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    15 November 2015, Volume 44 Issue 11
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    Study on Stability of the Slope With Goafs in Gongchangling Open-pit Mine
    LIU Dian-Jun, HAN Lian-Sheng, LU Xiao-Hui
    2015, 44(11):  1-6. 
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    For the stability of the slope with goafs in Gongchangling open-pit iron mine，the influence of goafs with different size and position was considered. Numerical simulation was carried out by FLAC and Geo-slope software. Three conditions (including 36 cases) of the slope stability were simulated: ①without goaf；②goaf lies in the top, middle, lower part and bottom of the slope and the distance of all goafs from slope surface is fixed, and the width of the goaf is changed；③The size of goafs is fixed, and the distance from slope is changed. Through contrasting with plastic zone，displacement and safety factor of slope with different goafs, the influence law of the goaf on the slope stability was obtained. The results showed that the goaf in the upper slope is beneficial to the overall slope stability，but has influence on the local stability of the slope. The goaf in the middle slope has more complex influence on slope stability，both favorable or unfavorable for slope stability situation. The goaf in the lower part of the slope has serious influence on slope stability. This law has reference meaning in transferring from open-pit mining to underground mining.
    Study on Low Dilution and Loss Mining Technology of Large and Thick Orebody in Baizhangzi Gold Mine
    MA Jiao-Yang, REN Feng-Yu, CAO Jian-Li, JIE Ben-De, ZHANG Dong-Jie
    2015, 44(11):  7-11. 
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    The pillar sublevel caving mining is adopted to No.213 large and thick ore-body of Baizhangzi gold mine，and ore loss and dilution are bigger under the influence of the condition of ore body.To improve recovery index，the non-pillar sublevel caving method with low loss and dilution rate is used to sublevel 0 to +60 m of No.213 ore-body.The stope structure is improved and optimized through the granular flow parameters experiment and layout form of the mining drift.The reasonable structural parameters are separately set up to different shape of ore-body.Based on the principle of lozenge arrangement，the mining drift is adjusted.The blasting parameters of being suitable for ore body condition and the processing way of stone are given.Each level is run through the ramp，and stoped by the method of upper and lower section at the same time.By this method，the ore loss and dilution rate can be controlled at nearly 12%，and the problem of the big loss and dilution can be effectively solved，which can provide a reference for similar mines.
    Co-disposal Technology Reconstruction of Paste Backfilling and Tailing Discharge in a Gold Mine
    WANG Jian-Dong, WU Ai-Xiang, WANG Yi-Ming, WANG Hong-Jiang, WANG Yong, ZHOU Bo
    2015, 44(11):  12-16. 
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    For some problems such as low filling slurry concentration，high cement consumption and lack of tailings capacity of classified tailings cemented backfill in a gold mine in China，a co-disposal scheme of unclassified-tailings paste filling and stockpiling based on the deep cone thickener was proposed to improve and optimize existing filling system.During the operation of filling system post-improvement，all unclassified tailings from dressing plant were pumped into the deep cone thickener by first or multistage pumping station.When filling is required，thickener underflow is mixed with cement by two-stage horizontal mixer to produce paste which flow by gravity or pumped to stope.When filling is not required，underflow is transported to tailing pond for paste stockpiling by piston pump.The calculation and practice showed that the reforming scheme can save 13.99 million yuan filling cost and 10.4 million yuan tailings discharge cost per year.And，tailings discharge concentration was increased from 35% to 68% which contributes to increase the tailings stockpiling angle and prolong the service life of tailings pond.The co-disposal scheme of unclassified-tailings paste filling and stockpiling，according with the conception of “Green Mining”，can simultaneously realize goaf filling and tailings stockpiling.
    Study on the Transport Process of Large Slope Skip in Phosphorus Open Pit Mine
    LI Xiao-Shuang, LI Yao-Ji, WANG Meng-Lai, ZHU Jian-Xin
    2015, 44(11):  17-21. 
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    Taking the N0.2 mining area of Kunyang phosphate mine of Yunnan Phosphate Chemical Group Co.，Ltd (YPC) as engineering background，the transport process of large slope skip in the open pit phosphorus mine was studied by various research methods such as theoretical analysis，field measurement and feasibility demonstration of technical and economic scheme，according to the field research of the specific geological and mining conditions.The results showed that:①Comparing with the traditional single bucket truck transport process，the large slope skip the transport process has the following advantages，including lower cost，less air pollution and noise pollution and lower maintenance cost.And it has a large advantage in deep concave mining stage that the stope mining vertical depth is greater than or equal to 85 m.②The large slope skip the transport process also has the following inferiors，such as larger initial investment，relatively fixed system and more complicated procedure etc..And it has a large application limitation in shallow mining stage that the stope mining vertical depth is less than 85 m.The relevant research results can provide theoretical and technical guidance and advice for the open pit transportation technology of this mining area or mining area with similar conditions.
    Study on Critical Conveying Velocity of Full-tailings Filling Slurry of High Concentration
    GAN De-Qing, GAO Feng, CHEN Chao, LU Hong-Jian, ZHANG Ya-Bin
    2015, 44(11):  22-26. 
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    Taking the developing trend of large-scale filled stopes in an underground mine as background，combining the urgent requirement of environmental protection in mines，taking many complex factors into full consideration，such as grain size composition，slurry viscosity，densities of slurry and carrier，material proportion，pipe diameter，roughness of pipe wall，installation quality of pipes，weighted average setting rate and so on，the critical conveying velocity inner pipes of different diameters was researched，based on the smallest resistance loss.The model of critical conveying velocity of full-tailings filling slurry of high concentration was established，and the affection laws of pipe diameter and concentration on critical conveying velocity were analyzed.The verification indicated that the calculation results of the model were reliable.In conclusion，the critical transport velocity regularly varies with pipe diameter，concentration and other factors.The results showed that with the increase of the diameter，the critical transport velocity of high concentration of the whole tailings backfill slurry increased by power function；with the concentration increasing，the critical transport velocity of high concentration of slurry tailing filling variation was reduced by cubic polynomial function.
