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    15 September 2015, Volume 44 Issue 09
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    Blasting Disposal Technology in Large Layer-distributed Mined-out Area
    BAI Jun, WANG Yan-Fei
    2015, 44(09):  1-4. 
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    Facing with the complex mined-out area of open pit，a three-dimensional shape of the mined out area was obtained through drilling and laser scanning.Combined with the researches on the safe roof thickness of the mined-out area in Yuanjiacun Iron Mine，the optimum occasion for treatment was determined to open up free space for the mined out area in overall drifting progress.Taking a large，complex，layer-distributed mined out area group No.25 of Yuanjiacun Iron Mine as a case，the explosion of once pore-forming at full height，zoning and layering is adopted.Interaction between the upper and lower blasting layers，and the lower layer firstly blasts of pillar 25-2 at mined out area，can enlarge the exposed area of the lower mined out area and results in the failure of the mined-out area.The lower layer collapses and then fills the gob as a blasting funnel.The centre cutting effect could create lateral free space，enhance energy efficiency and improve explosive effect.The geometric center of the upper blasting layer near the mined-out area roof acts as the initial explosive point，and the combined effect of radial extrusion explosion and the blasting funnel within the upper layer could apply a secondary impact on the lower basting layer and promote the collapse and filling of the mined-out area，with the desired results achieved.
    Comparative Analysis of Tailings Dam Stability Based on Coupling Model
    YAN Qiong, WU Shun-Chuan, LI Long, WANG Qiang-Zhi
    2015, 44(09):  5-10. 
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    On the background of Xiangfen tailings dam-break of Shanxi province in 2008，the numerical model is built by using stress-seepage coupling and continuum-discrete coupling numerical analysis method.According to the actual dam water level and the point of dam-break，the stress and seepage model sets hydraulic head.Continuum and discrete area are analyzed by finite difference grid FLAC and discrete element PFC，separately.Based on the seepage line calculated by the stress-seepage coupling，the instability and failure characteristics in hydrostatic action are analyzed by the continuum-discrete coupling.Simultaneously，the effectiveness of continuum-discrete coupling is verified by the calculated results of stress-seepage coupling model.Therefore，the slope stability analysis method gets new application.The results show that ①Displacement development of slope in the stress-seepage coupling and continuum-discrete coupling maintains superior consistency in the process of computation，and thus，the seepage line required by the continuum-discrete coupling can be obtained.②Using the buoyant weight parameters，dam materials are considered as soil mass containing water under hydrostatic pressure，which can be used in continuum-discrete coupling method.The calculation results of model are basically the same as the reason of dam-break.
    Inspection and Assessment of Caving and Blasting Effect in Underground Goafs
    CUI Xiao-Rong, LIN Mou-Jin, ZHENG Bing-Xu, YU Hong
    2015, 44(09):  11-15. 
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    In order to inspect and assess the blasting effect of goafs in mines，according to the principle of volume balance before and after blasting，the two indexes，the filling rate and the left volume of goaf，are proposed to assess the blasting and caving effect in goafs.The morphological parameters of the goaf was obtained by 3D laser scanning on goafs，and then the volume of broken rocks was measured and calculated，and the volume of the collapsed surface after blasting was measured.Lastly，the evaluation index was got by the formula derived.The filling rate of goaf k is used to judge whether the main risk for the original goafs are eliminated or not.k>85% means the good blasting effect.The left volume of goaf is the characterization of judging the residual risks.The two indexes above can be used to assess the blasting effect in goafs.Practice has proved that this method has the advantages of high efficiency and low cost，and can meet the requirements of daily production with synchronously cooperation of underground goafs governance and risk-hidden resources exploitation.It provides some reference for the governance and assessment of goafs in other open-pit mines transferred from underground mining.
    Fluid-Mechanical Research and Stability Analysis in Deep Mining of Subsea Resources
    CHEN Qian-Nan, GUO Qi-Feng, WAN Si-Da, DI Ji, DU Wei-Jia, LI Zhao
    2015, 44(09):  16-20. 
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    Accounted for 71% of the earth's surface，the ocean is rich in mineral resources.With the dwindling of land mineral resources，subsea resources exploitation becomes the development direction in further.Subsea bedrock mineral mining is always in condition of rich water and high in-situ stress，so the distributions of water and stress and their fluid-mechanical coupling are significant factors of affecting the safety of subsea deep mining.Based on deep mining in the costal mine of Sanshandao Gold Mine，a series of surveys and measurements on water and stress were carried out to investigate the aquifers in deep mine，measure the in-situ stress，and analyze the joints' distribution law.Through the research on the rock masses' permeability，the fluid-mechanical coupling numerical model was built to simulate the deep mining process.From the research above the in situ stress distribution law，permeability of rock masses in deep mine，the space-time evolutions of displacement and stress during the mining process were achieved and the space-time distribution of potential hazards was also put forwards.
    Roof Subsidence Rule of Gob-side Entry Retaining and Its Analysis of Influencing Factors
    WANG Yi, ZHANG Chun-Hua
    2015, 44(09):  21-25. 
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    Aimed at the large roof subsidence and difficulty in controlling gob-side entry retaining，roof subsidence mechanics model was established on the basis of the energy conservation principle after analyzing the surrounding rock deformation law.A calculation formula of roof subsidence was also worked out，and influencing factors of roof subsidence were analyzed by quantitative analysis and grey relational analysis methods.Results showed that the calculated roof subsidence is 371.45 mm which matches with the field measurements.So the roof subsidence calculation formula is accurate.Roof subsidence was increased with the lane width and mining depth increase，and decreased with increase of roof thickness，in-lane support resistance，coal wall lateral support resistance，filling body width and its elastic modulus.Influencing factors for the roof subsidence of gob-side entry retaining were gradually becoming lower from mining height to elastic modulus，filling body width，immediate roof thickness，in-lane support resistance，lane width and coal wall lateral support resistance.Its incidence degrees were 0.96，0.73，0.68，0.52，0.28，0.13 and 0.04 respectively.These results provide a theoretical foundation for effectively controlling surrounding rock deformation of gob-side entry retaining.
