stress of the rock mass surrounding anchor hole，and the gradient cohesion and the gradient internal friction angle also influences the compressive stress of mortar and the shear stress of the rock mass surrounding anchor hole.The results enriched the content of anchorage type pressure mechanism under the earthquake load，which can supply reference to engineering.
    Research of the Roadway Control Technology with Crushed Surrounding Rock in Deep Mine
    GUO Zhong-Ping, ZHANG Gui-Yin, HAN Chun, MOU Wen-Qiang, WANG Yu-Cheng
    2015, 44(08):  40-43. 
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    When the mineral resources are buried underground at 500 m below，the ground pressure will increase and the geological hazards，such as rock burst，is easy to be induced during the deep mining.The surrounding rocks of the roadway in deep mine are reasonably classified by taking the rock mechanics experiments in the laboratory and using the Button rock mass quality classification.Choosing reasonable excavation and supporting forms based on evaluating the stability of surrounding rock in a reliable way can provide the scientific basis for the support design，construction and management.This can effectively prevent the happening of the dynamic impact disaster.Combing with the engineering practice and FLAC3D software，research on plastic zone distribution rule in mining roadway of broken surrounding rock is made to optimize the bolt support parameters.The application of research results reduces the happening of the dynamic impact disaster in deep mining and provides a theoretical basis for the high efficient and safe exploitation of ore-body with crushed surrounding rock in deep mine.
    Research on Middle-deep Hole Directional Fracture Blasting Technology of Cut Tube in the Whole Section
    LU Jun-Ji, CHU Huai-Bao, YE Hong-Yu
    2015, 44(08):  44-47. 
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    The formation and propagation mechanism of directional fracture blasting crack of the slit tube were analyzed.The initial cracks were formed under stress concentration and pressure difference at cut joints.Then the crack propagation process experienced the growth stage under the action of the tangential tensile stress，steady crack propagation phase and macroscopic crack propagation caused by detonation gas driving pressure.On the basis of theoretical analysis and engineering practice，the directional fracture blasting technology of joint-cutting cartridge in composite wedge cut holes and peripheral holes were proposed.The spot application indicated that the cut tube blasting can improve the utilization rate and hole mark rate of blast holes，reduce the blasting disturbance damage to surrounding rock and improve the effect of cut blasting and perimeter blasting.In brief，it is conducive to quicken speed of roadway drivage.
    Research on Goaf Group Instability Modeling and the Safety Thickness of Isolate Pillar
    XIONG Li-Xin, LUO Zhou-Quan, XIE Cheng-Yu, WANG Wei
    2015, 44(08):  48-52. 
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    There exists security risks of goaf group in many metal mines.Regular detection on mine goaf group was carried out based on CMS，forming a dynamic monitoring system and accurately obtaining goaf 3D boundary.The chain instability model of isolate pillars was constructed:the mechanics model of the roof-isolate pillar of goaf was put forward based on catastrophe theory，and the instability criterion of isolate pillar was proposed，to determine the reasonable safety thickness of isolate pillar and prevent from the chain instability of goaf group.The numerical simulation verified the rationality of the calculation.In the research，through accurately controlling the safety thickness of isolate pillars，the disaster induced by goaf group instability can be effectively avoided.The results provide reference for the design of mining scheme.
    Roadway Safety and Support Parameters Analysis of Considering Composite Bolt-rock Bearing Structure Effect
    WANG Chao, ZHAO Guang-Ming, MENG Xiang-Rui
    2015, 44(08):  53-57. 
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    Considering the influence of the composite bolt-rock bearing structure to the support force and the roadway deformation，based on the composite bolt-rock bearing structure，and depending on the limit tension-compression failure criteria of rock and Fenner-Castenay formula，the support force and the deformation of circular roadway were analyzed，thus deriving out the formula of the minimum support resistance and the maximum allowable deformation of the bolt supporting roadway.Depending on the formula，the calculation analysis on samples showed that the minimum support resistance and the maximum allowable deformation of the circular tunnel was positively correlated with the depth of roadway.The minimum support force of the roadway decreased with the increasing of the thickness and internal friction angle of the composite bolt-rock bearing structure，while the maximum allowable deformation of the tunnel increased.It was more reasonable to take bolt-rock bearing structure into account while calculating the minimum support resistance and the maximum allowable deformation of the circular roadway.