    Mix Optimization of Mechanized Wet Shotcrete in High-stress Fractured Nickel Mine
    YAO Song, HAN Bin, WU Ai-Xiang, WANG Yi-Ming, GUO Jun-Qiang, HE Jian-Yuan
    2015, 44(11):  27-32. 
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    For solving the problems of poor supporting effect，high repair rate of the traditional dry shotcrete-rockbolt-mesh support in Jinchuan nickel mine，which is fractured and under high geo-pressure，the wet shotcrete technology is adopted to make the situation better.The effects of water-cement ratio，cement，water reducer and sand-coarse aggregate ratio（fine mung bean stone mass ratio）on workability and mechanical properties of wet shotcrete are studied in mix proportion experiment by using orthogonal design.The results show the effect sequence as following：water-cement ratio> cement dosage > sand-coarse aggregate ratio> water reducer dosage.And，water-cement ratio greater than 0.44，cement dosage greater than 430 kg/m3，a 2~4 sand-coarse aggregate ratio are necessary to acquire a slurry with a slump greater than 150 mm.Cement dosage is the biggest influence on the mechanical properties of wet shotcrete，followed by water-cement ratio and water reducer in sequence.The relationship curve between sand-coarse aggregate ratio and strength of wet shotcrete is a convex curve.The economical efficiency of wet shotcrete with different cement dosages is researched by introducing the concept of the coefficient of strength per unit cost V.Finally，the optimum mix proportion is determined.The application of the wet shotcrete achieves good effect and higher comprehensive economic benefit.
    Extension Theoretical Evaluation of Mine Blasting Effect
    ZHANG Jian-Hua, LI Ze-An, ZHOU Le-Jing-Yi
    2015, 44(11):  33-36. 
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    Aiming at the characteristics of mine blasting effect evaluation，the extension theory is introduced to evaluate the bench blasting effect in Huangmailing Phosphate Mine.Three parameters of blasting quality，safety and technical and economic benefits are selected as first-rank evaluation indexes.Nine parameters of loose coefficient，boulder yield，toe rate，foreward，backward，blasting vibration，fly rock distance，explosives specific consumption and ore caving amount per meter is considered as second-rank evaluation indexes.The calculation results show that：the blasting quality is within the range of good，and blasting safety，economic efficiency and ultimately blasting effect all are within the range of excellent.Finally，comparison of the blasting evaluation results with the actual situation shows that it is consistent with the actual situation.Therefore，the application of extension theory to evaluating mine blasting effect is feasible，and has engineering application value.
    Settlement Tests of Unclassified Tailings Waste Rock Compound Filling Body in Huibaoling Iron Mine
    RAO Yun-Zhang, ZHANG Zhong-Ya, SHU Tai-Jing, PENG Li-Zheng
    2015, 44(11):  37-41. 
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    The settlement of unclassified tailings waste rock compound filling body is a complex continuum mechanics loading process of non-Newtonian fluid and solid mixture，so it is difficult to obtain the settlement laws through the theoretical derivation or experience.In order to investigate the settlement of unclassified tailings waste rock compound filling body in Huibaoling Iron Mine，the similarity model test method is adopted to make the indoor simulation experiment on composite filling body with different proportions (height) of unclassified tailings and waste rock.The results showed that the proportion of waste rocks in compound filling body has a decreasing function with the total settlement amount.The fitting of total settlement amount of the compound filling body with time shows a decreasing logarithmic relationship among them.And the fitting curve significantly declined at 15d，so the settlement of compound filling approached to be stable after 15d，and roof cementation can be operated.After contrast on the time that required by settlement of compound filling with different proportions of waste rock，compound filling body with 1/2 ratio of waste rock has the fastest settlement.
    Change Laws of the Strength of High Level Cemented Backfill Body
    ZHANG Li-Xin
    2015, 44(11):  42-44. 
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    The cemented material，P.C32.5 cement，that was previously used in the mine is replaced by a new cementing material，named cementation powder，according to the requirement of lowering costs and improving efficiency.Based on the filling ratio required in design，there was a great difference between the blocks strength in the surface laboratory test and the core strength at filling body.At the stopes of 14-1# and 10-3# at the -400 m stage，the strength of blocks at surface laboratory and underground core at different depth was extracted，and the change law of strength for two kinds of cementing materials in different curing conditions was analyzed.For cement filling stope，the underground core strength was above 1.8 MPa higher than that of blocks in the laboratory test;For glue powder filling stope，the underground core strength at the three ratio（1∶4,1∶5,1∶6）was respectively above 2.0 MPa and 1.35 MPa and 0.7 MPa higher than that of blocks in the laboratory test，and with the decrease of the ratio，the filling strength was reduced.It provides a reliable basis for further optimizing the cement-sand ratio and thereby reducing the material consumption and filling cost.
    ABAQUS Simulation of Pressure Relief Control Technology for High-stress Roadway
    LIU Bin, HOU Da-De, SUN Guo-Quan
    2015, 44(11):  45-50. 
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    Because of the large geo-stress of soft rock roadway with high stress，the conventional support technology can not meet requirement of roadway support，resulting in many times of tunnel maintenance and the corresponding security risks.Based on ABAQUS software，the finite element analysis model for high stress relief roadway control technology is established.Drucker-Prager model of rock is adopted to analyze respectively the stress and strain in protecting roadway surrounding rocks of pressure-relief tunnel in different location，different excavating sequences and different relative distances.The results show that the pressure-relief roadways can significantly improve the stress concentration around the roadway with high stress，which is conducive to keep the stability of roadway structure.The conclusion is：1) pressure relief tunnel is firstly excavated，followed by the main tunnel，2) the optimal supporting locates at 4m from the main tunnel，and 3) different relative position of pressure-relief tunnel is selected for different direction of pressure arrival.The simulation results provide a reference for the design of similar high-stress roadway.
    Super High Water Material Mixed Consolidated Filling Method in Inclined Coal Seam
    YANG Jie, WANG Yu-Kai
    2015, 44(11):  51-56. 
