Table of Content

15 January 2018, Volume 47 Issue 1

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Research Situation of Ecological Rehabilitation Technology in Rock Open-pit Mine and Its Developing Trend

XIA Dong, LI Fu-Ping, YUAN Xue-Tao, XI Hong-Chao

2018, 47(1):  1-10. 

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About 80% of mineral resources need to be developed in the form of open-pit mining in our country,and the exposed slope formed in mine exploitation,has become the key difficulty which restricts the ecological restoration and reconstruction of the mining area. Hence,research on ecological restoration and reconstruction of open-pit mine rock slope plays an important role in the implementation of the construction of green mining in China. The digital identification of rock mass structure and ecological restoration of rock slope are demonstrated and the advantages and disadvantages of the reconstruction of rock slope ecological technology based on the relevant data collected from domestic and overseas are summarized. In conclusion, in the process of ecological reconstruction of rocky slope in open-pit mine,the influence of slope height,slope angle,geometry information of rock mass structure,rock weathering degree and rock mass quality grade on selection of the ecological reconstruction scheme selection should be fully considered,based on the investigation on geology,climate,soil,biology and rock mass quality,exploitation status and so on. The ecological reconstruction technique of rocky slope in open pit mine based on digital recognition of rock mass structure is proposed. Meanwhile,a vista of future with respect to the selection of suitable plants on slope and the long-term stability of ecosystem,the research and development of low-cost planting substrate for rock slope,the interaction mechanism of slope-planting substrate-root system and its overall mechanical stability are also provided.

Discussion on the Design of Phased Mining in JISCO Xigou Mine

XU Shou-Xin, CHEN Cheng, YAN Wei-Shan, SHEN Zhen-Peng

2018, 47(1):  11-14. 

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In the design of the technical renovation project of the Xigou Mine，the eastern hilltop is enclosed into the mining boundary.But after the production practice，it is proved that the mining of the eastern hilltop seriously threatened to the safe production of the 3 100 meter industrial site by adopting the complete boundary mining technology.Therefore，the proposal for solving the issue of production safety of the eastern hilltop mining by the phased mining is put forward.In the design of stage mining，the final boundary is divided into two stages by temporary non-working slope.The eastern hilltop is divided into the second phase of mining.According to the design standard for open-pit mine，the length of service of the phased mining，the temporary slope formation elements and the advancing sequence of each step are determined.Through the preparation of medium-term and long-term mining plan，the feasibility of the phased exploitation scheme is verified theoretically.From the first phase mining plan execution in the past two years，the designed scheme can guarantee that the annual production capacity is not reduced after the technological transformation with the final mining boundary not changed，and also can avoid the hidden danger of the eastern hilltop with considerable economic benefits obtained.

Paste Filling Technology with Optimization of Different Tailing Grain Compositions in Anqing Copper Mine

XU Wen-Yuan, GUO Li-Jie, YANG Xiao-Cong

2018, 47(1):  15-20. 

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Tailings gradation is the key factor that influences the backfill quality.The segregation of backfill slurry in Anging Copper Mine due to an inappropriate tailing gradation seriously affected the filling quality.In view of this,an ideal tailing gradation has been confirmed through the filling materials ratio tests,namely the underflow coarse sands and the overflow fine sands are mixed at the ratio of 17∶3 after the cyclone classification of the ore.Based on the existing backfill system,the underflow coarse sands and the overflow fine sands of the mine have been thickened respectively by using the current vertical tailings tank,and a paste filling material with a better granular composition was prepared after mixing and blending the classified tailings with the concentration of 72% and the overflow fine sands with the concentration of 58%.Practices showed that:the qualified paste filling materials that could match both the strength of filling body and the transmissibility of filling slurry with a good homogeneity was produced.Furthermore,this scheme also satisfies the needs of the paste cemented backfill and the sand-water non-cemented filling,and a good economic benefit is obtained.

Comparison and Analysis of Blasting of Concrete Specimen with Uncoupled Charge under Different Water Yield

ZHANG Da-Ning, HU Yin-Lin, GUO Lian-Jun, LI Xiu-Hu, PAN Bo

2018, 47(1):  21-26. 