    Research on Mineral Processing-metallurgy Combination Technology for an Oxidized Gold Ore in Gansu
    MAO Yi-Lin, CHEN Xiao-Qing, YANG Jin-Zhong, WANG Xiu-Fen
    2015, 44(08):  58-62. 
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    The oxidized gold ore in Gansu contains 2.25 g/t gold and associated silver can be comprehensively recovered.Gold mainly exists in form of independent mineral，most gold ore were wrapped in gangue minerals，like quartz，few others was inlayed in the cracks of pyrite，magnetic pyrite，sphalerite，chalcopyrite and galena with the form of fine particles.In order to high efficiently utilize the resource，mineral processing-metallurgy combination experimental research was carried out based on process mineralogy.The results indicate that the mixed concentration with gold grade and recovery of 74.2 g/t and 91.28% can be obtained at the grinding fineness of 73.00% passing 0.074 mm，via one roughing-one cleaning-two scavenging floatation operation，and gravity separation for floatation tailings.Gold leaching rate of 96.52% and total recovery of 88.10% was obtained by lime pretreatment with mixed concentrate and then leaching by sodium cyanide.The experimental results can provide technology basis for beneficiation of the ore in same type.
    Flotation Characteristics of Different Hornfels-type Molybdenum Ore
    HE Ting-Shu, WU Chang-Ping, SONG Nian-Ping, WAN He, LIANG Guo-Chao, WANG Yang
    2015, 44(08):  63-68. 
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    There is a molybdenum deposit in Henan,ore extracted mainly belong to hornfels-type,including diopside-plagioclase hornfels-type,felsic hornfels-type,and biotite-quartz hornfels-type,molybdenum grade of each type is much similar,with same molybdenum sulfide content.Molybdenite exists in form of lamellar distributed among different minerals in diopside-plagioclase hornfels-type and felsic hornfels-type molybdenum ore；Molybdenite present mainly in acicular and irregular shaped,revealed in layers along the ore breakage,with fine grain size.Single reagent system and grinding fineness was used originally in on-site process,and cannot obtain good molybdenum recovery index.To improve separation index,grinding fineness and reagent system for each type of the ore was optimized based on the ore property analysis.One roughing-one cleaning-one scavenging closed circuit flotation process was conducted using the optimized test conditions.Results show that molybdenite is fine distributed in biotite-quartz hornfels-type molybdenum ore,to achieve liberation fine grinding is needed,and clay mineral content will increase after fine grinding,surface property discrepancy of different minerals become smaller,results in conglutination in each particles,and molybdenum grade of concentrate become lower；molybdenite mainly exists in form of schistose in diopside-plagioclase hornfels-type and felsic hornfels-type ore,and with good floatability,coarsely disseminated and easily to be liberated,the separation index is good.When dealing with the three kinds of ore,effects of ore properties to flotation should be considerate,and adjust the grinding fineness and agent system in time to increase the mineral processing index and improve economic benefit.
    Mineral Test of a Low Grade Sulfide-containing Bauxite Ore in Guizhou
    REN Shao-Feng, LI Tian-Xia, LIU Jin-Hai, CHEN Jun-Gang, ZHU Yi-Min
    2015, 44(08):  69-75. 
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    There is a sulfide-containing low grade bauxite ore in Guizhou Province，with Al2O3 content of 54.71%，SiO2 content of 11.35%，alumina-silica ratio is only 4.82，and 1.33% S.Aluminum mainly exists in form of diaspore，and mainly sulfide-containing ore is pyrite.For fine dissemination of the valualde minerals，entrainment may occur when desulfurization，and is difficult to achieve good separation index.In order to high efficiently develop and utilize the resources，desulfurizing and desilication closed circuit flotation experiment was conducted.Results indicated that:at the grinding fineness of 90% passing 0.074 mm，through one roughing-three cleaning-one scavenging desulfuration flotation，tailings of scavenging endure two roughing-four cleaning-one scavenging desilication flotation，tailings of scavenging from desulfuration cleaning endure two roughing-one cleaning-one scavenging desilication flotation process cleal with the ore，sulfide concentrate with 33.72% S，15.96% Al2O3，4.98% SiO2，and sulfide recovery rate of 75.16%，and bauxite concentrate with 61.13% Al2O3，7.39% SiO2，mass ratio of Al2O3 to SiO2 is 8.27，aluminum recovery rate of 79.64% was obtained.One time grinding，desulfurization and desilication flotation process is an effective process for dealing with the ore and can provide reference for the concentration of sulfide-containing bauxite ore.