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    In order to avoid the big influence of inclined angle on open backfill of super high water material and achieve a safe and efficient mining in gently inclined coal seam，the proposal for mixed filling was creatively put forward.The super high water material mixed consolidation technology was formed and its feasibility was deeply analyzed.At the same time，the related backfilling process was proposed：After the consolidated slurry is firstly backfilled，followed by the high water filling materials.When the slurry height reaches a certain level，second filling with consolidated slurry starts.The filling mechanism of the technique and the principals of controlling the overlying strata movement were analyzed.Also，the advantages and characteristics of high water material mixed consolidation technology were summarized.The result showed that：this new technology rationally utilized the inclined angle of coal seam to receive a breakthrough of filling without being limited by the inclined angle of coal seam and solving the difficulty in super high water material open backfill mining.Meanwhile，the efficiency of limiting rock movement was improved in further.Besides，the super high water material mixed consolidation technology has a lower price and has not a disturbance to mining.It gives a profound application prospect and a new mean to raise the recovery rate of mineral resources under buildings as well as relieve the damage of surface for the inclined coal mine.
    Study on Beneficiation Process of a Fine Low-grade Magnetite Ore from Abroad
    SUN Bing-Quan, GAO Chun-Qing
    2015, 44(11):  57-61. 
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    There is an iron ore contains 31.92% iron and 46.44% SiO2 from abroad.Mineral dissemination of the ore is microfine.Beneficiation test was conducted in order to provide a high efficiency beneficiation process by which qualified iron concentrate can be obtained while in the coarser grinding conditions.The results of small-scale beneficiation test showed that iron concentrate with iron grade above 68% at the grinding fineness of 95% passing 0.043 mm by adopting the process of stage grinding-LIMS-column separator separation，but iron concentrate with iron grade above 68% at the grinding fineness of 90% passing 0.076 mm by adopting the process of stage grinding-LIMS-reverse flotation，moreover can reduce above 45% ore quantity for the third grinding.The results of the pilot-scale test showed that iron concentrate with iron grade of 68.12%，content of 4.59%，iron recovery of 70.02%，magnetic iron recovery of 96.83% can be obtained via two stages grinding(90% passing 0.076 mm)-LIMS-reverse flotation-dehydration and regrinding(95% passing 0.038 mm) for flotation tailings-LIMS-reverse flotation process.High efficient separation was achieved on the ore.
    Mineral Processing Experiment of a Deep Buried Iron Ore from Liaoning
    YUAN Shuai, LI Yan-Jun, LIU Jie, LIU Shuang-An
    2015, 44(11):  62-65. 
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    Mineral processing technology of grinding-low intensity magnetic separation-middle-high intensity magnetic separation-concentration via regrinding and reverse flotation was applied for a deep buried hematite ore from Liaoning.The results showed that the test sample with iron grade of 29.22%，the hematite and limonite occupied the whole of iron ore for 67.76%，the main gangue mineral was quartz.The sample was ground to the fineness of -0.043 mm accounted for 75%，which applied for the low intensity magnetic separation (magnetic field intensity was 95.50 kA/m)，the middle-high intensity magnetic separation，and the magnetic separation concentrate was grinding to -0.038 mm accounted for 90%，then endure one roughing，once cleaning，three scavenging，the middling return to the flowsheet in turn reverse flotation.The low intensity magnetic concentrate and the reverse flotation concentrate were merged into the total concentrate，which with the iron grade of 67.26%，the iron recovery of 84.68%.Ideal technical indicators were achieved and process flow was simple，which can be the basis for the exploitation and utilization of iron ore resources.
    Magnetization Roasting-Magnetic Separation on a Siderite Ore from Chongqing
    CAI Xin-Wei, GE Ying-Yong, QU Jun
    2015, 44(11):  66-69. 
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    In order to confirm the utilization scheme of a highly oxidized siderite ore from Chongqing Province，the experimental study of the magnetic roasting-grinding-low intensity magnetic separation process was carried out.Under the conditions of roasting temperature at 800 ℃ for 50 min，the consumption of coal of 10%，the grind fineness of roasted product for 88% passing 200 mesh，low intensity magnetic separation of magnetic field intensity of 119.43 kA/m，low intensity magnetic concentrate with iron grade of 58.94%，and iron recovery of 76.38% were obtained.After SiO2，the high contents of MgO，MnO and Al2O3 in the weak magnetic separation concentrate are the factors that affect the iron grade of concentrate.
    Continuous Suspension Roasting Experiments on an Oolitic Hematite Ore at Low Temperature
    CHEN Chao, LIU Ya-Chuan, ZHANG Yu-Shu, ZHANG Shao-Xiang
    2015, 44(11):  70-73. 
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    Ministry of Land and Resources，Chengdu 610041,China；3.Metal Mineral Resources Comprehensive Utilization Technology Research Center，China Geological Survey，Chengdu 610041,China To test the possibility of develop oolitic hematite ore utilization using continuous suspension roaster developed by Institute of the Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resource and Northeastern University，suspension magnetic roasting-low intensity magnetic separation was conducted.The results showed that the -0.3 mm oolitic hematite ore was roasted at the conditions of temperature 575 ℃，CO volume concentration 90%（N2 volume concentration 10%），and total gas flow 6 m3/h，feeding rate of 100 kg/h and roasted products ground to -0.074 mm 90%，and then beneficiated by low intensity magnetic separation on Φ400×300 low intensity magnetic separator at the field intensity of 120 kA/m，concentrate with iron grade 56.22% and recovery 88.84% was obtained.The features of the suspension roasting and the index of the concentrate affirm continuous suspension roaster can realize high efficiency and low consumption utilization of oolitic hematite ore.
    Optimization of Copper Beneficiation Process for a Refractory Copper Ore in Qinghai
    CONG Ying
    2015, 44(11):  74-77. 
