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    15 October 2015, Volume 44 Issue 10
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    Research Progress and Trend of Characteristics about Wall Slip in Paste Pipeline
    ZHANG Lei, WANG Hong-Jiang, LI Gong-Cheng, WU Ai-Xiang, LIU Xiao-Hui
    2015, 44(10):  1-5. 
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    Paste filling technology has gradually become an important development direction of filling method because of its advantages in safety，environment protection and high efficiency and other aspects，and the paste conveying pipeline is the key link in the system.The phenomenon of wall slip exist in the process of paste flow，but its mechanism is not clear，and the research for behavior of paste slip flow is not conducted deeply both at home and abroad.It is of great practical significance to explore its law for the sake of reducing resistance of paste pipeline transportation efficiently and energy consumption.The research status of wall slip in slurry pipeline is introduced，and the influence factors of slip effect in pipeline are discussed.On this basis，the trend of research on wall slip of paste is put forward.
    Structural Parameters Optimization and Engineering Application of the Second-step Stope Based on FLAC3D
    LIU Zhi-Yi, ZHANG Li-Chun, ZHAO Guo-Yan, REN He-Xu, LU Hong-Jian
    2015, 44(10):  6-10. 
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    In order to ensure production capacity and mining safety of the second-step stope，3D-FEM was conducted to analyze the stability of the second-step stope with different structure parameters to select the safe and reasonable stope parameters.Stress and displacement of roof and hanging-side rock with different structure parameters were calculated and analyzed to judge the stability of the stope.Result showed that，the stress and displacement of roof and hanging-side rock was large when the height of the stope was 12 meter，and the stability of the stope was poor；the change rate of the stress and displacement of roof and hanging-side rock was a growing trend，and the stability of the stope was worse with width increase.So the safe and reasonable width and height of the second-step stope was 10meter.The results of the analysis applied to practical engineering showed that the parameters are safe and reasonable，and safe and efficient mining of the mine was guaranteed.
    Response Spectrum Research of Blasting Seismic Induced by Controlled Blasting with Precise Millisecond Delay
    HE Li, ZHONG Dong-Wang, TU Sheng-Wu, CAO Peng
    2015, 44(10):  11-17. 
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    The response spectrum theory widely applied in earthquake engineering was employed to investigate blasting seismic wave induced by controlled blasting with precise delay time interval.The similar model test of slope excavation was designed and carried out.The influence of different millisecond delay to response spectrum property was analyzed.Considering the interaction between intensive modes，the modal combination was conducted combined with method of second item combination completely (CQC) to obtain total effect value of structural response.The results shows that，the response spectrum curves of controlled blasting with short millisecond delay have multiple distinct peak points，and the corresponding period is usually within a narrow range of a few milliseconds.With the increase of milliseconds delay between blasting holes，the natural frequency corresponding to response spectrum peak gradually close to the natural frequency of structures，which is detrimental to the safety of the structure.Choosing of reasonable delay time interval should comprehensively consider blasting vibration intensity，blasting effect of rock mass and dynamic response of construction.Under experimental conditions，the reasonable delay time interval between blasting holes is 2 ms.
    Application and Research of Pre-splitting Blasting In Dagushan Iron Mine
    WANG He-Ping, GUO Lian-Jun, ZHANG Da-Ning, WANG Le, GAO Yuan, QI Yong-Dong
    2015, 44(10):  18-23. 
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    The blasting near slope of Dagushan open-pit iron usually adopts pre-split blasting technology.In order to seek for the optimal pre-splitting blasting parameters，LS-dyna software was used to make numerical simulations of pre-splitting blasting process under different blasting parameters.From analysis on the numerical simulation，the pre-splitting blasting parameters of Dagushan iron mine were achieved，such as the optimal pre-splitting blast hole spacing and the decoupling coefficient.According to the simulated optimal pre-splitting blasting parameters，contrast tests between field coupling pre-splitting blasting and decoupling blasting were made.The retention effect of the decoupling pre-split blasting is notable and the small slope vibration from blasting construction was conducive to maintaining the slope stability，and getting a good pre-splitting blasting effect.The blasting parameters determined by numerical simulation can be applied in Dagushan Iron Mine end-slope blasting，which has practical guiding significance for the on-site construction blasting.
    Study on Velocity Attenuation Law for Multi-point Blasting Vibration
    LIU Jian-Po, XU Hong-Liang, WANG Shao-Quan, CHENG Chong-Qiang, JING Hong-Di
    2015, 44(10):  24-28. 
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    Blasting vibration is a key factor to induce the destruction of tunnel in underground mine.Therefore，it is important to obtain velocity attenuation law for blasting signals，and to reduce the damage from blasting vibration，which is meaningful to the safe and efficient production.In view of the footwall strike-drift seriously destructed by blasting vibration in Tiedanshan mine，the monitoring work for blasting vibration was carried out.For integrated blasting signals，the minimum scale distance was used to obtain the relationship between distances from center of explosion，explosive quantity and maximum vibration velocity.This method provided calculating parameter for Sadov's formula，whose reliability was verified.On this basis，the velocity attenuation model velocity attenuation model of blasting signals in Tiedanshan mine was established，and the largest amount of explosives per delay interval of different distance to footwall strike-drift were obtained.Then，the blasting parameters in Tiedanshan mine were improved.The measures that use the different largest amount of explosives per delay interval in different areas can meet the requirements of stability of footwall strike-drift and production capacity.
    Stope Structural Parameter Optimization under Different Geological Conditions
    YANG Yu-Xiang, FU Jian-Xin, SONG Wei-Dong
    2015, 44(10):  29-32. 