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In order to study the mechanism of pre-splitting blasting damage under different water yield condition，the theoretical analysis of the uncoupled charge blasting of air and water is carried out based on the existing blasting theory，and it is concluded that the initial hole pressure of uncoupled charge in air and water medium were obtained separately.Based on this，the 3d double holes uncoupling blasting model is established by LS-DNAY（nonlinear finite element） dynamic analysis software.The initial compressive stress of the borehole walls under different water yield was analyzed under the same non-coupling charge structure.According to the Von Mises failure criterion，the effective stress evolution process at the concentric line of blasting hole.The test of uncoupling charge blasting of concrete specimen based on the theory and numerical simulation was carried out.The results showed that under the same charge conditions，the smaller amount of water in blasting hole，the smaller initial pressure at the blast hole wall，the smaller effective stress on the concentric line of the blast hole，and the better flatness the splitting surface.Meanwhile，when the air and water are mixed with uncoupled charge，the flatness of pre-splitting surface of air is better than that of water.

Underground Cutting and Mining Integrated Technology in Jingtieshan Mine

CHEN Yong-Qi, WANG Xiao-Lin, CHENG Guo-Hua, REN Guo-Fang

2018, 47(1):  27-31. 

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The pillarless sublevel caving method is currently used in Huashugou Iron Mine of Jingtieshan.The adoption of the artificial digging and cutting raise in this method causes high tunneling cost，high labor intensity，poor and dangerous working environment.In order to solve the problems of artificial digging and cutting raise，taking the cutting process of the pillarless sublevel caving as the research object，a cutting and mining integrated technique was developed through the theoretical analysis on the blasting parameters，the empirical formula or engineering analogy，and the engineering tests.The measures of reducing the deviation of medium depth drilling with Simba 1354 trolley，technical measures for construction of 127 mm empty holes by Simba 1354 drilling rig，technical measures of millisecond blasting control were studied.The high precision borehole by guide tube and the reaming hole by the reaming bit realized the function of large diameter empty hole.The mechanized operation of cutting process in pillarless sublevel caving method was realized to instead of manual digging and cutting process.The implementation of the cutting and mining integrated technology reduces the labor intensity of workers，improves the working environment，avoids from the harm of occupational diseases caused by cutting process，and promotes social harmony and stability.

Experimental Study on the Size Effect of Compressive Strength of Cemented Filling Body

GAN De-Qing, HAN Liang, LIU Zhi-Yi, ZHAO Hai-Xin

2018, 47(1):  32-36. 

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Size changes affect the mechanical property parameters of the material.As a kind of concrete material，the uniaxial compressive strength of the cube filling body specimens has a significant size effect.Under the consistent conditions for the proportion of cement and tailings，slurry concentration and curing age，the effect of size change on the uniaxial compressive strength of cemented filling body was studied.The VIC-3D full-field strain measurement system was used to monitor the rupture and evolution of the filling body specimen.It was found that the uniaxial compressive strength of the cemented filling body decreased gradually with the increase of the size，reduce nearly half.The peak strain of the specimen decreased gradually with the increase of the size and stabilized at 0.9%.The elasticity modulus and deformation modulus increased with the increase of size.The peak strength of the specimens of the size effect was quantitatively analyzed by size effect degrees.The size effect degree of 200 mm specimen reached 54%.A number of cracks occurred at the surface of specimens with smaller size when it is damaged.With the increase of the specimen size，there was a significant macroscopic failure zone on the surface of the specimen.When the large specimen reached the peak strength，serious damage fractures appeared at the local area，but most of the region did not occur obvious strain changes.

Calibration Methods of the PFC Microscopic Parameters for Simulating the Loose Ore Rock

LIU Huan, REN Feng-Yu, HE Rong-Xing, LI Guang-Hui

2018, 47(1):  37-41. 

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In order to match the microscopic parameters of the PFC contact models with the physical and mechanical properties of the loose ore rock,according to the PFC contact models and the characteristics of loose ore rock,it is proposed to adopt the rolling resistance linear model,or combine the rolling resistance linear model,linear model and hertz contact model into the different particles.The methods of calibrating the physical and mechanical properties of the loose ore rock are analyzed,and its advantages and disadvantages are pointed out.It is recommended to use the repose angle numerical test to calibrate the PFC microscopic parameters in accordance with the specific measurement conditions.With the aid of the repose angle numerical tests,the influence of the friction coefficient and rolling resistance coefficient in the rolling resistance linear model on repose angle of rock mass are studied.The results show that with the increase of friction coefficient and rolling resistance coefficient,the repose angle shows a tendency that increases first and then stabilizes.The repose angle range ranges from 22° to 50° in the simulation tests,which is in accord with the repose angle of loose ore rock in the reality.