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    Because of inadequate liberation degree of monomer copper mineral，poor inhibition effect of pyrite，and undissociated copper-sulfur mineral combination cycle repeatedly in the form of middlings，result in instability process of floatation process and production index is not ideal.In order to improve the production index，on the basis of on-site process investigation to find the reasons that affecting production index，copper separation optimization on laboralory scale research was conducted.The results show that by using one roughing-three cleaning-three scavenging，one concentrate tailings and one scavenging concentrate are mixed and returned to regrinding after combining and other middlings are returned in order，grinding fineness increased from -0.043 mm account 75% to 94%，bleaching powder and sodium humate replace lime as inhibitor for pyrite in copper concentrating，Z-200 replaces butyl-xanthate as copper collector.Copper concentrate with Cu grade of 16.62% and Cu recovery of 80.75% was obtained，Cu grade and Cu recovery is increased by 2.05 and 0.54 percentage points respectively in comparison with the production field index.The new process is changed a little from the original on-site process，but the production index is improved significantly，so it is applicable to optimize for the original process.
    Flotation Performance of the New Frother 250A on a Copper Ore in Anhui
    YANG Zi-Li, MA Zi-Long, GUI Xia-Hui, XING Yao-Wen, RU Yi, MA Hui
    2015, 44(11):  78-81. 
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    The 250A is a new，inexpensive，readily biodegradable，less polluting copper frother which is newly developed by China University of Mining and Technology.To test its efficiency，copper flotation experiment were carried out on a certain low grade copper ore from Tongling in Anhui Province.Under the condition that grinding fineness of -0.074 mm account for 75%，a condition experiment was carried out to estimated dosage of roughing and a comparative test was carried out to compare flotation effect of two frothers with reference to field process.The results show that，under situation of the total dosage of 250A 100 g/t，copper concentrate contained 21.56% Cu and recovery rate of 87.32% was obtained；Correspondingly，under condition of the total dosage of pine camphor oil 150 g/t，the copper concentrates contained 21.67% Cu and recovery rate of 87.17% were achieved.Obviously，250A is high efficient and helpful to reduce cost and increase benefit for copper enterprise.
    Mineral Processing of Ore from a Super-huge Copper-molybdenum Mine in Tibet
    HU Zhi-Kai, XIAO Wan-Qin, YU Yang, CHEN Jing-Hua
    2015, 44(11):  82-86. 
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    There is a super-huge copper-molybdenum mine in Tibet，which is located in an ecologically vulnerable area，contents of Cu and Mo are relatively low，associated silver and gold can be comprehensively recovered.To find a develop method which can have good production index and have little effect on the environment，beneficiation experiments were carried out by Beijing General Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy(BGRIMM) using efficient，low consumption，easily degradable collector BK401 and frother BK201 as main flotation reagents.Results indicated that at the grinding fineness of 70% passing 200 mesh，via two roughing-two cleaning-two scavenging Cu-Mo bulk flotation，and one roughing-two scavenging separation of molybdenum from copper process，regrinding the molybdenum rough concentrate to 80% passing 400 mesh and enduring 5 times cleaning，copper concentrate with 26.22% Cu，4.83 g/t Au，384.00 g/t Ag，and Cu，Au，Ag recovery of 91.09%，59.42%，73.62% respectively，Molybdenum concentrate with molybdenum grade and recovery of 46.85% and 65.18% respectively was obtained.The research achievements have good guidance and demonstration significance to similar mine.
    Separation Tests of a Copper-molybdenum Mixed Concentrate from a Polymetallic Plant in Tibet
    LI Yue-Lin, LIU Ming-Shi, PEI De-Jin, JIE Zhao
    2015, 44(11):  87-90. 
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    Particles of a copper-molybdenum rough concentrate from a polymetallic plant in Tibet is -0.048 mm 85%.Copper，molybdenum，gold and silver grade is 19.06%，0.640%，6.98 g/t，and 490.90 g/t，respectively.Over 99% of the copper and molybdenum are native or secondary sulfide minerals.Beneficiation experiments were conducted on the ore in order to separate molybdenum from copper on the mixed concentrate using highly efficient and easy to be degraded reagent.The results indicated that：molybdenum concentrate with molybdenum grade of 47.68% and recovery of 81.45%，and copper concentrate with copper grade of 19.26% and recovery of 99.94% was obtained by the process of one roughing-four cleaning-two scavenging and middlings back to the flow-sheet in turn with high efficient and easy to be degraded ZG-2 as copper depressor，HTL-3 as copper collector at the grinding fineness of 0.048 mm passing 90%.Gold and silver mainly were enriched in copper concentrate.High efficiency and low toxicity separation of the copper-molybdenum bulk concentrate can be achieved.
    Experimental Study on a Refractory Silver-bearing Lead-zinc Ore of Guangxi
    YUAN Hua-Wei, LIU Quan-Jun, ZHANG Hui, ZHANG Yi-Chao
    2015, 44(11):  91-94. 
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    There is a silver-bearing lead-zinc ore with high oxidation rate，every mineral are closely associated with each other and fine disseminated，thus serious sliming，belongs to refractory oxidation lead-zinc ore.Beneficiation experiment was conducted in order to exploitation and utilization the ore.The results indicated that under the condition of the grinding fineness -0.074 mm accounted for 92%，utilize the flow of one roughing-two cleaning-one scavenging to float lead sulfide，one roughing-two cleaning-one scavenging to float zinc，and one roughing-three cleaning-two scavenging to float lead oxide，lead sulfide concentrate contain 42.21% Pb and 1 682.67 g/t silver，with lead recovery of 41.40% and silver recovery of 37.28%，zinc concentrate contain 48.86% Zn and 242.00 g/t silver，with zinc recovery of 78.56% and silver recovery of 21.69%，lead oxide concentrate contain 48.27% Pb and 2 336.28 g/t silver，with lead recovery of 34.80% and silver recovery of 38.06%，the total lead concentrate contain 44.77% Pb and 1 959.83 g/t silver，with lead recovery of 76.20% and silver recovery of 75.34%.The test index is relatively proper to be a basis for development and utilization of minerals.