    Simulation and Application of Hybrid Water Injection Process for Low Porosity Coal Seams in Deep Mines
    WEN Jin-Hao, ZHOU Gang, WAN Chun-Xin, YU Yan-Bin
    2015, 44(09):  26-30. 
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    In order to realize the efficient water injection to coal seam with large mining depth，low porosity in Tengdong Shengjian Coal mine，and reduce the dust concentration in coal mining face，the internal law of the coal seam water injection and seepage process was qualitatively analyzed based on a unified unsaturated-saturated flow continuity equation and stress equilibrium differential equations; Secondly，with the mine actual geological conditions and the mine coal seam seepage equation above，the seepage pressure distribution of borehole at 50 m and 80 m was simulated by using COMSOL Multiphysics software.Then，combined with the conclusion from numerical simulation，80 m of borehole and the related mixed hydrostatic water injection technical parameters were chosen，and applied into 3 lower 105 working face.Finally，after the implementation of water injection，and through the field monitoring，average dustfall rate of total dust at working face was 65.96%，and average dustfall rate of respirable dust was 60.6%.It effectively reduced dust concentration at working face.The research provides references for implementing the coal seam water injection in similar coal mines.
    Optimization of Working Face Arrangement on Wulongquan Mine Based on Ore Blending Technology in Stope
    LIU Yan-Zhang, PAN Shi-Hua, ZOU Xiao-Tian, CHEN Xiao-Qiang, ZHANG Qun, ZHANG Bing-Tao
    2015, 44(09):  31-35. 
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    There are many types of ores with different grade in Wulongquan open stope，and parts of low-grade ores are accumulated inside the stope since it can not meet the requirements of the follow-up production and processing directly.The accumulation influences the orderly propulsion of the stope and the improvement of the mining production.The linear programming theory is adopted to build the ore blending model，and find the proper ore blending technical solutions for the low grade ore of Wulongquan open stope.The working face arrangement on Wulongquan Mine is optimized based on specific ore blending technical solutions.The optimized working face arrangement with technical solutions is applied to production plan of Wulongquan Mine.Engineering practices show that the specific ore blending technical solutions take full advantage of the internal ores to participate in ore blending，which is helpful to improve utilization of the ow-grade ores and reduce the cost of ore blending.The specific ore blending technical solutions can be effectively achieved in Wulongquan open stope after the working face arrangement has been optimized.Therefore，the optimization is helpful to recover the low grade ores，promote orderly propulsion of the stope and improve the production and operational efficiency of the mine.
    Study on Monitoring Design of Soft Rock Roadways and its Application
    ZHAO 尔Cheng
    2015, 44(09):  36-39. 
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    With the depleting of easy mining resources，the development of mining industry gradually turn into poor surrounding rock or the deep area.Taking the mining of soft surrounding rock masses for example，the deformation of roadways is fast，and the stability of roadways is poor.Therefore，in order to ensure the safety of roadways，the corresponding monitoring program based on JTM-V2000B pressure gauge and VWM vibrating wire displacement meter is designed for the problems of stress and deformation of soft rock.Combined with the actual situation of roadways，the special areas with worse stability should be paid more attention on monitoring.The program is applied in bauxite to monitor the construction of roadway in shale area beneath the riverbed.The monitoring data on site reflected the stress and displacement trends after excavation.The stress gradually transfer to the internal of surrounding rock masses for the large plastic deformation of soft rock，and the section of roadway becomes smaller and smaller.The monitoring results on stress and displacement can be used to guide the design and the timing of support in roadways.
    Numerical Simulation of Factors Affecting Strata Movement Caused by Caving Method
    DONG Long-Bin, WANG Shao-Quan, JIN Chang-Yu, LIU Zhao-Sheng, ZHOU Yu
    2015, 44(09):  40-44. 
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    With the increase of mining depth，rock mechanics conditions become complicated.Strata movement law of deep mining by caving method is affected by many factors and is different from the shallow.Discrete element method is a numerical method based on the assumption of discontinuity，which is particularly suitable for solving the discontinuity problem of jointed rock mass.Based on the discrete element theory，using numerical calculation software 3DEC，the rock movement law affected by different joint angle，different lateral pressure coefficients and different stages of excavation during caving process of deep ore body were analyzed.The results showed:Dominant structural plane with different dip angle had a significant influence on caving trends.And horizontal joints had a good role in promoting the development of caving；The larger lateral pressure coefficient，the smaller the height caving；During the mining process，large-scale subsidence did not occur when the mining height was 120 m because of bearing arch.The results can provide a frame of reference for determining for the law of strata movement and surface subsidence range of deep ore caving mining method.
    Deep Reduction - Magnetic Separation of Amphibole Type Hematite from Yuanjiacun
    WANG Ying-Zi, HU Yi-Ming
    2015, 44(09):  45-48. 
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    In order to solve the problem in development and utilization of Yuanjiacun amphibole type extremely complex iron ore，tests of deep reduction-low intensity magnetic separation process were conducted.The results showed that iron concentrate with iron grade of 91.60% and recovery of 94.35% was obtained under the condition of raw ore size -2.0 mm，coal blending coefficient 1.5，pulverized coal size -2.0 mm，mass ratio between additives CaO and ore+coal 5%，reduction temperature at 1 275 ℃ for reduction time 60 min，grinding reduction products to 80% -0.074 mm，LIMS for one time at magnetic field intensity 127.39 kA/m.The deep reduction-low intensity magnetic separation process provides strong technical support for effective development and utilization of Yuanjiacun amphibole type hematite
    Flotation Behavior of a New Ester-based Quaternary Ammonium Salt Cationic Collector M-3
    ZHU Xiao-Yuan, MEI Guang-Jun, LEI Zhe, YU Ming-Ming
    2015, 44(09):  49-53. 