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    In order to determine the more reasonable stope structural parameters under different geological conditions,theoretical calculation and numerical simulation methods are adopted to select and optimize the stope width under different stability.With the western area of Chengchao Iron Mine as engineering background,the simply supported beam theory and the stope width calculation formula are used to calculate out the reasonable span and the critical span.And the stope stability under different stope width was analyzed by FLAC3D software.The results indicated that when rock keeps stable,moderately stable or less stable,the reasonable stope width needs to be 18.87 m,14.93 m and 8.08 m separately.In multi-stope mining,maximum displacement and tensile stress usually occurs in the middle of the area,and the increase of stope span can easily cause a rapid increase of maximum displacement.The subsidence of pillar roof also greatly impacted the stope span.The simulation results were consistent with the theoretical value,which indicates that the numerical simulation can well reflect the real state of underground mining,and provide the basis for determining stope structural parameters.
    Optimization of the Whole Mining Plan in a Copper Open Pit
    BI Chun-Jie, DAI Xiao-Jiang, SONG Xiao-Mei
    2015, 44(10):  33-36. 
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    Based on the block model among the digital deposit models，and within a given region，the cone solution method was used to produce a series of optimal geological pits，and establish the dynamic programming model.With the maximized net present value as target function，the dynamic programming method was adopted to make the dynamic sequencing on the optimal pit.The optimal mining path can be chosen as the optimal mining scheme.Application of this scheme into a certain open-pit mine shows that its best service life is 15 years，and the annual mining area，mining amount，stripping quantity of rock，and the cumulative net present value at the end of each year are given respectively.
    Reconstruction of Moving Transition Equation for Ellipsoid Drawing Theory
    GUO Jin-Ping, LIU Dong, LI Rong-Fu
    2015, 44(10):  37-40. 
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    The moving transition equation of drawing theory is introduced.It is pointed out that the assumption of density field on ellipsoid drawing theory violates the fundamental premise of the continuous medium hypothesis.The defects of moving transition equation of ellipsoid drawing theory based on existing density field assumption are demonstrated.Also，a new moving transition equation is constructed to further improve the foundation of ellipsoid drawing theory.
    Research on Safety Thickness of Boundary Pillar during the Transition from Open Pit to Underground Mining
    LIU Heng-Liang, ZHANG Qin-Li, BIAN Ji-Wei
    2015, 44(10):  41-45. 
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    Boundary pillar is an guarantee for ensuring the safety of underground mining and open pit and the stability of open pit slope，and the reasonable thickness of boundary pillar is essential to realize the transition from open pit to underground.To determine the safety thickness of boundary pillar in Xinqiao mine，such measure as ratio of span and thickness equation，load transfer method and structural mechanics method，are adopted to calculate and analyze the safety thickness of boundary pillar.Numerical simulation on different spans and different boundary pillar thickness is carried out by ANSYS.By analyzing the theoretical calculations and numerical simulation results，the safety depth of boundary pillar under different goaf span is obtained.The results can effectively determine the thickness of boundary pillar of mine design，and have important implications for guiding safety production in transition from open pit to underground mining.Based on the actual mining span (30 m) in the mine，the safety thickness of boundary pillar in Xinqiao mine is recommended as 24 m.
    Influence Analysis on Surface Deformation Under Different Pillar Sizes of Overhand Cut and Filling Mining Method
    YANG Jia-Mian, WANG Shao-Yuan, WANG Xing
    2015, 44(10):  46-50. 
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    With the continuous development of China's national economy，the demand for mineral resource is increasing.Some "three-under" resources that was not worth mining in the past are gradually listed to be mined.It is a focus in the study of mining industry in recent years that how to recycle those resources safely，efficiently，economically and ensure the safety of the related facilities on the surface.The panel overhand cut and filling mining method which is suitable for low value resources is put forward based on the mining technology condition of Cangshan Iron Mine.Groups of parameters including pointed pillar size and exposed area of roof are primarily selected by reference to the similar mining experience.Then，the numerical simulation is used to analyze and predict its influence on surface deformation.The results show that the scheme with pillar size 4m×4m and exposed area of roof 500 m2 is optimal，compared with other schemes.It improves the ore recovery by 3% ~ 5%.The simulation results show that the surface deformation value is less than the allowed under the recommended parameters.
    Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Granodioritic Porphyry in Jingding Tungsten Mine
    MEI Qun-Li, ZHONG Tai-Xing, CHEN Qing-Yun, PENG Jing-Bo
    2015, 44(10):  51-55. 
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    The mechanical properties of the granodioritic porphyry are tested by the conventional triaxial test.Based on this，the H-B empirical strength criterion is used to estimate the rock mechanical parameters，and the estimated values are verified with the results from uniaxial compressive strength test，point load strength test and stress mohr circle method，in order to obtain high accuracy rock mechanical parameters.The research results show deformation modulus E and poisson's ratio μ of granodioritic porphyry change little with the pressure variation，and it can be determined from the mean value E，μ at different lateral pressure；Uniaxial compressive strength estimation σc are in good agreement with the tested values，but uniaxial tensile strength estimation σt has large deviation from the test results；At low pressure，the estimated internal friction angles φ are consist with the value from test and Mohr circle method，but cohesive force estimation c is different from the value by Mohr circle method.Through comprehensive analysis，the mechanical parameters of granodioritic porphyry are proposed in Jinding Tungsten Mine.
    Research on the Acoustic Emission of Weakly Consolidated Sandstone under Uniaxial Compression in Hongqinghe Coal Mine
    JI Hong-Guang, CHEN Bo, SUN Li-Hui, SONG Chao-Yang, GUO Yu-Chao, JIA Huai-Xiao
    2015, 44(10):  56-61. 