    Deimpurity Experiments by Acid Leaching on a Flake Graphite Flotation Concentrate in Yichang
    HU Yu, PENG Wei-Jun, Wang-Cheng-二, SONG Shao-Xian
    2015, 44(08):  76-78. 
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    The carbon content of a flaky graphite flotation concentrate in Yichang was 93.72%，-200 mesh accounted for 83.27%.Main impurity compositions were quartz，kaolin and illite.Mixed acid leaching process condition research was performed in order to obtain high purity graphite.The results indicated that the molar ratio of HCl to HF was 1∶4，the volume to mass ratio of mixed acid to graphite was 3∶1 and leaching at 60 ℃ for 6 h，the removal effect of impurities was the best and high purity graphite with fixed carbon content of 99.1% could be obtained.The analysis results of XRD and SEM indicated that acid leaching process could efficiently dissolve the impurities without destroy the component and structure of graphite，thus can be an important method to obtain high purity graphite.
    Experimental Study on a Low-grade Copper-nickel Sulfide Ore
    WANG Huai, ZHENG Ye, HAO Fu-Lai, YUAN Hong-Qian
    2015, 44(08):  79-84. 
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    There is 0.27% copper and 0.48% nickel in a low grade copper-nickel sulfide ore from Jilin.Nickel mainly exists in form of violarite, pentlandite.Copper mainly exists in form of chalcopyrite, covellite, bornite.Experiments indicated that, good index cannot be obtained by single flotation process.Low intensity magnetic separation was brought in for enrichment of nickel-bearing minerals, for violarite, pentlandite and chalcopyrite is closely associated with magnetite.The magnetic products with high content of object minerals and low content of gangue minerals easy to sliming, and nonmagnetic products with low content of object minerals and high content of gangue minerals easy to sliming were obtained, and then treated by grinding and flotation operation, respectively.Results indicated that: magnetic separation at the grinding fineness of 30% passing 0.074 mm, and regrinding magnetic products and nonmagnetic products to 85% passing 0.074 mm and then endure one roughing-two cleaning-two scavenging closed circuit flotation operation, respectively.Copper and nickel mixed concentrate 1 with copper grade and recovery of 4.53% and 54.63%, nickel grade and recovery of 6.65% and 44.90%, nickel mixed concentrate 2 with copper grade and recovery of 1.88% and 23.98%，nickel grade and recovery of 3.37% and 24. 13% respectively were obtained.Effective separation on copper and nickel sulfide ore was realized.
    Research Progress in Bioleaching of Nickel Sulphide Ore
    WANG Jin-Qing, YAN Qun, LIANG Chang-Li, LUO Xian-Ping
    2015, 44(08):  85-91. 
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    Bioleaching technology is one of the effective methods to treat low-grade nickel sulfide ore.The research object of bioleaching technology on nickel sulfide ore mainly include bioleaching bacteria，mechanism，technology and influencing factors.Common strains for nickel sulfide ore bioleaching and high efficient bioleaching bacteria developed in recent years were introduced.The bioleaching mechanism of nickel sulfide ore was analyzed.Nickel sulfide ore was dissolved under the combined action of both direct and indirect mechanism，meanwhile the galvanic effect also promote the dissolve of the ore，and research progress on bioleaching mechanism of nickel sulphide ore was reviewed.The affection methods of bioleaching process influence factors，including nutrient medium，slurry temperature，slurry pH，pulp density，surface active agent，etc.working on the low grade nickel sulphide ore was summarized.Research field including bacterial cultivation，microbial metabolism，bioleaching dynamics，leaching strengthen technology and technological conditions optimized，etc.on bioleaching of low grade nickel sulphide ore should be promoted in the future.
    Process Mineralogy Research on a High Phosphorus Oolitic Hematite in Henan
    QIAO Jiang-Hui, DU Xiao-Ran, SONG Xiang-Yu, ZHU Chun-Hua
    2015, 44(08):  91-95. 