    Flotation Experiment on a Lead-zinc Ore in Fujian Province
    CHEN Gang, YAO Ying-Qiang, LI Zhan-Hu
    2015, 44(11):  95-98. 
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    The valuable elements in a lead-zinc ore of Fujian Province were lead and zinc，silver and sulphur can be comprehensive recovered.The lead and zinc are mainly in form of sulfide minerals.In order to determine the appropriate lead and zinc recovery process，mineral processing tests on representative ore were carried out.The results showed that under grinding fineness of -74 μm 71.2%，the lead concentrate of 47.87% Pb，1 120.00 g/t Ag and Pb recovery of 92.99%，Ag recovery of 71.59%，and zinc concentrate of 50.75% Zn and recovery rate of 88.88% by the process of one roughing-three cleaning-two scavenging lead flotation，and one roughing-three cleaning-three scavenging zinc flotation，and middles back to the flow-sheet in turn.The test index was ideal and the process could be used as the designing references of lead-zinc recovery process.
    Geological Characteristics and Prospecting Orientation of the Nanpo Copper Deposit in Mengla County，Southern Yunnan Province
    ZHAO Ze-Yuan, JIAN Run-Tang, ZOU Guo-Fu, FAN Zhu-Guo
    2015, 44(11):  99-103. 
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    Combing with the regional geological background and the geological exploration results of the Nanpo copper deposit in Mengla county,Yunnan province,the ore-forming geological conditions,source of ore-forming materials,regularity of mineralization(relationship of source bed and ore-forming,relationship of stratigraphic position and ore-forming,relationship of formation lithology and ore-forming,relationship of tectonic and ore-forming,relationship of interaction zone with light purple and ore-forming)and genesis of mineral deposit in the mining area are analyzed in depth,the ore-forming factors of the Nanpo copper deposit are summarized,the geophysical-geochemical anomalies of the mining area are interpreted.The results show that:①the Nanpo copper deposit is mainly controlled by the tectonic,stratigraphic position,palaeosedimentary environment and lithologic,the secondary enrichment copper ore-body of the Nanpo copper deposit is closely associated with tectonic;②the adjacent rock stratum is the main ore-forming materials source,the ore-bearing strata("purple formation")is the most representative adjacent rock stratum;③the average apparent polarizability value of the copper sulfide ores in the mining area is 4.9%,the presence of sulphide is displayed by the significance characteristics of high polarization and medium resistance of the copper sulfide ores in the mining area;④the I#1、I#2、I#6 anomalies are distributed with the scattered points and beaded form,they are constructed the beaded form anomalies that is basically identical to the tectonic direction(NEE) in mining area,the anomalies characteristics are consistent with the mineralization clues that are already found in mining area;⑤the anomaly intensity of Ag,Cu and As are higher than other elements,the the HSI#、HSII# anomaly centers are fit well with the I#1 geophysical anomaly and the NW-trending fracture.Based on the prospecting information that is discussed in this paper,the prospecting prospective of the mining area is discussed in detail,therefore,the central and southeast part of the mining area are delineated as the favorable prospecting target areas to provide reference for the further prospecting work in the mining area.
    Characteristics and Prospecting Prediction of the Shanmen Copper Deposit，Eastern Zhejiang Province
    WANG Chang-Jiang, YE Wen-Rong, ZHANG Ming-Yang, SHI Jun-Long, ZHOU Qing
    2015, 44(11):  104-108. 
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    The ore-forming geological conditions of eastern Zhejiang volcanic depressions is good,a large number of copper-gold polymetallic deposits are distributed in this area.In order to understand the distribution regularity and geological characteristics of the copper deposits in this area and conduct prospecting prediction of the copper deposits in this area,firstly,the regional geological characteristics and physical,chemical,remote sensing characteristics of Shanmen area,eastern Zhejiang province are analyzed in depth;then,the output condition,geological characteristics,mineralization type and ore-controlling factors of the Shanmen copper deposit that is located in Banling-Huangshiao area in Shanmen area,eastern Zhejiang province are discussed in detail.The reslts show that:①the copper deposit mineralization in this area with certain characteristics of epithermal and porphyry metallogenic series,so,it is unreasonable to adopt the tectonic hydrothermal filling or typical porphyry metallogenic theory to guide the prospecting work in this area,the epithermal type copper polymetallic deposits related to the sub-volcanic rocks should be taken as the main prospecting object;②most of the mineralization happened in the mining area are high mineralizaiton or distal mineralization,the extending area of the mineralization is the main prospecting goal,the phenomenon of porphyry mineralization may be happened in deeper place.Based on the above results,the prospecting pattern of "one whole with five pars"is proposed,that is to say,the detailed prospecting ideas of the five kinds of mineralization types(NW-direction fault fracture zone,secondary volcanic institutions,multi-stages latent volcano-intrusive rocks,alteration zoning characteristics and geophysical-geochemical anomalies),to provide reference for the prospecting work in this area.
    Dual-observation Adjustment Model of Undermine Large Traverse Control Network
    YU Rui-Peng, LIN Hui, DING Cui, WANG Li-Juan, SUN Hua-Sheng
    2015, 44(11):  109-112. 
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    The quantity of two types of observation values are closely with each other and the additional observation values is relatively few,which are the obvious characteristics of undermine transverse adjustment.In order to improve the precision and reliability of the undermine large and control network,the dual-observation adjustment model is proposed based on the characteristics of the direct and reversed observation of undermine transverse control network and the more redundant observation required by posterior estimation.Compared with the classical adjustment models,the dual-observation adjustment model is characterized by more condition equations and easier to meet the estimation condition of posterior estimation,and then the precision can be effectively improved by determining the proper weight value by using posterior estimation.Taking the measure data of the undermine large traverse control network of a mine as the research example,the adjustment calculation is conducted,the results show that the difference between the azimuth angle adjustment values of the three known sides obtained by using the classical adjustment model and the true values are -10″,-12″,-15″respectively,the differences of the adjustment values obtained by the dual-observation adjustment model proposed in this paper and the true values are -10″m,-12″,-15″respectively,it is further indicated that the dual-observation adjustment model proposed in this paper can improve the precision and reliability of the nodes of the undermine large traverse control network by determining the reasonable weight values based on Helmert variance estimation method,therefore,it has some practical value to improve the adjustment precision of the undermine large traverse control network.