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    By means of investigation on acoustic characteristics during the failure process of weakly consolidated sandstone under uniaxial compression in Hongqinghe coal mine，and according to the mechanical parameters and acoustic emission signal collected from the tests，the curves of stress-strain，stress-time-cumulative count rate，stress-time-absolute energy rate，and the stress-strain-the cumulative count rate，stress-time-absolute energy rate before and after the peak value are drawn.According to the stress-strain curves，the rock failure is divided into two types：one is the traditional four stages of rock failure mode；the other is the five stages of failure modes.The ductility stage with stable stress and increasing strain appears at five-stage failure mode after the strain softens.Compared with the acoustic emission characteristics between the two failure modes，the acoustic emission changes a lot after the peak.Under the same compressive strength，samples with less elastic modulus produce more acoustic emission phenomena，but its absolute energy produced are the same.Cumulative count rate can be used to judge whether the samples are completely destructed.
    High Gradient Magnetic Separation Technology Characteristics of Amphibole Hematite Ore from Yuanjiacun
    HU Yi-Ming, HUANG Fu-Ming-Zhu
    2015, 44(10):  62-66. 
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    Iron distribution rate of an amphibole hematite ore in form of hernatile-limonite from Yuanjiacun Taigang Group is 90.37%，followed by ferrosilicate.Hornblende ore content is 12.60%，the susceptibility of which is a little lower than that of hematite，which brings large difficulty for magnetic separation of the ore.In order to provide technique basis on mineral processing for the ore in this type，high gradient magnetic separation properties were studied based on the process mineralogy research.By single factor conditioning test，for various grind fineness，magnetic medium size and background magnetic field strength，which have significant impact on factors of high gradient magnetic separation index，and orthogonal tests was also conducted with swivel speed，pulse frequency and rinse water as factors in three factors and three levels design.The optimum high gradient magnetic separation conditions were selected.Iron concentrate with iron grade of 44.12% and recovery of 81.66% was obtained at the grinding fineness of 85% -0.074 mm，magnetic field intensity of 796 kA/m，magnetic medium rod diameter is 2 mm，swivel speed is 2 r/min，pulse frequency is 400 times per minute，rinse water of 25 L/min.The analysis results at optimum condition show that in the process of high intensity magnetic separation，hornblende will be enriched in magnetic products for its weak magnetism is the main reason for low separation index；low liberation degree，too much interlocked particles of concentrate，and serious mechanical entrainment is the important reason for the low grade of high gradient magnetic separation.To reslizr reasonable development of the ore in this type，further research on magnetization roasting or depth reduction method should be conducted.
    Research on Recovery of Iron from Blast Furnace Dust and High Phosphorus Oolitic Hematite by Coreduction Roasting
    CAO Yun-Ye, SUN Ti-Chang, KOU Jue, GAO 恩Xia, XU Cheng-Yan
    2015, 44(10):  67-70. 
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    In order to find the possibility of blast furnace dust as reducing agent in high phosphorus oolitic hematite reduction roasting，coreduction roasting experiments were conducted on a oolitic hematite ore with 42.72% iron from Western Hubei and a blast furnace dust with 23.96% iron，32.83% fixed carbon as raw material.Results show that with the conditions of the blast furnace dust dosage of 30%，coreduction roasting temperature of 1 150 ℃，roasting time of 60 min，grinding fineness for reduction product is 96% - 0.043 mm，magnetic field intensity is 87.58 kA/m，DRI with 91.88% iron，0.072% phosphorus and iron grade of 88.38% was obtained.XRD analysis results on different dosage of blast furnace dust calcined product show that with the increase dosage of the blast furnace dust，iron diffraction peak strengthen gradually.Increase the dosage of blast turance is beneficial for iron bearing minerals reduction to metallic iron,while phosphorus in DRI also increased.Blast furnace dust as a reducing agent for high phosphorus oolitic hematite reduction roasting，provides a new method in efficient utilization of blast furnace dust and refractory iron ore，and can reduce the cost of oolitic hematite direct reduction roasting，at the same time reduce the blast furnace dust pollution to the environment，has high economic and environmental benefits.
    Experimental Study on Improving the Grade of Tungsten Concentrate from a Tungsten Plant in Liaoning
    MA Long-Qiu, GUO Chun-Lei
    2015, 44(10):  71-75. 
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    School of Resources and Civil Engineering，Northeastern University，Shenyang 110819，China There is 0.79% WO3 in a tungsten ore in Liaoning Province.Distribution rate of tungsten in wolframite is 78.48%.Gravity separation operation was used by on-sits process，and gravity concentrate index with WO3 grade of only 22%~23% and recovery of 88%~89% is obtained.To improving the concentrate index，magnetic separation-flotation-leaching experiments on the gravity concentrate was conducted.Results show that magnetic concentrate with WO3 grade of 23.54% is obtained via magnetic separation for iron removal at field intensity of 80 kA/m on the gravity concentrate，reverse flotation concentrate with WO3 grade of 53.08% is gained through reverse flotation on the magnetic concentrate using butyl xanthate as collector，concentrate with WO3 grade of 65.11%，yield recovery rate of 96.71% and total recovery rate of 82.42% is obtained by purification via leaching with hydrochloric acid as leaching agent.The effective recovery of the tungsten resource is obtained.
    Flotation Study on a Arsenic-bearing Antimony Ore from Russian
    XUE Kai, JIAO Fen, QIN Wen-Qing, LIU Wei, ZHANG 二Xing
    2015, 44(10):  76-79. 
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    There is 8.78% antimony and 1.40% arsenic in a arsenic-bearing antimony ore from Russian.Antimony mainly exists in form of the stibnite，and arsenic mainly in form of arsenopyrite.Arsenopyrite are fine disseminated，a small amount of stibnite exists in arsenopyrite cracks，making it difficult to have stibnite efficient separation.In order to provide technical basis for beneficiation of the ore，flotation experiments was conducted on the ore.Results indicated that:with the grinding fineness of 75% -0.074 mm，using lead nitrate as antimony activator，humic sodium as arsenic inhibitor，butyl xanthate as collector，via one roughing-three cleaning-one scavenging closed circuit process，antimony concentrate with 59.22% antimony，0.73% arsenic，and antimony recovery of 84.58% is obtained.The test results provide technique basis for the concentration process determination of the ore.