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    There is 52.50% iron in an oolitic hematite from Henan，iron mainly exists in the form of hematite，with distribution rate of 75.37%.Main minerals are hematite，illite and svanbergite.In order to provide reference for the rational development and utilization of the ore，process mineralogy was conducted.Results indicated that hematite usually exists in form of oval ooid，fine or aphanitic aggregate coated with gangue minerals like oval shape，coupled by the core and a concentric shell，some of which assembled with each other；part of the hematite show xenomorphic granular uneven distribution of monomers or aggregates，few of hematite distributed between sand grains in form of cryptocrystalline cements；hematite was micro-fine distributed，0.037~0.003 mm accounted for 87.17%.It is difficult to obtain the ideal index by the conventional mineral processing methods.Deep(direct) reduction process is recommended for which can transform the low intensity magnetic iron minerals into high intensity magnetite or metallic iron and be separated by low intensity magnetic separation.
    Process Mineralogy Study of Molybdenite Ore Containing Talc in Henan
    ZHANG Qi-Dong, YUAN Zhi-Tao, LI Xiao-Li, LU Ji-Wei
    2015, 44(08):  96-99. 
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    To develop and utilize talcose-molybdenite ore in Henan reasonably and efficiently，the research on process mineralogy was detailedly investigated by the international automatic quantitative mineral technology MLA combining with the means of optical microscopy，chemical phase analysis，etc..The results show that molybdenite is the main valuable mineral and the rest of sulfide minerals are pyrite，sphalerite and chalcopyrite.Magnetite and hematite are the main metal oxide minerals in the ore.Most of molybdenite is disseminated in forms of coarse grain in the ore，however，part of molybdenite is distributed in the ore in forms of stellate and disseminated structure，which is very fine and not easy to liberate completely.Fine grinding is necessary，but it is harmful for flotation after fine grinding because clay mineral，chlorite and serpentine are closely associated with molybdenite in the ore.Based on the findings above，it is recommended that the beneficiation adopts the technical route with stages grinding for this ore.
    Present Situation and Prospects of Research on Kinetics Study of Iron Ore Roasting
    ZHOU Zheng, LI Yan-Jun, CHEN Bing-Yan, ZHANG Yu-Shu, CHEN Chao
    2015, 44(08):  100-105. 
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    Roasting-magnetic separation is an effective way to treat low grade and refractory iron oxide ore.Three commonly used representation methods about dynamics research on iron ore roasting process was concluded，application of both static and dynamic methods used in iron ore roasting process based on the thermogravimetric analysis technology was emphasized.Dynamics research on magnetization roasting，direct reduction and deep reduction process lately is summarized.It is pointed out that magnetization roasting process of siderite can be divided into two stages according to the TG and DTG curves，and its reaction mechanism meets random nucleation and growth mechanism respectively；Direct reduction process on iron ore can be divided into several stages according to the TG and DTG curve，and then classified into slow or rapid reaction stage，from which restricted link of the roasting process will be identified；Hematite will endure three stages，including slow reaction-quick reaction-tendency to equilibrium stage，in the process of deep reduction，the overall reaction fits the random nucleation and growth models，the activation energy is about 320 kJ/mol.It is pointed out that dynamics research on magnetization roasting about natural ore should be emphasized in the future，and provides theoretical support for refractory iron ore roasting key technology.Closely attention should also be paid on combination of thermodynamics and dynamics research during roasting operation，as well as computer simulation research during roasting.
    Influence of Determination Method of Volumetric Weight of Ore on Reserves Estimation: Taking an Iron & Copper Mine as a Case
    SONG Yu-Chen, LIU Zhan-Ning, MENG Hai-Dong, ZHANG Peng-Wei
    2015, 44(08):  106-109. 
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    In order to enhance the accuracy of reserves estimation，analyze the influence of the determination method volumetric weight of ore on reserves estimation，a new determination method of volumetric weight of ore based on interpolation method is proposed.Firstly，based on the prospecting data and prospecting line profile maps of an iron & copper mine，by graphics format conversion and coordinate transformation，the three dimensional geological model of part of the orebody of the iron & copper and the geological database are established；secondly，the ore samples are grouped，and the distance power inverse ratio method is adopted to estimate the grade of orebody；thirdly，based on the test values of orebody samples weight and grade，the linear regression model，quadratic regression model，cubic regression model and logistic regression model interpolation model of volumetric weight of ore and grade are established.Through analysis and comparison，the quadratic regression model is identified as the volumetric weight of ore;finally，the interpolation of volumetric weight of ore is conducted within the three dimensional geological model of orebody，and the reserves are estimated.The reserves estimation results are analyzed，and comparison between the reserves estimation results and the traditional determination method of volumetric weight of ore is conducted.The results show that the difference of the above methods is less，and the average grade of ores estimated by the new method based on interpolation method is slightly higher than the traditional method.Therefore，the method proposed in this paper can provide some reference for enhancing the accuracy of reserves estimation.