    Adaptive Filtering of the Remote Sensing Image of Mining Area in Dual-tree Complex Wavelet Transform Domain
    ZHANG Li-Juan
    2015, 44(11):  113-118. 
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    Remote sensing image is easily influenced by the factors such as imaging environment,the inherent defects of imaging device during the process of imagining,the phenomenon of distortion with different degrees of the remote sensing image is appeared.Combing with the excellent characteristics of multi-scale image analysis of dual-tree complex wavelet transform(DTCWT),a adaptive filtering algorithm of remote sensing image is proposed.Firsly,the obtained remote sensing image with poor visual effect is processed by histogram equalization algorithm to improve the image contrast;then,the enhanced remote sensing image is conduct dual-tree complex wavelet transform,the low-frequency coefficients and high-frequency coefficients are obtained,the low-frequency coefficient is remained unchanged,the high-frequency coefficients are filtered by the improved multi-stage median filtering algorithm，the classical multi-stage median filtering algorithm is improved as follows:①the four direction filtering windows of the classical multi-stage median filtering algorithm are extended to seven direction filtering windows,which is more advantages to keep the multiple directions characteristics of the information in remote sensing image;②the new added three filtering windows are denoised by weighted median filtering algorithm,the filtering values of the above seven filtering windows are processed by a discriminant method based on image gray value relevance so as to eliminate the filtering values with poor correlation to the filtering values of the pixels points,the average value of the rest of the filtering values is regarded as the filtered value;finally,the low-frequency coefficient and the filtered high-frequency coefficients are conducted inverse dual-tree complex wavelet transform.The experimental results based on MATLAB software show that:the algorithm proposed in this paper maintain the integrity of the detail information of the remote sensing image of mining area during the process of filtering,the performance the algorithm has a certain degree of ascension related to the classical multi-stage median filtering algorithm，besides that,the performance of the algorithm has obvious advantages to the algorithms of median filtering and bilateral filtering
    Research on the Static Experiments of Large Deformation with Constant Resistance Cable for the Landslide Monitoring in Coal Mine
    TAO Zhi-Gang, YIN Li-Jie, ZHANG Xiu-Lian, WU Ya-Li, 吕Qian
    2015, 44(11):  119-123. 
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    Materials with negative Poisson′s ratio effect including energy absorption than the traditional sense of the Poisson ratio of the material exhibits a more excellent performance in rock shock resistance，shear and many other aspects than the material with the traditional sense of the Poisson ratio.Therefore，in view of the issues that ordinary cable cannot resist the large deformation of soft rock and rock slope anchor breaking，a novel cable with large elongation and constant resistance and also with negative Poisson′s ratio effect has been researched and developed.The cable integrates the functions of monitoring-warning-control，with characteristics of high constant resistance，large deformation，super energy-absorbing，and successfully applied to the mine disaster control field.The axial deformation，radial deformation and constant resistance of large deformation cable with three different specifications of constant resistance were continuously measured.The experimental results show that all these cables have properties of constant resistance and energy absorption.The maximum deformation reaches 2000 mm during the constant resistance up to 200 kN，500 kN and 200 kN.This research fills the gaps in research of large deformation cable at home and abroad.
    Automatically Making System of Soft Rock Roadway Support Design
    LIU Qing-Na, WANG Pan-Fei, QU Pei-Chen, XU Yong-Jun, YOU Chun-An
    2015, 44(11):  124-127. 
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    In order to make design of soft rock roadway support more efficiently，scientifically and objectively，database technique was integrated with AutoCAD secondary development to automatically generate the CAD drawing of roadway support.Taking the Mining Area of Shandong Energy Longkou Coal Group for example，Database Management Systems (DBMS) of crustal stress，soft rock properties and roadway support was established based on engineering geological materials.According to the information of roadway surrounding rock classification，crustal stress and roadway applications，support parameters was obtained by intelligent analysis and manual intervention.Then，soft rock roadway support design was completed through parametric drawing which relies on AutoLISP embedded in AutoCAD，and matched with man-machine dialogue frame created by DCL language programming.Thus，the automatically making system of soft rock roadway support was gained.
    3D Visualization Technology of the Mining Area Land Reclamation Plan
    WU Chao, WANG Hai-Feng, WANG Shi-Dong
    2015, 44(11):  128-132. 
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    In order to solve the problem that the traditional two-dimensional mine reclamation plan can not express and analyze the spatial data and attribute data required by user，the construction and visualization methods of land reclamation of three-dimensional landscape model in mining area based on ArcGIS is investigated.The ArcGIS 3D analyst module is used to establish the 3D landscape models of land reclamation area，and analyze the slope ingredient，slope aspect and cut and fill in reclamation area.According to the data，the location，size and scope of landscape entities in the 3D landscape model，including farmland，woodland，residential areas，roads，ponds and others，are identified so as to make a scientific and reasonable landscape planning.A greater degree of real scene planning was achieved.Taking the Fengying Mine in Jiaozuo as a case，the application of 3D visualization technology in the landscape planning was studied.The results showed that the three-dimensional landscape model construction methods of land reclamation based on ArcGIS is real and correct.It can help to improve overall mining efficiency of land reclamation and scientificity and authenticity of landscape planning.
    Application of High Strength Pre-stressed Yielding Bolt under the Condition of Complex Surrounding Rock
    QIN Zhong-Cheng, WANG Bei-Bei, LIU Yu-Teng, PAN Rui-Kai
    2015, 44(11):  133-136. 