    Study on the Floatation of a Copper-Lead-Zinc Poly-metallic Sulfidation Ore from Yunnan Province
    WANG Xiao-Hui, LIANG You-Wei, ZHANG Li-Jun
    2015, 44(10):  80-84. 
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    There is 0.58% copper,0.75% lead,and 3.01% zinc in a poly-metallic sulfide ore from Yunnan,with low content of harmful element arsenic.Beneficiation experiments were conducted on the ore to develop and utilize the ore.The results indicated that,at the grinding fineness of 85% passing 0.074 mm,with sodium thiosulfate,sodium hexametaphosphate,and humic acid as gangue inhibitors,sulfide zinc sulphate as zinc mineral inhibitor,and ethyl xanthate as collector via copper and lead bulk preference flotation,separation of copper from lead for bulk concentrate using slime as pH modifiers,EMY-306 as gangue inhibitors,Z-200 as collector,zinc flotation using copper sulfate as the activator,butyl xanthate as collector,copper concentrate with 26.09% Cu and recovery of 71.25%,lead concentrate with 48.82% Pb and recovery of 69.21%,and zinc concentrate with 49.80% Zn and recovery of 87.78% are obtained respectively.Good beneficiation test results had been obtained,which provide technique basis for reasonably recovery of the resource.
    Study on Roasting-Pressure Acid Leaching of Vanadium from Stone Coal
    HUANG Jun-1, ZHANG Yi-Min, HUANG Jing, LIU Tao, XUE Nan-Nan
    2015, 44(10):  85-89. 
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    In order to find a process which could increase the leaching velocity of vanadium，roasting-pressure acid leaching of vanadium on stone coal from Tongshan in Hubei was investigated.Results showed that，the optimal operation conditions are as followed:the roasting temperature was 850 ℃，the roasting time was 60 min，the kettle pressure was 1.0 MPa，initial concentration of sulfuric acid was 15%，ratio of liquid to solid was 1.5 mL/g，leaching temperature was 150 ℃ and leaching time was 120 min，with these conditions the vanadium leaching rate could reach 80.51%.The changes of mica mineral structure during leaching process were analyzed by Infrared Spectrometry analysis and the effect of temperature on vanadium efficiency was studied from the aspect of leaching kinetics.The results indicated that pressure acid leaching could destruct the crystal lattice of mica that was helpful for the release of vanadium and the increase of vanadium leaching efficiency.The leaching kinetics analysis results indicated that:effect of leaching temperature on vanadium efficiency was conspicuous，when the leaching temperature ranged from 60 to 120 ℃，the apparent activation energy was 41.603 kJ/mol and the leaching was controlled by surface chemical reaction.When the temperature ranged from 150 to 210 ℃，the apparent activation energy was 4.319 kJ/mol and the leaching was controlled by inner diffusion of reactants.As pressure acid leaching could raise the leaching temperature over 100 ℃，the destruction velocity of mica crystal lattice could be raised effectively and the vanadium leaching time could be shorten effectively.
    Fatty Acid Collectors′ Flotation Performance Strengthen Test Using Urea Adduction Method
    GUO Wen-Da, ZHU Yi-Min, WEI Yi-He, DUAN Dun-Xin
    2015, 44(10):  90-94. 
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    In order to investigate the possibility of using urea adduction method treating mixed fatty acids to improve its flotation performance,flotation experiments using fatty acids obtained from different urea adduction conditions as collector was conducted taking phosphate ore with 16.08% P from Jiangsu Province as research sample.The results showed that using fatty acid,which was treated by urea adduction at conditions of mixed fatty acid dosage of 50 g,ratio of solvent to urea (ratio of volume of ethyl alcohol to mass of urea) is 3 mL/g,ratio of urea to mixed fatty acid (ratio of mass of urea to mass of fatty acid )is 1.5,and for two times of urea adduction reaction as collector,sodium carbonate as the regulator,sodium silicate as inhibitors via one time flotation experiment to float phosphate ore.Phosphate concentrate with 18.13% P2O5 and recovery of 92.17% is obtained.Compared with natural mixed fatty acid,P2O5 grade is increased by 0.29 percentage points,and recovery increased by 15.92 percentage points.Collecting performance of fatty acid could increased sharply by adduction method.Materials Studio (MS) software analysis shows that the saturated fatty acid can be crystallized by urea inclusion while the unsaturated fatty acid cannot be crystallized.Therefore,the fatty acids with different saturation can be separated by urea inclusion.As the higher the unsaturation degree,the flotation performance will be better at low temperature,thus flotation performance of fatty acid can be improved by purification of unsaturation fatty acid using urea addction method.
    Influence of Flocculants on Sedimentation Effect of Ultrafine Hematite
    CHEN Wan-Qi, ZHANG Qin, WANG Tian-Zheng, DAI Ke-Jin
    2015, 44(10):  95-99. 
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    In order to improve the problems of long settling time，low filtration rate，severe wear leakage phenomenon，low content in filter cake during thickening and dehydration for fine grained hematite concentrate.Effects of types and dosage of flocculants，slurry pH，temperature，and degree of mixedness on the sedimentation behavior were studied，using an iron concentrate from Brazil as research object.The results indicated that：there were significant influence on sedimentation of hematite concentrate by adjusting flocculants addition，for too low addition have no obvious improvement on the sedimentation rate，with excessive addition could initiate colloid protecting，and the sedimentation velocity will not increase with dosage increase of flocculants.Sodium polyacrylate flocculants have good settling performance in alkaline conditions，while polyacrylamide flocculants have good settling performance in acidic condition.Hypothermia have disadvantage in improving the sedimentation rate，hyperthermia would lead to degradation of flocculants.Sufficient reversal and mixing was conducive to sedimentation，excessive mixing will worsen sedimentation effects.The results have important implications for suitable flocculant selection in iron concentrate settling and improve the concentrate sedimentation.