    Error Analysis and Correction Method of Sirovision Telemetry System of Jointed Rock Mass
    XU Shuai, ZHANG Chi, AN Long, LI Yuan-Hui
    2015, 44(08):  110-115. 
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    In order to obtain more accurate statistical results when carrying out the data analysis of rock structure by using Sirovision telemetry system of jointed rock mass，firstly，the process of filed measurement and data analysis of the system are studied，and the equipment composition and working principle of the system are introduced.Main source of the errors in the process of investigating and analyzing the jointed rock mass by using the system is analyzed.The errors can be summarized as the error of shooting operation，the error of control point coordinates and the error of joints identification；then，according to the different sources of errors，the corresponding error calibration experiments are carried out so as to analyze the causes of errors generated and the influence of the errors on investigation and analysis results.Effective measures of reducing errors are proposed to correct the investigation and analysis results；finally，rock structure of the typical rock of Jiaojia gold mine is investigated and analyzed based on the corrected Sirovision jointed rock mass investigation and analysis method，and the three-dimensional model of rock mass is reconstructed and the information of the structure surface is extracted.Comparison between the investigation and analysis results of the Sirovision system and the manual measurement results are conducted，and the results show that the data obtained by the corrected Sirovision jointed rock mass investigated and analysis method is consistent with the actual situation，it can meet the precision requirements of jointed rock mass investigation.The unstable structure (wedge structure) of Jiaojia gold mine is analyzed based on the spatial distribution pattern obtained by the corrected Sirovision jointed rock mass investigation and analysis method proposed in this paper.It can provide some reference for stability of rock mass classification and ensuring mine safety production.
    Measurement Acceptance Method Based on DTM Discrete Model in Open-pit Mine
    LI Na, SHAO Bi-Lin, LI Jiao-Qun, 吕Kang-Ting
    2015, 44(08):  116-119. 
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    There are many disadvantages in conventional method，such as slow operating speed，poor stability and big error.According to these disadvantages，taking the Panjiantian iron mine as the research example，the DTM(digital terrain model)discrete model which lies between the discrete model and three dimensional solid model is established.Compared with the corresponding three dimensional solid model from the aspects of calculation accuracy，calculation speed，stability and visual display，the analysis results show that compared with the three dimensional solid model，the calculation error of the DTM discrete model is less than 1.00％and the calculation speed is also improved one order of magnitude.It is very stable and the accuracy can meet the requirements of accuracy；Besides that，the discretization error of the DTM discrete model is lower than the block model.The above analysis results further show that the DTM discrete model is worth being used as the effective method of ore-bearing rock measurement acceptance in open-pit mining，and also has some reference for the related calculation work of civil engineering and highway.
    Goaf Monitoring Based on RG WinLogger and Its Application
    HE Rong-Xing, REN Feng-Yu, CAO Jian-Li, DI Hui-Chao, SONG De-Lin
    2015, 44(08):  120-124. 
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    The Paishanlou gold mine mined the orebody outside of open pit mining boundary with non-pillar open stoping method after transferred to underground mining from open-pit.Large-scale continuous goaf were formed，which left behind potential safety hazard to production of underground and ground surface.The monitoring results with RG winLogger showed that there are three or four segments of stable rocks used as caving controlling level.The shape of caving line was speculated based on the shape of borehole caving section and the observation on the caving of tunnel at 350 m.According to the shape of the caving line，the technical measures for roof stability maintenance were proposed including setting "L" shaped pillar，coordinating mining and filling，controlling blasting parameter，adjusting the direction of discharge of tailings.Good effect on maintaining the stability of goaf roof was achieved.It provides theoretical basis to the final measures of filling gradually from the boundary of caving projective line to inside of goaf.
    Control Technique of the Resonant Impedance Type Hybrid Active Power Filter Based on Sliding Mode Control
    LIANG Ying-Chang
    2015, 44(08):  125-130. 