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    Taking the roadway support under complex surrounding rock at No.3103 working face in Yangying Mine for example，the natural equilibrium arch theory is used to calculate the reasonable support parameters of anchor under complex surrounding rocks:the length of top bolt 2.4 m，the space of top bolt 0.9 m;the length of side bolt 2.2 m，the space of side bolt 0.8 m，and the distance of two rows 1 m.Combining the bolt parameters with the numerical simulation software FLAC3D，simulations on the ordinary bolt，high strength pre-stressed bolt，high strength pre-stressed yielding bolt was carried out.The theory and practice demonstrated that the high strength pre-stressed yielding bolt can effectively support the roadway，reduce the damage range of surrounding rock loose circle，and prevent anchor from excessive load and too early into the state of failure.At the same time，it can reduce the support density of roadway and increase the digging speed.Hence，the high strength pre-stressed yielding bolt owns a good support performance for the roadway with complex surrounding rock.
    Research Progress on Adsorption of Heavy Metals with Bentonite from Aqueous Solutions
    CAO Xiao-Qiang, CHEN Ya-Nan, ZHANG Yan, LI Lin, HU Shu-Gang, 吕Xian-Jun
    2015, 44(11):  137-142. 
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    The discharge of wastewater containing heavy metal is considered to be one of the most important reasons for the accumulation of heavy metal in environment.While，adopting bentonite in heavy metal from wastewater has become a current research hot spot due to its excellent adsorptive characteristics and low cost.In order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the adsorption process of heavy metal with bentonite，the adsorption process of heavy metal with bentonite on the basis of the analysis of related literatures was introduced.The adsorption influencing factors，including adsorption isotherms，adsorption kinetics and adsorption thermodynamic，adsorption mechanism and desorption were introduced and reviewed.Finally，the current problems are concluded and the direction of further research about the adsorption of heavy metal with bentonite is pointed out to promote theoretical support for the practical wastewater treatment with this technology.
    Engineering Application and Stability Analysis of the Hanging Wall Rock of the Second-step Stope
    LIU Zhi-Yi, HOU Jin-Liang, ZHAO Guo-Yan, REN He-Xu, XUE Zhen-Lin
    2015, 44(11):  143-148. 
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    Ore dilution and stope safety were seriously affected by the phenomenon of stripping and rockfall occurred in the hanging wall rock of second-step stope in Sanshandao Gold Mine.Equivalent exposed area method and 3D-FEM were combined to analyze the stability of the hanging wall rock of second-step stope with different structure parameters.Equivalent exposed area，displacement and stress variation were calculated when the hanging wall rock was exposed with different parameters of the stope，stable situation was reflected based on the Maximum Permissible Exposure Area Criterion，Strength Theory Criterion and Maximum Permissible Displacement Criterion.The reasonable parameters of the stope and control measures of the hanging wall rock were suggested to apply according to the industrial test with the theoretical results.The test showed that the phenomenon of stripping and rockfall was occurred when the hanging wall rock was exposed after three days，though which was stable during the early days.The unstable areas were distributed at the mid-height of the hanging wall rock，and the location near stope roof.The combination support pattern of cable and wire mesh was adopted to control the deformation of the hanging wall rock，the supporting effect was good and stope safety and ore dilution were effectively guaranteed according to the industrial test.
    Spatial Organization and Industrial Development Model Design of Mine Park
    YANG Ning, WANG Jing, FU Mei-Chen
    2015, 44(11):  149-152. 
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    Mine parks，as a continuation in the lifecycle of mines，can release the pressure in the social and economic development of mining cities resulted from the mineral resources depletion.Due to different philosophies about the spatial organization and construction in different area，mine parks show different construction style.With Nanjing Yeshan Mine Park，an emerging national mine park，as a target，the spatial organizations and feasibility for industrialization in mine parks were discussed.The spatial organization of Yeshan Mine Park was analyzed.Based on the characteristics of resource distribution，two modes of functional zoning and mining relics zoning of mine park were proposed and the mode of coordination among scenic areas in the park was described.The promoting effect of tourism industrialization on other industries was discussed to solve the issue of economic sustainability in mines.Combining the resource-related characteristics，an especial industrialization mode of mine parks was designed.After evaluating the social benefits，ecological benefits and economic benefits，some feasible suggestions on industrialization and ecological restoration of mine parks were put forward.
    Influence of Strip Dislocation Degree on the Strata Control in Multi-coal Seam Mining
    WANG Bing, GUO Guang-Li, ZHU Xiao-Jun, WANG Jiong
    2015, 44(11):  153-157. 
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    In view of the actual situation of multi-coal seam strip mining in China，the concept of coal dislocation coefficient is put forward.Based on the FLAC3D numerical simulation software，the influencing laws of different coal dislocation coefficients on the stress of upper and lower bands protection coal pillar，the stress of intermediate rock and surface movement deformation in multi-coal seam strip mining were studied systematically.The reason for the influencing law is analyzed，and the function relations were given.The calculating method of ultimate coal dislocation coefficient in multi-coal seam strip mining was pointed out.The research results have important theoretical and practical significance for the coal face design of multi-coal seam strip mining.
    Mechanism Analysis and Control of Deep Shafts Wellbore Plugging
    吕Xiang-Dong
    2015, 44(11):  158-163. 
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    Based on ores movement regularity and characteristics of the mine shafts from the previous，through the observation of deep shafts in Heigou mine where wellbore plugging accident often occur，the deep shafts existence characteristics of vertical full section phase ores moving is found on top of the vertical full section continuous ore moving zone.This feature is generated by the arches effect of the ores flow in the shaft，and the formation and destruction of the arches in the wellbore are carried out alternately，so that the ores discharge shows like the pulse; It is concluded that the deep shafts ores movement rules include the phase movement of the vertical full section，the continuous movement of the vertical full section，the variable speed and direction movement of the vertical full section and the variable speed and direction movement of the vertical part section；The characteristics of phase and vertical full section ores movement is the important reason for wellbore plug，wall caving，wear and ore mixing and grading by analysis.At the same time，the processing technology of the plugging wellbore is put forward for the present deep shafts，For the design and construction of the new shafts，the design form of wellbore structure to prevent blockage is put forward；It opens up the new idea for trouble clearing appearing in deep shaft，and this idea is an important guiding significance on the design and practice of production of the same type of deep shafts.