    Process Mineralogy of an Iron Ore from Douzigou，Eastern Hebei
    LI Jing, XU Ying-Xia, GAN De-Qing, LIU Dian-Long, GUO Bo-Wei, LI Zhan-Jin
    2015, 44(10):  100-103. 
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    The iron grade of iron ore from Douzigou，Eastern Hebei，is 35.80%.Iron mainly exists in form of magnetite，followed by hematite and iron carbonate.Gangue minerals are mainly quartz，hornblende and pyroxene.Process mineralogy characteristics of the ore were carried out，to provide technological basis for the development of the ore.The results showed that main mineral structure is hypidiomorphic-allotriomorphic structure，followed by euhedral-granular structure，crush structure and metasomatic relict structure.While the ore textures is mainly streaky and banded texture，followed by gneissic texture.Magnetite mainly disseminated among gangue minerals，like quartz，in form of hypidiomorphic-allotriomorphic structure，few octahedral or cube was hosted in gangue minerals.The granule of the magnetite in ore is so tiny that 64.01% is distributed in 0.02~0.16 mm，12.59% in -0.02 mm.Thus the magnetite with smaller particle size needs fineness grinding to be liberated.It is necessary to adopt the process of stage-grinding and stage separation to prevente argillization on beneficiation indexes caused by pulverizeng impact.
    Geological Characteristics and Prospecting Direction of the Lead-zinc Deposit in Beiwagou Area,Liaoning Province
    ZHANG Yi-Dan, WANG Yong-Chun, PEI Lei, FANG Lei
    2015, 44(10):  104-109. 
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    Beiwagou area is located in the Au-Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn-B metallogenic belt，which is in the stage of Yingkou-Kuandian early Proterozoic and Indosinian-Yanshanian period.The ore-forming geological conditions of the area are favorable.Due to the developmental structure and the widely distributed magma rock，the prospecting prospects of the area are good.In order to further analyze the ore-forming conditions and the prospecting direction of the lead-zinc deposits in this area，the geological characteristics and the mineralization characteristics are analyzed in depth based on the basic geological research method by the way of the outdoor investigation and indoor geological data analysis.The results show that：①the mineral deposit genetic type in Beiwagou area is syngenetic sedimentary-metamorphic hydrothermal reformation type and post magmatic hydrothermal type，the formation of the deposit is controlled by strata，magmatic activity and tectonic activity，the tectogenesis in Luliang period is the dominant factor；②the lead-zone deposits are controlled significantly by the ductile shear zone in Luliang period，the heat source，power，migration passage and enrichment space of the lead-zine mine are provided by the ductile shear zone in Luliang period；③the ductile shear zone associated with mineralization is located in the normal wing of overfold，and the general strike of the ductila shear zone is NW.According to the mineralization condition and the anomaly characteristics and distribution regularity of the lead-zinc mineralization in the peripheral area，it can be concluded that the brecciform lead-zinc mine is the main search object,the favorable prospecting area in the third interval of Dashiqiao formation of Liaohe group with developmental ductile shear zone near the early Proterozoic Liaoji granites.Based on the above analysis results，two metallogenic prospecting regions named Hengshanli-Wangjiapuzi and Daweitun are delineated so as to provide reference for the prospecting work in this area.
    Metallogenic Regularity of the Gold-polymetallic Deposits in Wulonggou Area,Qinghai Province
    MA Guo-Dong, HAN Yu, CHEN Su-Long, LI Yu-Lian, JIA Jian-Tuan
    2015, 44(10):  110-115. 
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    Wulonggou gold deposit is the most potential mineralization deposit in eastern Kunlun metallogenic belt of Qinghai province.Based on collecting the geological information of Wulonggou gold deposit including its ore-forming tectonic background，regional strata and intrusions，structure and so on，firstly，the geological characteristics of typical gold-polymetallic deposits in Wulonggou area are analyzed in depth；then，the ore-controlling factors of the gold-polymetallic deposits in Wulonggou area are analyzed systematically from the perspective of strata，magmatic rocks and structures；finally，the metallogenic regularity of the gold-polymetallic in Wulonggou area are summarized from the aspects of metallogenic time，space distribution and ore genesis.The results show that：①Wulonggou gold deposit is located in the ductile shear zones and it is controlled obviously by the structure evolution；②the gold deposits have the multiple stages and long-term distribution regularities in time domain while in spatial domain，the gold deposits are along the three ductile and brittle-ductile shear zones strictly，the deposits within the shear zones has the distribution characteristics of equidistance and parallelism；③the gold-polymetallic deposits are located in the intersection zones of the shear zones and NE-SW trending fault，they are distributed in groups frequently；④the gold orebody is formed before the polymetallic ore，deep magma is the main composition of crust-mantle mixed source and crust source，they are the important source of ore-forming materials，associated with the tectonic evolution，the ore-forming materials are activated further and enriched into polymetallic orebody.The above research results have some reference for the further prospecting work of gold-polymetallic and tectonic hydrothermal alteration type deposits in this area.
    Research on a Method of Parameterized 3D Modeling of Mine Ramp
    TANG Zhong-Wei, XU Shuai, WANG Yun-Sen, LI Yuan-Hui
    2015, 44(10):  116-120. 