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    In order to verify the flotation performance of a new ester-based quaternary ammonium salt cationic collector M-3，which is prepared by Wuhan University of Technology，in the field of iron-increasing and silicon-reduction，pure quartz，pure magnetite and magnetic iron concentrate of Jiugang are selected as research object.It can draw the conclusion that:①the quartz recovery was 94.21%，but magnetite recovery was only 1.56% when the dosage of M-3 was 360 g/t，slurry temperature was 25 ℃,and the pH was 7.That is，M-3 has good collecting ability for quartz，but for magnetite，it has not.②The reverse flotation of SiO2 in iron concentrates(at feed grade of 49.98%) from magnetic separation operation with M-3 cationic collector achieved good indexes:the grade of iron concentrate was 56.39% and the iron recovery was 75.87% under the optimum condition of the dosage of M-3 400 g/t，the dosage of starch 200 g/t，and the pH 7.③FTIR test showed that both physical and chemical absorption happened to M-3 and quartz，but mainly physical absorption.Quantum chemistry calculation indicated that M-3 was more likely to interact with quartz，so M-3 was an effective collector in the field of iron-increasing and silicon-reduction.
    Flotation Experiment on a Refractory Copper-Zinc Sulfide Ore from Northwest China
    LI Ting, LI Guo-Dong
    2015, 44(09):  54-57. 
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    A copper-zinc ore in Northwest China belongs to a typical refractory copper-zinc deposit with characteristics of complex mineral composition，copper-zinc mineral complex disseminated with gangue，and difficult to be separated and sphalerite easy to be floated.In order to develop and utilize the ore reasonably，beneficiation experiment on the ore was made by adopting the preferential flotation process.The results indicated that under the conditions of grinding fineness of 85% -0.074 mm，copper concentrate with Cu grade of 20.15%，Ag grade of 576.40 g/t，zinc grade of 4.66% and copper recovery of 77.32%，silver recovery of 46.67%，and zinc concentrate with zinc grade of 45.21%，Ag grade of 153.80 g/t，copper grade of 0.52% and zinc recovery of 86.15%，silver recovery of 44.73% were obtained respectively with closed-circuit process of copper floating by one roughing-one scavenging，reground the copper rough concentrate to 85% -0.045 mm and then endure three cleaning flotation operation，zinc floating by one roughing-two cleaning-one scavenging process，and middlings return to the flow-sheet in order.Good recovery index of copper，zinc，and silver were achieved from the tests.
    Improvement of Associated Gold Recovery from a Low Grade Copper Ore in Yunnan Province
    HE Qing-Lang, YANG Bo, TONG Xiong, XIE Xian, MO Feng
    2015, 44(09):  58-61. 
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    A copper ore in Yunnan Province contains 0.35% Cu，0.114 g/t Au，the recovery of copper and gold is 91.60% and 45.70% respectively through the on-site process，at the grinding fineness of 74.30% -0.075 mm using sodium butyl xanthate as copper collector.To improve the recovery of associated gold，copper flotation experiments were conducted based on the on-site process with gold recovery improving as goals.The results showed that copper concentrate with 22.48% Cu，4.53 g/t Au，Cu and Au recovery of 92.85% and 56.30% respectively was obtained through the closed-circuit flotation process of one roughing-three cleaning-two scavenging at grinding fineness of 80% -0.075 mm，and with ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate and Z-200 as combined collector and 730A as frother.Therefore，Z-200 and ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate as combined collector not only improves the index gold recovery in copper concentrate by 10.60 percentage points，but also increase copper recovery by 1.25 percentage points.
    Beneficiation Tests on a Low-grade Secondary Digenite Ore from Jiangxi
    MIAO Liang, PENG Jian-Cheng, LIU Jian
    2015, 44(09):  62-64. 
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    A digenite ore from Jiangxi contains only 0.30% copper.Primary copper sulfide accounts for only 6.67% of the total copper，while secondary copper sulfide content is 80.00%.Digenite mainly exists among gangue or pyrite grains in shape of irregular granular aggregate.Liberation from pyrite is easy for most of digenite ores except the fine digenite.For the efficient recovery of the ore resources，beneficiation tests were conducted.The results showed that:at the grinding fineness of 70% passing 200 mesh，through the process of one roughing-two cleaning and one scavenging Cu-S bulk flotation，one roughing-two cleaning-one scavenging separation flotation between pyrite and copper sulfide for Cu-S mixed concentrate，middlings returned in order (tailings of the first cleaning and concentrates of the scavenging mixed，and reground to 85% passing 325 mesh and then returning)，copper concentrate with 20.29% Cu，42.97% S，and copper recovery of 71.02%，sulphur concentrate with 0.28% Cu，37.42% S，and sulphur recovery of 80.04% is obtained separately.Good recovery of copper and sulfur was achieved.
    Experiments on Cu-Mo Mixed Concentrate Index Improving for a Low Grade Porphyry Cu-Mo Ore
    LU Zhao-Feng, WANG Ming-Fang
    2015, 44(09):  65-67. 