    Mine Geological Disaster Risk Evaluation Based on the Improved Mutation Progression Method：A Case Study in Luan Mining Area
    WANG Yang, MA Shi-Min, XU Ke
    2015, 44(11):  164-168. 
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    In order to avoid the deficiencies of the calculation of evaluation index weight and subjective weight assignment of the classical mine geological disaster risk evaluation methods,taking Luan mining area as the study example,a improved mutation progression method based on entropy value method is proposed,and the improved mutation progression method is adopted to conduct mine geological disaster risk evaluation.Based on the systemic analysis of the characteristics and types of mine geological disasters in Luan mining area systematically,the five typical mines of Luan mining area are taken as the specific study examples,firstly,according to the characteristics and types of the mine geological disasters in Luan mining area,the index system of mine geological disaster risk evaluation is established,secondly,the relative importance of the same layer index of mine geological disaster risk evaluation is determined by adopting the entropy value method;then,the total mutations membership values of difference mines are calculated by the normalization formula of mutation progression method;finally,the mine geological disaster risk evaluation is conducted by adopting the converted graded standard.The evaluation result show that the mine geological disaster risk evaluated method proposed in this paper not only can avoid the subjectivity of determining the weights,but also can quantitatively distinguish the importance of the same level index,the evaluation results is consistent to the the filed geological investigation results,it can provide scientific basis for the risk evaluation and effective prevention and treatment of mine geological disaster.
    Study on Purification and Recycling of Dressing Wastewater from a Lead-zinc Plant of Gansu
    QIU Shu-Min, ZHAO Xiao-Feng, LI Guo-Dong
    2015, 44(11):  169-173. 
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    In order to solve the cyclic utilization problems on waste water in a lead zinc plant in Gansu，effect of natural purification treatment was explored，and the influences of different flocculants on the treatment efficiency of waste water are contrasted.Further study on the process parameters of activated carbon reprocessing was conducted based on the optimum process parameters using PAM，finally，the product index of treatment using wastewater both before and after purification and the tap water was compared.The results show that ①water quality improvement significantly by using PAM flocculation + activated carbon adsorption to treat wastewater，the reduction of solid suspended solids was 81.43%;the CODCr reducing rate is 74.56%；the Cu2+ reducing rate is 90.16% and Pb2+，Zn2+，Fe3+ removal rate was up to 93%；②treatment of ore by using purified wastewater，the indexes of lead concentrate and zinc concentrate were better than those of untreated wastewater，with the use of tap water production indicators have small differences.So，the purified wastewater return to production is completely feasible.
    Mineral Processing Experiment of a Tungsten and Tin Slime in Guangxi
    WANG Xi-Shao, LAN Jian, Li-Ning-Jun, LI Hai-Xia
    2015, 44(11):  174-178. 
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    The double wave fine mud shaking table was used in recycling tungsten and tin slime from Guangxi，the selected granularity was so fine that much tungsten-tin was lost in the tailings.In order to fully recycle tungsten and tin ore，in which main composition is wolframite and cassiterite，cyclone classification-HVC concentrator gravity-desulfurization and dearsenication by flotation,and then tungsten and tin mixed flotation process was applied.The mixed tungsten and tin concentrate with WO3 grade of 10.96% and Sn grade of 6.82%，the recovery of WO3 77.49% and the recovery of Sn 63.79% were obtained.Therefore，the technological schemes of sizing sorting and gravity concentration-flotation are efficient in second beneficiation of the tailings.
    Synthesis of 4A Zeolite Using Coal Gangue at Low Temperature
    LI Xia, FAN Wen-Yang, SUN Jian-Ling, ZHOU Shan, SUN Chun-Bao, GUO Zhen-Kun
    2015, 44(11):  179-183. 
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    To explore the way which can efficiently utilize coal gangue,the 4A zeolite was synthesized with alkali fusion-hydrothermal method at low temperature was characterized by XRD and SEM using the Coal Gangue of Inner Mongolia as the raw material.The composition ratio of the raw material was n(SiO2)∶n(Al2O3)=1.9,n(Na2O)∶n(SiO2)=2.2,n(H2O)∶n(Na2O)=30,using the guiding agent,crystallization temperature of 50 ℃ and crystallization time of 30 h,the calcium ion exchange capacity of the product achieves 318.00 mg/g;The XRD and SEM analysis showed that the 4A zeolite had high crystallization and degree of crystallinity,the structure of cubic crystal was complete,angular and the particle size was about 2 μm with the high purity and moderate porosity.The 4A zeolite was in accordance with the technical requirements specified in the 1768-2003 QB/T 4A Zeolite for detergents.
    Preparation of Bricks Made from Fine Low-silica Iron Ore Tailings without Sintering，Autoclave Curing or Cement
    XU Min-Zhu, LEI Guo-Yuan, SONG Jun-Ping, LUO Wen-Bin, PENG Wen-Bin, YU Zhi-Ping
    2015, 44(11):  184-188. 
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    MU25 grade burning-free，autoclave curing-free and non-cement（“Three-free” for short)bricks were prepared by the fine low-silica iron ore tailing of Jinshandian Iron Mine，Wuhan Steel Mining Co.，Ltd.，as the main raw material，and the self-made non-cement made of industrial power waste as curing agent.The effect of the technical conditions such as dosage of curing agent and its mechanically milling facilities，molding pressure，the type and dosage of chemical admixture，the initial stage of curing regime on the compressive strength and water resistance of the products was investigated.The results show that the 28 d compressive strength and water absorption saturated compressive strength of the bricks can reach 27.2 MPa and 24.3 MPa respectively at conditions of forming pressure of 50 MPa，the curing agent of mixed grinding and the iron ore tailing of 25% and 75% respectively，dosage ratio of early strength agent A and waterproof ingagent B to curing agent of 0.02% and 0.3% respectively，early curing temperature of 50 ℃ and curing for 36 h.All properties meet the requirement in JC/T422-2007 standard “Unfired Bricks Made of Tailings”.The study provides a low investment and high profit technique for large scale utilization of such tailings.