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    Aiming at the actuality of the imperfection and low application rate of the model-building technique of mine ramp，we research the method of 3D-modeling based on parametric idea.Firstly，we build a parameterized 2D model contour of the ramp according to its cross section parameters.Secondly，building a 3D model contour of the ramp sections via coordinate transformations on the basis of the parameters of its path.And then，a 3D model of the ramp is quickly created according to the algorithm which utilize the side face of consecutive cross section.Finally，the model parameters are saved in its corresponding database so that we may finger up the engineering data and query or modify the model dynamically.With the help of the method mentioned above，together with HOOPS components and VC++ tools，we develop a parametric modeling system of the mine ramp.Based on this system and the planar graph，gradients and other parameters of a mine ramp，we built a parameterized 3D model for the ramp and modified it as the condition changed during the construction process of the mine ramp.
    A Pilot Test for Large-diameter Cluster DTH Reverse Circulation Drilling Technology
    ZHAO Jiang-Peng
    2015, 44(10):  121-124. 
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    A pilot test for large-diameter cluster DTH reverse circulation drilling technology based on the large diameter drilling project in a coal mine was carried out.During the tests，by adopting the Φ710/311mm Reverse circulation cluster DTH and 127/70mm double wall drill-pipe，a good performance of reverse circulation was achieved by optimizing the parameters of reverse circulation such as air volume，air pressure，and rotary speed etc..The highest ROP was 4m/h，and the average ROP was 2.1m/h，which were increased more than 2.6 times as much as that by the conventional cone bit drilling method under the same condition.The pilot test results showed that large diameter cluster DTH reverse circulation drilling technology was an effective drilling technology to solve the problem of hard rock drilling in large diameter hole，and is worthy to be promoted in application.
    A New Technology for Digital Drilling and Automatic Lithology Identification
    DUAN Yun, XIONG Dai-Yu, XU Guo-Quan
    2015, 44(10):  125-129. 
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    In order to achieve the digitization and intelligence of rotary drilling in surface mines，a more accurate and reliable digital drilling and automatic lithology identification technology was developed，which includes both hardware and software system.The hardware consists of a positioning，navigation and lithology perception terminal system，and a wireless data transmission system.The terminal system mainly consists of GPS OEM board，Programmable Logic Controller and sensors of measuring major parameters，and and a wireless data transmission system combines digital blasting platform and wireless transmission facilities.The software includes the navigation software of locating blast holes using LabView and VC++，and the blasthole network design software using AutoCAD ActiveX (C#) technologies.This new technology is applied in Jiangxi Dexing Copper Mine，initially realizing the digitization of drilling and lithology identification in blasting zone.
    Three-dimensional Stratum Modeling and Visualization of Borehole Data
    YANG Wen-Huan, YIN Lu, SUN Jiu-Yun
    2015, 44(10):  130-134. 
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    Three-dimensional stratum modeling and visualization are the important application of three-dimensional geological information system (GIS) in geosciences，and it can completely and unambiguously define the various geologic structures information，which is very helpful for actual geological analysis.On the basis of this，the three-dimensional strata model establishing method is proposed，which is based on tetrahedral network(TEN)，generalized tri-prism(GTP) and visualization toolkit(VTK).The borehole data is used to establish the three-dimensional strata model by the method.Firstly，the triangle irregular network (TIN) is generated by the borehole collar data；then，according to the spatial sequence of strata，each triangle of TIN is expanded downward to obtain GTP voxel model along the borehole，and the GTP voxel model is tetrahedron subdivided by building the three-dimensional strata model；finally，three-dimensional display and spatial analysis functions such as property inquiry，distance and angle measurement and cut are realized by the three-dimensional strata visualization system developed by visualization toolkit(VTK).The experiments are conducted based on the borehole data of a mine，the results show that the GTP model based on TEN contributes to solve the problem of space entity subdivision and cutting，the application of VTK in three-dimensional stratum visualization is feasible，and the performance of VTK in visualization function and spatial analysis is perfect.Therefore，it has some reference for enhancing the efficiency of mine geological analysis and mine geological modeling and visualization.
    Improved Non-local Means Filtering Algorithm of Mine Video Monitoring Image
    HAO Ai-Yu
    2015, 44(10):  135-139. 
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    The mine imaging condition is relatively complex，which results that the images obtained by the video monitoring system has the characteristics of low contrast and mixed with large number of random noise，which brought inconvenience to monitoring the mine production conditions in real-time.So，the grey correlation method is adopted to improve the non-local means filtering algorithm，and an improved non-local means filtering algorithm of mine video monitoring image is proposed.Firstly，the original mine video monitoring image is processed by the average filtering algorithm to obtain the filtering image，and the original mine video monitoring image and filtering image are divided into images blocks with the size of 5×5,the grey value collections of the pixies in the image bocks with the corresponding position in the above two images are regarded as the compare sequence and reference sequence respectively to calculate the grey correlation value of the compare sequence and reference sequence，and the image blocks with smaller grey correlation values in the original mine video monitoring image can be marked with suspected noise image blocks；secondly，the maximum and minimum grey values of the pixels in the suspected noise image blocks are marked as noise pixels；then，the image blocks with the size of 3×3 centered with the noise pixels are processed with the non-local means filtering algorithm；finally,the contrast of mine video monitoring image after filtering can be stretched by using the histogram equalization method to improve the image visual effects.The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper dose not need to filter the noise pixels one by one，therefore，the filtering efficiency of image processing is improved.It contributes to realize the goal of processing the mine video monitoring image with high efficiency.
    Study on Influence Laws of Rock Structural Plane Parameters on Failure Mode of Bedding Slope
    HUANG Shuai, WANG Rong, WANG Hong-Xiang, CAI De-Gou, YAN Hong-Ye
    2015, 44(10):  140-145. 