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    The copper and molybdenum content of a low grade porphyry Cu-Mo ore are 0.339% and 0.022%，respectively.Cu-Mo mixed concentrate which will endure separation of copper from molybdenum,with Cu grade and recovery of only 17.23% and 86.40%，and Mo grade and recovery of only 0.629% and 48.60% was obtained fristly through the closed-circuit process of one roughing，three cleaning and three scavenging at the grinding fineness of 60% passing 0.074 mm.Reagents optimization experiments were conducted at the grinding fineness of on-site process to improve the bulk flotation index.The results indicated that：the collector of Pj-053+transformer oil replaced by Pj-053+Jingjiang-molybdenum in the original process，Cu-Mo mixed concentrate with Cu grade and recovery of 18.89% and 92.50%，and Mo grade and recovery of 1.023% and 77.19% were obtained respectively.Compared with the on-site process，mixed concentrate of Cu and Mo grade increased 1.66 and 0.394 percentage points，Cu and Mo recovery increased 6.10 and 28.59 percentage points.Index was improved significantly.
    Beneficiation Experiment on a Refractory Lead-zinc Sulfide Ore from Fujian
    GUO Wan-Fu, LIU Shu-Zhong, HUANG Shi, LI Bao-Zhu
    2015, 44(09):  68-71. 
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    A lead-zinc ore in Fujian belongs to a refractory lead-zinc sulfide ore with characteristics of complex mineral composition，complex dissemination and close associations with each other.In order to high efficiently exploit and utilize the resources，experimental study on the ore was made by adopting the preferential flotation process.Results showed that under the grinding fineness of 70％ -0.074 mm，lead concentrate with Pb grade of 41.46% and recovery of 81.76%，and zinc concentrate with Zn grade of 48.26% and recovery of 84.88% were obtained respectively by the process of lead concentration with one roughing-three cleaning-two scavenging，zinc concentration with one roughing-three cleaning-one scavenging，and middlings back to the flow-sheet in turn.The selective flotation process is a highly efficient method for exploiting the ore.
    Effect of Cement Fillings Mixture on the Index of Gold Flotation and the Solving Measures
    HAN Liang
    2015, 44(09):  72-75. 
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    One of the underground gold mines in Hebei province，ore mixed with 5% cement filling body when mined，result in some problems such as Floatability decline of nature gold and pyrite associated gold，flotation foam becoming small and sticky，grinding fineness artificially high on the native gold and gold content pyrite，which seriously affects the gold recovery and the stability of the production process.In order to solve the problems taken by cement filling body，the structure of process and pharmaceutical system was improved and optimized，and the condition of Nelson concentrator are modified on the basis of laboratory test and industrial test.The Nelson gold concentrate grade and recovery reached 1 656.37 g/t，21.79% respectively after modification，and the flotation gold concentrate grade and recovery reached 107.61 g/t and 70.03%，and the gold concentrate recovery of nelson and the all flow raised 4.42 and 6.47 percentage points respectively.For the problems exposed by the scene，measures from the tests are feasible and effective，and can provide reference for the similar mines.
    Experiment on Diasporic Bauxite Floatation Using a New Collector G7
    WANG Zu-Xu, LI Nan
    2015, 44(09):  76-79. 
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    A new kind of efficient collector namely G7 used in direct floatation of bauxite has been developed by Kunming Metallurgy Research Institute.In order to verify its good performance in improving floatation index，resisting low temperature easy defoaming and dewatering，tests have been done by employing it in floatation of a diasporic bauxite from Yunnan Province.The results show that with grinding fineness of 90% -0.074 mm，by adopting the closed circuit process of two roughing-two cleaning-one scavenging，bauxite concentrate with Al2O3 grade of 75.51%，recovery of 89.13% and allumina-silica ratio of 15.63，and bauxite concentrate with Al2O3 grade of 76.25%，recovery of 90.28% and allumina-silica ratio of 16.68 were obtained at the slurry temperature of 3 ℃ and 20 ℃，respectively.Observations during the experiments together with the index analysis on the concentrate indicates that G7 is a kind of adaptable collector with high performance，high stability under low temperature and high efficiency for bauxite flotation.
    Research on Process Mineralogy of a Copper Ore from Anhui Province
    BAI Li-Mei, LI Meng, HAN Yue-Xin, YUAN Zhi-Tao, LIU Li-Na
    2015, 44(09):  80-84. 
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    In order to reasonably and efficiently develop and utilize a copper ore from Anhui Provence, the research on process mineralogy was investigated. The results show that chalcopyrite， pyrite, pyrrhotite, magnetite are the main valuable minerals, and associated gold and silver can be comprehensively recovered, gangue minerals are mainly garnet, quartz, pyroxene, talc, etc..Mineral structures are mainly idiomorphism-half idiomorphism grain structure, metasomatic texture, anhedral grain, and interstitial structure, stars and pots structure also exists. Mineral textures are mainly massive, disseminated, stripes (band) texture. Chalcopyrite often interstitial in gangue minerals in form of anhedral grain, some closed associated with pyrite, pyrrhotite and magnetite. Chalcopyrite are mainly finely disseminated. Magnetite many disseminated in irregular blocks or short banded aggregates, some intergrowth along the edge of pyrite minerals. The particle size of chalcopyrite is uneven,+75 μm accounted for 8.19%, -13.5 μm accounted for 25.17%, stage grinding stage separation process is proposed.
    Prospecting Direction and Metallogenic Characteristics of Iron Polymetallic Ore in Yong'an-Meizhou Depression Belt
    ZHOU Yan, WU Ling, KANG Cong-Xuan, FAN Fei-Peng, CHEN Le-Zhu, LUO Xue-Quan
    2015, 44(09):  85-89. 