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    Based on principle of sliding mode control，the mine-used resonant impedance type hybrid active power filter system (RITHAPF) control technology was further researched，and reactive power compensation and harmonic suppression on power grid were made.The switching function modeling method was adopted to make modeling and propose the mathematical model of RITHAPF.Through the derivation of RITHAPF equivalent model，a convergence and stability criterion was put forward for RITHAPF system.Combining the influence of discrete index reaching law on discrete sliding mode control，the reaching law index of the continuous system was extended to the discrete system，to prove that influence of the discrete index on the system perturbations and external disturbances is still robust.Furthermore，according to the discrete mathematical model of active power filter，the synovial discrete mathematical model is given.The active part current tracking controller was designed based on the reaching law of the discrete sliding mode control.The simulation results showed that the resonant impedance type hybrid active filter based on sliding mode control had a good performance of reactive power and harmonic current compensation for 6 kV DC hoisting system bus.
    Mine Video Image Wavelet Threshold Denoising Algorithm Based on Improved Prewitt Operator
    ZHANG Fan, ZHANG Qian
    2015, 44(08):  131-136. 
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    Due to the complexity of imaging environment of mine，the acquired mine video image is relatively vague and blended with a amount of noise，so，it is necessary to take the appropriate method to filter out the noise and improve the resolution of the image.A new wavelet domain mine video image denoising algorithm based on edge detection is proposed so as to deal with the noise image.Firstly，the noise image is pre-processed by adopting average filtering algorithm；secondly，the classical Prewitt operator is improved from the perspectives of detection templates and adaptive threshold setting method，and the improved Prewitt operator is adopted to extract the edge profile information of pre-processed image to obtain the edge image and the non-edge image;finally，the non-edge image is filtered by the improved wavelet threshold function model based on adaptive threshold，the new function model is a combination of the advantage of wavelet hard and wavelet soft threshold function model and the threshold of the new function model can be changed adaptively according to the layer number of wavelet decomposition.In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm，the two mine video surveillance monitoring system images obtained in a mine of Yanzhou，Shandong province are taken as the experiment data，the experimental results show that，the performance of the algorithm in this paper is better than the wavelet hard function model，wavelet soft function model and the two existed improved wavelet function model.Besides that，the time-consuming of the algorithm proposed is shorter than the two existing improved wavelet function model，and it also has some reference for enhance the quality of the mine video surveillance monitoring system images.
    Research on Separation of Copper-silver Polymetallic Ore by HPGR Final Grinding System and Its Mechanism
    ZHANG Qian-Xin
    2015, 44(08):  137-142. 
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    There is 0.24% copper and 85.00 g/t silver in a copper silver polymetallic ore from Wuping.On the basis of flotation conditioning experiments on conventional crushing-grinding process (CCG) products and final high pressure grinding roller(HPGR) grinding system products respectively，closed-circuit flotation tests were conducted at optimum copper and silver bulk flotation-separation of copper from silver conditions，respectively.Results indicated that，beneficiation index on final HPGR grinding system is better than that of CCG.Particle size distribution curve and metal volume distribution curve for both CCG process and final HPGR grinding system were analyzed by least square method.Results indicated that final HPGR grinding system products were higher than that of CCG process in the yield of suitable flotation fraction and easily to be recycled metal quantity；variance on particle size distribution and metal quantity distribution of final HPGR grinding system is much smaller than that of CCG process.Liberation degree of valuable minerals analyzed by MLA(Mineral Liberation Analyzer) show that:liberation degree of suitable flotation fraction(0.01~0.1 mm) by final HPGR grinding system is much higher than that of CCG process.Thus，separation indexes of final HPGR grinding system is much better than the CCG process.The experiments results provide a new clue or method for reduce energy consumption of grinding in mineral processing fields.
    Slope Stability Analysis under Extreme Conditions Based on FLAC3D Software
    LIU Quan
    2015, 44(08):  143-146. 
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    In order to evaluate the stability of the mine slope of a certain open-pit copper mine under extreme conditions in Tibet，with the mining slope A-A profile as the typical research object，the rock mechanical parameters were gained through the rock and soil mechanics laboratory test and the experience analogy method，and the calculation model of slope A-A profile was established by ANSYS software.Then，loaded the heavy rains and seismic loading，the slope displacement，the shear strain increment and the plastic zone size were analyzed by FLAC3D software.The results showed that under the condition of excavation，the biggest cumulative displacement of gravel soil area is about 84.6 mm，and the facial shear strain increment is very small，which is under 0.001.The maximum shear strain increment of gravel soil slope steps rock is less than 0.009 36.There is no plastic zone on the rocky steps and in the gravel soil slope area，and slope step and local gravel soil slope area step are stable.Under the heavy rains and seismic condition，the maximum cumulative displacement is about 366.8 mm，and the maximum cumulative displacement of gravel soil area is about 84.6 mm，with very small facial shear strain increment of under 0.01.The maximum shear strain increment of local gravel soil slope steps rock is less than 0.082.Rock face has a small plastic zone，and the gravel soil slope steps of area has a larger plastic zone wit a lower stability.But the slope remains stable as a whole.