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    Based on the discrete element numerical simulation of rock slope，influences of the parameters (cohesion，internal friction angle，rigidity，dip angle，spacing) of rock structural plane to slope stability is studied to clear the influencing law for safety factor and failure modes of slope.According to the principle of variance analysis of orthogonal experiment，the significance that rock structural plane parameters impact on the slope stability is discussed.It is shown that slope safety factor is on linear growth in a certain range with strength of the rock structural plane increasing，and the failure modes shift gradually from the bedding sliding failure modes to the sliding-bending failure modes.The safety factors changes very little with the rigidity and spacing of rock structural plane increasing.Its maximum variance ratio is only 6.6% and 3.6%，and the slope failure modes are mainly sliding failure modes.Slope safety factor firstly decreases，then increases and finally decreases with the increase of the rock structural plane dip angle，and failure modes shift from shearing slip failure modes to shearing slip-buckling failure modes，finally to the tilting failure modes.The impact of the rock structural plane cohesion on the slope stability is the greatest，and the rigidity is the least.
    Analysis on Micro-structural Characteristics for Limestone Components and the Evaluation of Grouting Reinforcement Properties
    KANG Ya-Ming, JIA Yan
    2015, 44(10):  146-151. 
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    Its internal micro structural characteristics and the physical and mechanical parameters will change when rocks are subjected to water.These changes are mostly associated with the inner structures and components of rock mass.The floor limestone of North China permo-carboniferous type has a typical feature that it is under double action of mine pressure and high pressure water.In this case，under the special stress condition，the strength and deformation characteristics are more complex than the common rock.It shows that mineral compositions and micro structural characteristics，such as pore，fracture and other physical parameters，will change greatly under water immersion environment.Such differences will ultimately affect the strength of rock.Based on these，components identification and microstructure are analyzed by means of advanced instruments in the lab，and the effects of water on the properties are qualitatively analyzed.Meanwhile，grouting quality and water softening tendency are evaluated.The researches on ingredients and micro structure characteristics in different moisture content for Benxi limestone have important guiding value for a reasonable explanation of their mechanical properties and its engineering properties.
    Research of Spatial Variation of Rock Strength and Slope Reliability
    REN Fu-Qiang, CHANG Yuan, CHANG Lai-Shan, CHEN Dong-Wei
    2015, 44(10):  152-155. 
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    In order to analyze the effect of rock mass strength spatial variation effect on the slope reliability，the theoretical variation function's spherical model，Gaussian model，index model are introduced to depict spatial variation of rock mass strength.Visual Basic is adopted to write the corresponding program to the model above，fitting with the on-site point load test data to get the related model parameters.Monte-Carlo random sampling method is used to get the stochastic distribution characteristic of migmatite strength parameters.BISHOP method is taken to analyze slope reliability to get the reliability index of models corresponding to different slitting width.The results show that the spatial variation of rock mass strength will make reliability index increase，and the reliability index increases with slitting width increase when slitting width is smaller than the correlated distance，when the slitting width is greater than the correlated distance，the reliability index decrease first and then increase with the slitting width increase.The variation and trend of reliability index of Spherical model are almost the same as that of Gaussian model，and all are under the index model.
    Study on Slope Instability Process under the Effect of Multistage Mining Activities
    ZHANG Yong-Jun, CHEN Guan-Ping, LI Qian-Long, SUN Di, LI Bo, WAN Yong
    2015, 44(10):  156-162. 
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    RFPA strength finite element software is applied to establish continuous excavation model and once excavation model，and make contrast on the damage mechanism and process of multistage slope under different excavation mode.It is analyzed that local instability effect of multistage slope appears under multiple mining disturbance，by analyzing the local rock mass damage，destruction，instability during the multiple mining activities，and combining with the field monitoring data of quartz stone mine in Jinchuan open pit.In the process of the strength reduction，the continuous mining is introduced to realize the real strength reduction and mining effect，which makes the numerical simulation of the failure mechanism and process more close to the actual damage process.It is mainly shown that：the once excavation and continuous excavation are only different at the time，space position，and the stability analysis of multi-stage slope structure.Their damage process and mechanism basically keep consistent.Under the influence of the time and space effect，the continuous mining of multistage slope mainly show as the local instability and failure.
    Accurate Detection of the Goaf of Gongchangling Open-pit Based on the Comprehensive Geophysical Prospecting Method
    ZHANG De-Hui, ZHU Di-Jie
    2015, 44(10):  163-167. 
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    In order to detect the goaf of Gongchangling open-pit accurately，the comprehensive geophysical prospecting method based on high density resistivity method and transient electromagnetic method is proposed.Firstly，according to the high density resistivity method，the low resistance model and high resistance model of single goaf and double goaf under all kinds of geological conditions based on the detection data obtained by the devices of wenner，dipole array and unilateral tertiary，the goaf of Gongchangling open-pit distributed densely in horizontal and vertical direction is detected by conducting contrast analysis of the resistivity difference;secondly，based on transient electromagnetic method，the geological and geophysical recognition model of the same geological body are established by utilizing the devices of coincident loop，central loop，separate loop and ground loop，and the location and scale of the goaf of Guangchangling open-pit are detected accurately by observing the variation information of the transient magnetic field structure and frequency along with time and space；finally，in order to detect the information of location，scale and roof thickness with high precision，the comprehensive detection data of high density resistivity method and transient electromagnetic method are processed and interpreted comprehensively combing with the field actual geological conditions.The cross-section diagram and floor plan of the goaf of Gongchangling open-pit are obtained.The detection results show that 3 shallow goafs and 2 deep goafs are detected in Gongchangling open-pit，so it can be further indicated that the integration of comprehensive and advantages of detecting technologies is realized by the organic combination of high density method and transient electromagnetic method.It is good to conduct the detection of goaf with high precision.