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    The genesis and prospecting direction of the iron polymetallic deposits located in the Yong'an-Meizhou depression belt are discussed by analyzing the ore-bearing stratum,sedimentary characteristics,ore-forming material sources and the superimposition and reworking process caused by the Yanshanian intermediate-acidic magmatism of the iron polymetallic deposits located in the Yong'an-Meizhou depression belt.The research results show that:①the lower Jingshe formation dominates major ore-bearing stratum of the iron polymetallic deposits,followed by the upper Qixia formation,iron is mainly derived from submarine volcanism;②Pb,Zn,W,Sn and other metal elements derive from both sedimentation and magmatism;③the iron polymetallic elements are remobilized，superimposed and enriched by the intermediate-acidic magmatism intrusions of Yanshanian，spatially forming the Fe-Mo and Fe-Pb-Zn polymetallic ore.Based on the above analysis results，it is considered that the ore-genesis of Makeng-type iron deposit is marine volcanic sedimentation-magmatic hydrothermal superimposition，the ore-prospecting should be oriented on both sides of ultra-crustal faults zone along Yushui-Makeng-Yangshan in the southeast Yong'an-Meizhou depression belt，therefore，it can provide some reference for the prospecting work in the research region.
    Metallogenic Prediction and Analysis of the Three-dimensional Metallogenic Conditions of Jiaojia Gold Ore Belt
    XU Bin, CHEN Jian-Ping, XIANG Xuan
    2015, 44(09):  90-94. 
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    The geological prospecting model of Jiaojia gold ore belt is established by analyzing the geological characteristics and ore-controlling conditions of the large and medium-sized typical ore deposits in Jiaojia gold ore belt，Shandong province.The geological ore-controlling conditions and the change rule of prospecting criteria in the deep are summarized.The three-dimensional geological solid model of rock mass，the known orebody and geophysical anomalies are obtained by utilizing Surpac software.Based on the above analysis results，firstly，the three-dimensional solid model is divided into small cubes by adopting the cubic predicting model.Combing with the geological prospecting model，the identified prediction parameters are regarded as attribute values assigned to each cube of the three-dimensional solid model so as to establish the digital prospecting model; then，the three-dimensional metallogenic favorable conditions are analyzed and extracted from the 13 prediction variables of geological，geophysical and geochemical of the research area，and the information quantity values of the 13 prediction variables are calculated by using the three-dimensional information method to look for the space parts of the mineralization favorable combinations.Besides that，6 prospecting target areas are delineated on the basis of the information such as actual geological conditions，distributions of the existing mine engineering and so on; finally，the total mineral resources of 6 prospecting target areas are obtained as 382.482 8 t by adopting the volume estimating method.The above analysis results can provide some reference for the prospecting work in this research area.
    Reserve Estimation and Establishment of Three-dimensional Geological Model of Bairong-Gangjiang Cu(Mo) Deposit，Tibet
    JIAN Run-Tang, YANG Fan, WANG Yan-Mei, HAN Yan-Wei
    2015, 44(09):  95-99. 
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    A large number of geological exploration data of Bairong-Guangjiang Cu(Mo) mining area are collated and digitized based on DIMINE software.According to the characteristics of the ore-bodies and mineral veins of Bairong-Gangjiang Cu(Mo) mining area，the ore-bodies are delineated again and the formation model，rock mass model and ore-body model of Bairong-Gangjiang Cu(Mo) mine are established by the generated drilling database so as to realize the three-dimensional visualization of the geological data in the deep Bairong-Gangjiang Cu(Mo) mining area.The Cu and Mo grades are assigned by adopting the distance power inverse ratio method by checking and calculating repeatedly.Based on the assigned results，reserves estimation and statistics of the Bairong-Guangjiang Cu(Mo) mine are conducted.The research results show that the three-dimensional geological model of the Bairong-Gangjiang Cu(Mo) mining area established in this paper can reveal the metallogenic regularities and the underground space distribution characteristics of the geological bodies from the perspective of three-dimensional，and it provides convenience for estimating the reserves of mineral resources；the precision of reserve estimation is high by using the distance power inverse ratio method based on the three-dimensiol geological model of Bairong-Guangjiang Cu(Mo) deposit.Therefore，it has some reference for realizing the dynamic management of mine resources.
    S,Pb Isotope Geochemical Characteristics of the Gaerqiong-Galale Gold-Copper Ore-concentrated Area
    BAI Yun, ZHANG Zhi, CHEN Yu-Chuan, TANG Ju-Xing, HE Lin, YANG Yi
    2015, 44(09):  100-104. 
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    Taking the Gaerqiong-Glalae Cu-Au ore-concentrated area as the research object，the S and Pb isotope compositions characteristics of sulfide ore and the metallogenic material sources are analyzed.The results show that:①the δ34S value of the ore metal sulfides vary from -4.4‰ to 6.2‰，with the average δ34S value of 0.13‰，mainly between -2 ‰ and 1.5 ‰，and with the characteristics of tower distribution,it overall reflects the characteristics of mantle magma sulfur，but has been contaminated by a few of crustal sulfur;②the composition range of Pb isotope of the ore is large，showing the characteristics of mixed source of lead,the characteristics of μ value and tectonic environment discrimination diagram indicate that lead of the research region is originated in the mantle source region，mainly the upper crust and mantle mixed orogenic belt lead;③comparing with the Buza and Naruo deposit in Duolong ore-concentrated area and the Gaerqiong-Glalae Cu-Au ore-concentrated area，it is considered that the source of sulfur of the above ore-concentrated areas are both magmatic sulfur，and the ore-forming materials of Duolong ore-concentrated area is relatively deep with the environment of subduction，and the ore-forming materials of Gaerqiong-Galale ore-concentrated area is relatively shallow with the environment of collision.The above analysis results have a certain reference for the prospecting work in the research area.
    Design and Realization of Database for Open-pit Truck Dispatching System
    DU Jiu-Sheng, WANG Li, HOU Zheng, CHEN Yi-Jin
    2015, 44(09):  105-111. 