    Digital Identification and Analysis of Rock Mass Structure of High and Steep Slope
    MAO Quan-Sheng, CAO Ji-Gang
    2015, 44(08):  147-149. 
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    The advanced 3D non-contact measurement system of rock mass-ShapeMetriX3D is used to take，photography and measurement on rock structural plane of a high and steep slope in open-pit mine.Photograph on the specified regions from different angles are taken to synthesize a 3D model using the two angle photos of the same position of slope.Then the 3D model is employed to identify and explain the structure of rock and fracture of the generated 3D model using the JMX Analyst module，and simultaneously group the structural plane，obtaining detailed data of geometrical information for all structural plane.By thie method，the high risk and difficulty of Manual collection Rock mass structure surface of high and steep slope can be effectively solved，thus providing the real and reliable data for studying the stability of high and steep slope.
    Influence Law Analysis of Different Precipitation to the Stability of Tailings Dam
    HE Jin-Long, WU Yue-Sheng, LIU Ze-Dong, LIU Lei-2
    2015, 44(08):  150-153. 
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    As rainfall usually influences saturation line of tailing dam，and saturation line is one of the main factors to affect the stability of the tailing dam.Therefore，to study the stability of tailing dam，the influences of saturation line and precipitation should also be investigated.Based on the saturation line of tailing dam，under four different rainfall modes of the normal water level，5% frequency maximum rainfall in 24 h，2% frequency maximum rainfall in 24 h，1% frequency maximum rainfall in 24 h，three kinds of calculation methods including Sweden arc method，Bishop method，and Janbu belonging to the limit equilibrium method，associated with seep synchronous computation，were employed to analyze the stability of tailing dam.It is revealed that minimum safety coefficient has a linear correlation with precipitation.The greater the rainfall，the less the minimum safety coefficient，and the more unstable tailing dam is.Also，the greater the tailing dam area，the greater the influence of rainfall is.
    Key Techniques of Emergency Refuge System in Underground Mine
    LI Yun-Zhu, NI Bin, LIU Xiao-Ming, XIAO Hou-Zao, XU Zhi-Qiang
    2015, 44(08):  154-157. 
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    As an important part of the refuge "six systems"，it is significant to study the key technique of mine emergency refuge system.Taking Huize Branch Company's refuge chamber as an example，on the basis of the design on mine emergency refuge route，and according to the rated staff and national norms，the internal structure，size and shape of refuge chamber are designed.And，the key techniques of internal key subsystems in the refuge chamber such as the oxygen supply system，monitoring system，air pressure self-help system，environment control system and other systems are discussed.The research results show that the system is standard，safe and reliable，affordable，and it can provide guidance for the construction of underground mine emergency system.
    Dynamic Subsidence Prediction Method Based on Negative Exponential Method and Weibull Time Sequence Function
    WANG Xiao-Hua, HU Hai-Feng, LIAN Xu-Gang
    2015, 44(08):  158-162. 
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    In order to analyze the occurrence and development mechanism of surface movement and deformation，a dynamic subsidence prediction method based on negative exponential method and Weibull time sequence function is proposed.The method is based on researching the Weibull time sequence function that describes the variation process of observation points sinking in surface subsidence area，and it is considered that while describing the process of dynamic subsidence of the observation points in the ground，the Weibull time sequence function well fit the subsidence-time (w-t) curve，and the speed-time (v-t) curve and acceleration time (a-t) curve that are deduced by the subsidence-time (w-t) curve also meet the physical process of surface subsidence changes with time effectively.The negative exponential method based on the measured data has the characteristics of strong practical applicability and high prediction accuracy while describing the surface movement basin，the main section of semi-infinite mining negative exponential method subsidence prediction formulas and parameters calculation method are given.According to the general form of the main section of the dynamic subsidence model，the dynamic surface subsidence，tile，curvature，horizontal movement and deformation model of the main section of subsidence basin under the fully mining conditions are established based on combining with the Weibull time sequence function and negative exponential subsidence function，and the dynamic subsidence of a coal mine is predicted.The results show that the prediction results is consistent with the measured results，therefore，the prediction method proposed in this paper can provide some reference for the prediction of dynamic subsidence.