    Study on Adsorption of Ni（II） in Aqueous Solution with Bentonite
    CAO Xiao-Qiang, CHEN Ya-Nan, ZHANG Yan, QIU Jun, LI Lin, 吕Xian-Jun
    2015, 44(10):  168-172. 
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    To examine the adsorption of Ni2+ in aqueous solution using bentonite as adsorbent，a series of experiments were conducted with different concentration of Ni2+ prepared as simulated wastewater and natural calcium bentonite from Xinda Mining Company in Laiyang County，Shandong Province as adsorbent.Results show that the adsorption decreases with increasing of initial Ni2+ concentration but increases with ratio increasing of solid to liquid.Moreover，increasing of ratio of solid to liquid will reduce the unit utilization of adsorbent and increases the difficulty of subsequent processing.Oscillation speed has less impact on the adsorption and it can be ignored.The Ni2+ adsorption rate increases with pH increasing.The adsorption rate of Ni2+ is nearly above 95% with conditions of the initial concentration of 100 mg/L and the ratio of solid to liquid of 12.5 g/L.The saturated adsorption amount of bentonite for Ni2+ is examined under different pH and the influencing mechanism of pH is also analyzed in order to study the effect of pH on the adsorption with bentonite.The adsorption of Ni2+ decreases when pH<7 due to the competitive adsorption of H+ and Ni2+ with bentonite.The increase of pH is benefit for the adsorption，but the hydrolysis becomes the dominant removal mechanisms when pH>7.5.Furthermore，the existing form of Ni2+ under different pH also influences the adsorption mechanism.The results have great significance for bentonite used as adsorbent material in industrial application.
    Recovering Gold and Iron from Cyanide Tailing by One-step Process of Chloridizing Volatilization and Reduction Roasting
    LI Zheng-Yao, WANG Wei-Wei, LE Kun
    2015, 44(10):  173-177. 
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    Chlorinated volatile-reduction roasting experiment was conducted in order to find the feasibility of one-step recovery gold and iron from cyanide tailing，using cyanide tailing(assaying 4.57 g/t gold，and 42.95% iron) from a gold smelting enterprises in Henan Province as research object，calcium chloride and sodium chloride as chlorination agents  (w(CaCl2)∶w(NaCl) = 4∶1 mixture)，bituminous coal as reductant.Results show that on the dosage of chlorination agent is 10%，dosage of bituminous coal is 10%，calcination temperature is 1 000 ℃，the roasting time is 80 min，grinding fineness of calcined products is 75% -0.043 mm，magnetic field intensity is 106 kA/m，gold volatilize rate of 85.19%，iron concentrate with iron grade and recovery of 74.16% and 87.75% is obtained.Test results provide a new way for the recovery of gold and iron from cyanide tailing.
    Recovery of Antimony and Copper by Fractional Precipitation from Leachate on Oxidation Acid Leaching-complex Method
    YANG Hui-Fen, ZHANG Ying-Ying, WANG Chuan-Long, TAN Hai-Wei, MENG Jia-Le
    2015, 44(10):  178-184. 
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    There is 538.51 mg/L Sb and 395.91 mg/L Cu in a leachate from a smelting plant in Hechi，Guangxi Province.Antimony recovery by hydrolysis precipitation method，copper recovery by Na2S precipitation from residual liquid from antimony precipitation on the leachate experiment results showed that antimony hydrolysis precipitation at the stirring speed of 150 r/min，reaction at 56 ℃for 20 min，final pH=3.15，precipitation antimony products with antimony grade and precipitation rate of 10.35%，98.23% is obtained.Residual liquid from antimony precipitation with Na2S dosage of 2.5 g/L，stirring speed of 150 r/min，reaction at 50 ℃for 10 min，stewing for 20 min and then enduring filtration，precipitation copper products with copper grade and precipitation rate of 36.92%，98.38% is obtained.The tests proved that fractional precipitation is a feasible method to recycle antimony，copper from the leachate.
    Cemented Paste Backfilling Material Preparation Using Coarse Phosphate Tailings
    CHEN Bo-Wen, MEI Fu-Ding, LU Kai-Hua
    2015, 44(10):  184-188. 
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    In order to solve the problems of environmental pollution and land occupation by direct stock of Phosphate Tailings(PT) from dense medium separation of Tiaoshuihe Phosphate Plant，Sanning Mining，Hubei Province.Feasibility tests of PT used as cementing material for filling in mining operation was conducted on the basis of its property measurement.Results indicated that：coarse PT can be used as cementitious material for its roughness surface and low content of harmful elements；Compressive strength of backing filling body in each age enhanced with the increase of cement-sand ratio and slurry concentration，while slurry concentration has more influence on compressive strength of filling body；filling pulp slump，slump flow and consistency all increased with the increase of cement-sand ratio and slurry concentration.In order to further reduce the cementing material cost，feasibility of cement partly replaced by Fly Ash(FA) as cementing material orthogonal experiment were conducted.The results showed that：addition of FA is beneficial for the strength enhance of filling body，especially long-term strength；filling slurry slumps first increase and then decrease with the increase of cement-aggregate ratio，slurry concentration and dosage of FA，and the impaction weakened by cement-aggregate ratio，slurry concentration，dosage of FA.FA can play a role in ball bearing effect for its fineness particle sizes and partly in spherical form，thus reduce the friction between phosphate tailing particles and improve the workability of slurry；there are so many internal spaces inside the FA，with the dosage increase of FA，water demanding also increases，which resulted in the viscosity increase of the filling pulp，hindered aggregate moving in the slurry，consequently，both slumps and consistence show first increase and then decrease rule with dosage of FA.The optimum ratio of cementitions mateials are cement aggregate ratio 0.250,sturry concentration 80%,dosage of FA 1.00.Using PT and FA in cemented backfilling industry has significant economic，environmental and social benefits.