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    There are shortcomings of manual count in traditional open-pit management，and partial special database fail to make full use of spatial data.Given this situation，from the view of spatial analysis in GIS，a database construction plan is proposed，which is established for open-pit truck dispatching system and uses SQL Server 2008 as backend database.Based on requirements analysis of the truck dispatching system，conceptual design，logic design，physical design and database building are done.A newly added spatial data type of SQL Server 2008 named Geography is introduced，and it is used for spatial data storage and management.With the fundamental spatial data of open-pit and running track of vehicles as the basis for spatial analysis，a series of common functions are realized，such as display vehicle location，track back and automatic statistics of vehicles workload，etc.This plan ensures the accuracy of automatic statistics and saves the manpower.Moreover，it provides a strong technical support for further promoting the open-pit managerial modernization.
    Design and Realization of Open-pit Slope Displacement Monitoring System of Beidou Satellite
    DAI Duo, LU Cai-Wu, GU Qing-Hua, ZHOU Li-Jing
    2015, 44(09):  112-115. 
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    With the continuous mining of open-pit，slope stability becomes an important safety issue concerned in open-pit mining.However，for the traditional monitoring，there are many monitoring projects，large amounts of data and great difficulties in analysis.To deal with it，a monitoring system of slope displacement in open pit based on Beidou satellite system is designed and developed to achieve real-time and highly automated monitoring on slope displacement，and to scientifically and efficiently deal with the monitoring data.The general design and technical architecture of the system and the design and implementation of each subsystem′s functions are introduced in detail.The implementation of the system provide an effective technical means for slope monitoring，and also provide a basis for guiding the decision-making of managers.
    Research on Hollow Grouting Anchor Damage Law Analysis and Performance Optimization of the Key Technologies
    HUANG Zhong-Feng
    2015, 44(09):  116-121. 
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    For hollow grouting anchor in the highlands stress soft rock roadway process for technical problems，Depth study of the failure mechanism of hollow grouting anchor，anchor grouting and bearing performance is optimized，thus achieving grouting and supporting the integration of the roof to prevent accidents. According to the site investigation of zhu ji mine routing anchor damage rate reached 83.4 percent，Occurs mainly in the vicinity of the shear locks and strand breakage and grout - anchor the interface shear slip phenomenon caused withdrawal anchor. Using mechanical calculations and numerical simulation method to analyze the stress FLAC3D anchor and mortar interface status and failure mechanism，Stress formula obtained grouting anchor and stress distribution，Through simulation experiments stress evolution of grouting anchor grouting under different effects，characteristics and evolution of shear slip displacement limit，And raised the pressure grouting anchor seismic devices and a slurry hole location optimization of key technologies，Field results show that the anchor damage rate decreased to 17.3%，the deformation of the roadway has been effectively controlled，grouting effect has been significantly improved.
    Effect of the Wind Speed and the Nozzle Angle on Single Particle of Mist
    LIU Zhi-Chao, LI Bin, LI Yan-Bo
    2015, 44(09):  122-125. 
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    In order to study the effects of nozzle angle and wind on movement trajectories of single particle，the experimental platform which was made up of wind supple system，mist supple system and test system was designed.High speed digital camera was adopted to make experiments on different wind speeds and nozzle angles.Through measuring the movement of a single particle under different working conditions when fan is on，the single particle trajectory of mist was drawn by using MATLAB，and the relationship between a single particle trajectory and the wind speed the nozzle angle was obtained.The speed of single particle is improved when the wind increases，and the nozzle angle has little effect on the movement of single particle.
    Slope Deformation Monitoring System of Haizhou Open-pit Mine
    邬珂瑞
    2015, 44(09):  126-130. 
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    In order to grasp the deformation regularity of open-pit slope in time，a set of real-time dynamic to reflect the auto-monitoring system of slope deformation was established based on the GPS (Global Positioning System) monitoring technology，network communication technology and computer technology，etc.The system adopts high precision GPS to obtain the 3D(3 Dimensions) coordinates of the monitoring points，and then uses GPRS(General Packet Radio Service) communication module to send data package to the computer.The data can be calculated into image data processing software to realize the automation of the slope deformation monitoring.Taking the North Haizhou open-pit as the object of monitoring，the monitoring results show that after a period of monitoring，the average slope horizontal displacement deformation is 52.6 mm，the average slope vertical displacement deformation is 17.3 mm，the average horizontal displacement rate was 0.33 mm/d，the average vertical displacement rate was 0.11 mm/d.The Construction of slope deformation monitoring system has achieved high precision and auto-monitoring，thus providing effective technical support for dynamic disaster warning and timely making safety decisions.
    Simulation Experiment Teaching System in Prediction and Control of Mining Subsidence
    CHA Jian-Feng, XU Meng-Qiang
    2015, 44(09):  131-134. 
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    Simulation teaching is the advanced stage of Computer Assisted Instruction.In order to improve teaching effectiveness，and from views of the deficiencies of the traditional teaching and the advantages of simulation teaching，a simulation teaching system based on VB was developed to predict and control mining subsidence，and then was introduced into the teaching program of mining subsidence.Through discussing the development principle and the function of the system，the functions and characteristics of the three modules were introduced in detail，which include the ground movement and deformation analysis module，the dynamic demonstration module and the mining subsidence control module.According to this system，the human-computer interface was adopted to communicate with the system and to enable students to fully understand and grasp the mechanism of surface and rock failure，and the prediction and control of mining subsidence，thus effectively improving the teaching quality and effectiveness.The practice showed that the introduction of computer simulation into the teaching of mining subsidence can greatly improve the students' comprehension ability and cultivate students' interest in learning.
    Hang Dry Separator and Its Application
    LIU Bing-Yu, XU Yin-Quan, XUE Feng-Qi, QIU Shi
    2015, 44(09):  135-138. 