    Exploitation and Application of a New Filling Cementing Materials with Full Tailings of Iron Mine
    YANG Zhi-Qiang, SU Lin, GAO Qian, YANG Xiao
    2015, 44(08):  163-168. 
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    Mining with full tailing filling is the development tendency to exploit iron ore.Reducing the mining cost is the only way to keep iron ore filling stoping.With water-quenched slag as main raw material，alkali and salt as a composite activator，a new type of full-tailing cementing material called as KWF (full tailings consolidated powder in mine) was obtained.Compared with the cement，the KWF has features of lower cost and higher strength.It has obvious advantage for the full tailing filling with high clay.The KWF instead of cement to be used in filling mining can reduce the cost of filling mining，and also realize the comprehensive utilization of the solid waste，so as to protect the environment and realize no waste mining.The KWF has been produced by Tanglong New Building Material Co.，Ltd.and applied in the iron mine in Dongkai mining company with significant economic and social benefits obtained.It lays a foundation for the filling stoping of large lean iron ore in Sijiaying district.
    Iron Recovery by Deep Reduction-magnetic Separation of Tailings from Lunan Mining Company
    JU Hui-Xia, SUN Ti-Chang, ZHAO Gui-Jun
    2015, 44(08):  169-172. 
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    The iron grade of iron tailing is 19.19% in Lunan Mining Limited Company.Main impurity composition is SiO2，content of sulphur，phosphorus，etc.harmful element is low.Iron mainly exists in form of iron silicate，hematite-limpnite，with distribution rate of 47.36% and 33.10% respectively.Ideal indexes cannot be obtained by usual mineral processing methods.For the comprehensive development and utilization of the tailings，deep reduction and magnetic separation technology was carried out.It was showed that the optimum conditions are the sample amount is 100 g，assistant reducing agent CaO dosage is 20 g，reduction amount is 20 g，reductant temperature is 1 100℃，reductant time is 40 min，grinding fineness is 65% passing 0.043 mm，and magnetic field intensity is 110 kA/m，iron concentrate with iron grade and recovery of 91.48% and 86.24% was obtained.
    Gold and Silver Recovering from Cyanide Tailings by Chloridizing Volatilization Method
    LI Zheng-Yao, DENG Wen-Xiang, WANG Wei-Wei, LE Kun
    2015, 44(08):  173-177. 
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    There is 5.82 g/t gold，22.95 g/t silver，and 26.23% SiO2 in a oxidize roasted Cyanide Tailings in Shandong Province.For the recycling of gold and silver in the tailings，chlorination volatilization roasting tests were conducted.The results show that the higher of the SiO2 content in tailings and moisture content in charging pellet，gold and silver chloride volatile is the more unfavorable；chloride volatilization rates of gold and silver is 93.21% and 61.61% respectively with calcium chloride dosage of 8%，moisture content in charging pellet is 0.95%，chloridizing roasting temperature is 1 000 ℃，the roasting time is 40 min.Chlorinated volatile method can realize effective recovery of gold and silver from the cyanide tailings.
    Preparation of Iron Tailings Ceramsite and the Domestic Sewage Treatment
    ZHU Xiao-Li, CHEN Rui-Jun, YAO Lin, WU Zhan-Xing
    2015, 44(08):  178-180. 
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    Ceramsite filter was prepared using iron tailings as main raw material，adding small amount of fly ash，coal gangue，limestone and admixture，and COD removal efficiency by ceramsite was investigated.Results indicated that: with the iron ore tailings，fly ash，coal gangue，limestone，biological mass percentage of 86%，6%，4%，3%，1%，respectively，ceramic diameter of 3~5 mm，roasting temperature of 1 100 ℃，the COD removal rate in domestic sewage by ceramsite can reach 80%.XRD and SEM analysis results indicated that: sodium feldspar generated during roasting increases the strength of ceramsite，at the same time，ceramsite has good adsorption performance for its rough surface，large amount of internal porous，and large specific surface area，which is helpful for pollutant removal in domestic sewage.