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    It is an important mean for plants to decrease costs and increase efficiency by pre dry separation before grinding when dealing with lean magnetite ore.A new type dry separator for pre-separation of lean magnetite，hang magnetic dry separator was researched and developed by Anshan Jin Yufeng Beneficiation Technology Co.，Ltd.facing the problems of the gradually lean magnetite resources，and “concentrate are not really enriched and tailings cannot be discarded” when using conventional magnetic pulley for pre separation.On the basis of introduction about basic structure and working principle of hang magnetic dry separator，using two kinds lean magnetite ore as research object，and with hang magnetic dry separator and magnetic pulley as sorting equipment respectively，contrast experiments of dry pre-separation efficiency were conducted.Applications of hang magnetic dry separator in three mines were introduced.Both research and pilot experiments indicated that:hang dry separator has better iron recovery efficiency，can discard tailing more thoroughly，and tailings have lower content of magnetic iron.Thus，hang magnetic dry separator is a new high efficiency dry pre-separation device.
    Experimental of Metallurgical Dust Sorting Using Suspended Vibration Cone Concentrator
    ZHANG Jin-Xia, ZOU Xuan, LI Zhuo-Lin, NIU Fu-Sheng
    2015, 44(09):  139-142. 
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    Metallurgy dust contains a lot of single-crystal iron minerals with granularities in 0.05~0.08 mm in Tangshan Iron and Steel Group.In order to high efficiently develop these secondary resources，iron recovery tests have been carried out with new and high efficient，fine grained optional equipment-suspended vibration cone concentrator.Results indicated that iron concentrate with iron grade of 56.79% and recovery of 61.23% was obtained by using LXZ-1200A type of suspension vibration cone concentrator，when the feeding density was 20%，and rotation speed was 1.2 r/min，the vibration frequency of disk was 385 per minute，the feeding capacity was 0.35 t/h，the flow rate of flushing water was 1.08 m3/h.Good enrichment results can be obtained through once gravity separation，revealing that suspended vibration cone concentrator is suitable for development and utilization of metallurgical dust.
    Reform Scheme Selection of Ventilation and Main Fan Transformation in Lubanshan South Mine
    GONG Liang-Wei, HE Hua, ZOU De-Jun
    2015, 44(09):  143-146. 
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    There is a big difference between the main ventilator′s theoretical characteristic curve and practical curve in Lubanshan South Mine，and the designed air volume of the mine is smaller than the actual air volume，while the designed mine ventilation resistance is larger than the actual mine ventilation resistance，resulting in the fan operating point being at an obviously unreasonable point at present：Fan has no surplus capacity with low efficiency.First from the optimization of the ventilation line，three ventilation schemes are put forward，two of which feasible schemes being calculated by ventilation network calculation software.By qualitative comparison of ventilation network calculation results with several other aspects，the optimal scheme is determined，namely，the plan of three intake one return.In combination with the selected optimal mine ventilation system，considering the technical feasibility，operation cost and investment cost of the mine main fan consideration，it is proposed that the existing two sets of rotary explosion-proof axial flow type main fan is technologically transformed，i.e.，changing fan blade and replacing its motor，and then the main fan with larger ventilation capacity is used in later period，combining with the ventilation reform at the second level.
    Stability Analysis of Coarse Grain of Dumping Under the Condition of Rainfall
    LI Chao, MA Shu-Zhi, JIA Hong-Biao, LI Tian-Ci
    2015, 44(09):  147-151. 
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    Based on saturated-unsaturated seepage finite element theory，the infiltration mechanism and characteristics of coarse grain of dumping under the condition of rainfall analysis in a mining area in Shanxi were investigated.On basis on the sieving test of slags in different dumping period，the unsaturated permeability coefficient was derived through particle size distribution curve.Combined with an engineering example，and with use of the numerical simulation software Geostudio，the finite element model of slope seepage was established，and quantitative analysis on the effect of rainfall stage on for coarse mine stability was made.Results showed that the particularity size and structure of the coarse grain mine results that the change trend of matric suction along with saturation is not significant.While，the previous dump has a better compactness，and the rainfall seepage mainly comes to the third period of dumping with a greater hydraulic conductivity.At the same time，the unobstructed seepage channel in dump can easily cause a local rapid rise in hydraulic gradient，and also because of its fast drainage process，the stability coefficient of coarse mine has a not obvious lagging.But in a short time after the rain，it will have a certain amount of rebound.
    Study on the Ground Subsiding Area Caused by Underground Mining and Its Developing Tendency
    LIU Shi-Jie, LI Tie, MA Hai-Tao, LIU San-Ping
    2015, 44(09):  152-156. 
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    Combined with the probability integral method and numerical simulation，the effect that underground mining conduct on the residential buildings around is studied.Results show that the residential buildings are at the boundary of the mining subsiding area，the dipping，curvature and horizontal deformation of subsidence are 0.08 mm/m，0.009×10-3 m，0.4 mm/m respectively，which are within the indexes given in related standards.The subsiding scope in numerical simulation is larger than that in probability integral method.Comparison of the subsiding scope at the same section shows that the subsiding width in numerical simulation is 407.6 m，larger than 366.7 m in probability integral method.Besides，fitting analysis on the subsiding monitoring data shows that the slope of the subsidence changing in recent years is less than 0.03，which means the ground subsiding tends to be steady and there is no new subsiding trend.Therefore，it is concluded that the residential buildings around will not be affected by the underground mining activities.It's found that error may occur in the choosing of the parameter reflecting the property of the overlying stratus，which lead to a difference between the results solved by probability integral method and numerical simulation.It's better to conduct studies in different ways to avoid error in dealing with problems in order to ensure the correction of the results and the harmony between underground mining and people's daily lives.
    Ping Damage Expriment in Dam Foundation of Tailing Reservoir
    WEI Yong, ZHAO An-Wen, Xu-Kai-Li
    2015, 44(09):  157-160. 
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    Based on design data of a Pingwu tailing reservoir of lead-zinc concentrator in Mianyang city，a series of flume model experiments were conducted to study seepage damage (piping) of tailing dam foundation by simulation experiment platform of tailing dam-break.The whole development process from seepage damage (piping) incipit to dam failure was observed and analyzed，and it means that piping damage of tailing dam foundation can be generalized into four stages:no seepage deformation stage，forming stage，development stage and overall damage stage.Evolution mechanism of seepage damage (piping) was revealed:piping channel towards the upstream develops only within a certain area and eventually stops when horizontal average hydraulic gradient is under critical hydraulic gradient.Piping channel will persistently propagate towards the upstream and finally cause dam foundation structure to fail or break as the horizontal average gradient exceeds the critical value.The experiment result showed that piping damage of tailing dam foundation only occurs in shallow area at the top of tailings; Horizontal average critical hydraulic gradient of piping damage is 0.484.
    Land Reclamation Plan of an Ionic Rare-earth Mine in Southern China
    JU Li-Ping, ZHU Yi-Bin, LI Qing
    2015, 44(09):  161-165. 
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    In order to better conduct the land reclamation plan of ionic rare-earth mine in Southern China，characteristics of land destruction was introduced based on the land reclamation plan on compiling regulation.Taking an ionic rare-earth mine as a case，the land destruction of this type of mine was introduced，and the design characteristics in reclamation time sequence，overburden stripping and stockpiling，in-situ leaching mining stope drainage engineering，risk fee，etc were summarized，comparison between different reclamation method was conducted.It can be concluded that ionic rare-earth reclamation includes two areas:land that will be destroyed and that have already been destroyed.For land that will be destroyed，influence of leaching solution leaking on plant roots and groundwater was considered combined with in-situ leaching characteristics，and water collecting and drainage system and extracting risk fund should be emphasized; For land that have already been destroyed，investigation on characteristics，degree，size and site condition of land being damaged should be made，combining with the current situation of abandoned mining area.
    Effect of Fines Content on Undrained Shear Strength of Tailings Under High Stress
    PAN Jian-Ping, WANG Yu-Ge, SONG Ying-Lu
    2015, 44(09):  166-169. 
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    The shear strength and particle breakage characteristics of saturated tailings were studied by the consolidated undrained triaxial (CU) tests.The stress-strain relationship，pore water pressure characteristics，stress path，and particle breakage degree of tailings sand were discussed under different fines content and confining pressure.The testing results showed that，the shear strength and stress softening degree of the high stress tailings are decreased with fines content increasing at the fines content less than 15%.The increase of fines content leads the pore water pressure to a higher value.The stress path is completely softening-contractive model under different fines content.The breakage degree of particles is decreased with fines content increasing，and there is a power function growth relationship between particle breakage parameters and confining pressure.Therefore，in order to improve the stability of tailings dam，the scheme of coarse particle tailings used to build dam in practice projects was proposed，or taking other engineering measures.
    Calculating on the Prediction Parameters of Mining Subsidence with Probability Integral Method Based on Matlab
    SHEN Zhen, XU Liang-Ji, LIU Zhe, QIN Chang-Cai
    2015, 44(09):  170-174. 
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    The prediction parameters of mining subsidence are calculated by the probability integral method of the surface deformation data obtained by the observation stations established on the surface of mining working face，and the mining subsidence of the surrounding area of mining working face or the mining working face under the similar mining conditions are predicted to conduct evaluation and guidance on the mining operation.Therefore，obtaining the prediction parameters of mining subsidence with high precision is the precondition of prediction and inversion of mining subsidence prediction.Based on Matlab software，the deformation data of observation points are fitted by the least square method to calculate the prediction parameters of mining subsidence with probability integral method.Combing with the drawing tools of Matlab software，the mining subsidence visualization system with the functions of data loading，coordinate transformation，calculation parameters，the output of calculation results，prediction and inversion of mining subsidence is developed.Taking the 11316 working face of Xieqiao coal mine，Huainan city as the research example，according to the deformation data of the observation points of the surface observation stations，the prediction parameters of mining subsidence are calculated，and comparison between predicted parameters and measured parameters is conducted.The results show that the predicted parameters calculated by the mining subsidence visualization system is consistent with the basic rules of the mining subsidence in Huainan & Huaibei mining area，and the inversion results of the mining subsidence visualization system is identical to the measured parameters.The mining subsidence visualization system can provide reference for realizing the prediction and inversion of mining subsidence with high precision.
    Antimony and Copper Recovery from Iron Tailings Generated from Lead Slag Using Oxidizing Acid Leaching-Tartaric Acid Complexation
    YANG Hui-Fen, LI Cai-Hong, WANG Chuan-Long, TAN Hai-Wei, MENG Jia-Le
    2015, 44(09):  175-180. 
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    Recovery of antimony and copper by oxidation acid solution-tartaric acid complexation leaching methods from tailings of lead slag coal-based direct reduction was conducted.The results showed that:①leaching rate of antimony and copper were only 64.37% and 85.41% respectively under the optimal conditions of sulfuric acid 169.5 g/L，hydrogen peroxide 12.50 mg/L，liquid to solid ratio 6∶1 at 90 ℃ oxidized reaction 60 min.② Hydrolysis of Sb3+ and Cu2+ ion can be inhibited by complexation reaction using tartaric acid.Leaching rate of antimony and copper were 78.79%，90.72% respectively with tartaric acid of 25 g/L for reaction 10 min.The leaching rates were increased by 14.42 and 5.31 percentage points compared with without tartaric acid adding.③The stability of Sb3+，Cu2+ ion and the leaching rate of antimony and copper were also affected by filtrate pH.The leaching rate of antimony and copper increased from 78.79%，90.72% to 86.07%，91.58% respectively when filtrate pH decreased from 7.0 to 1.5.Therefore，the leaching rate of antimony and copper were improved by tartaric acid adding in oxidizing acid leaching process as the complexing agent or controlling filtrate pH to inhibithydrolysis of Cu2+ and Sb3+ ions.