Research of Mining Method for Recovering Cap Pillar of Goaf at 728 m Level in A′erhada Pb-Zn Mine

JIA Han-Wen, ZHOU Ya-Bo, LIU Long, LIU Xi-Ge, YAN Bao-Xu

2018, 47(1):  42-46. 

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Considering the safety and technical problems for recovering cap pillars at 728 m level of goaf in A′erhada Pb-Zn Mine,a block caving scheme of medium-length hole was proposed.Technical parameters of the scheme including stope structural parameters,mining projects,and stoping process were introduced.The cap pillar recovery process with raise shaft cutting and pullback caving at wings was determined.Then,FLAC3D software was adopted to analyze the variation regularity of stress,displacement and plastic zone at top pillar and the upper and lower plates in the recovery process.The numerical results show that the proposed cap pillar recovery scheme is reasonable,which provides a theoretical basis for the recovery of top pillars with an important practical significance.

Influence of Chute Cover Form on Discharge Capacity of Flood Drainage System in Tailings Pond

CHEN Wen

2018, 47(1):  47-52. 

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Chute-type drainage facility is a common flood discharge facility for tailings pond.In order to optimize the chute section to achieve full discharge，a chute type drainage system is considered as a model to analyze the effects of cover arch angle and water depth on the flood discharge capacity of the drainage system by the control variable method.The results show that there exists an optimal relationship between arch angle and discharge capacity.Under the same water depth，and in the weir flow state of the discharge，both of the arch angle and the discharge volume have a linear monotone decreasing relationship.In semi-pressure flow state，both have a linear monotonically increasing.In the mixed flow state，both diplay as a curvilinear regression of shedding downward.Impact of arch angle on the flow pattern showed that：the smaller arch angle，the faster the flow state shifts from weir flow to semi pressure flow as the water depth increasing.When the arch angle is greater than a certain value，the flow state is directly transferred to the semi pressure flow from the weir flow below the cover without the state of weir flow above the cover.These relationships between arch angle and the discharge capacity can be applied to the optimization of the chute section.

Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Fiber High-water Material

SUN Wei, LIU Chang-Wu, WU Fan, DIAO Zhao-Feng, FENG Bo, LI Xiao-Long

2018, 47(1):  53-57. 

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As a new type of filling material，high-water material has been widely used in backfill mining in recent years.However，the filling material of pure high-water material often occur many crack after compression，resulting in low strength and unstable performance.Polypropylene fiber was used to mix with high-water material.The failure process，compressive strength and deformation characteristics of high-water material doped with polypropylene fiber were tested by ETM mechanical test system.The results showed that the length and content of polypropylene fiber have influence on the strength of high-water material sample.Polypropylene fiber hardly any change the failure form of high-water material and the shape of stress-strain curve，and the destructional forms of the mixed sample is still “X” type shear and splitting failure.The mechanical properties of the high-water material were enhanced by the addition of polypropylene fiber，and the residual strength of the doped fiber sample was 65%~84% of the peak strength.The crack resistance effect of polypropylene fiber makes the high-water material have better integrity and continuity，polypropylene fiber has strong reinforcing effect on high-water material，and it is suitable for supplement of high-water material filling body in goaf.

Study on Spacing of Ore Drawing Roadway in Broken Orebody of Xujiagou Copper Mine in Shaanxi Province

GUO Jin-Ping, LI Ming, WANG Xiao-Lin

2018, 47(1):  58-62. 

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The spacing of ore drawing roadway is different from that of the general parallel roadways.In order to keep a balance between the recovery rate of ore and the stability of ore drawing roadway，and with Xujiagou copper mine in Shaanxi Province as engineering background，the roadway spacing is determined by ore drawing experiment and FLAC3D numerical simulation.According to the ellipsoid drawing theory，the ore drawing experiment is carried out and the parameters of the ore-drawing body are obtained.On this basis，the eccentricity equation of ore-drawing body is obtained by mathematical regression.When the drawing height is 50 m，and the b-axis length is 6.53 m，the theoretical spacing is determined 15.1 m according to ore-drawing body arrangement of high sublevel.Considering the situation that the orebody is broken and the stope roof is instable，and in accordance with the principle of “recovering ore as much as possible in the same middle section”，two spacing intervals of 10 m and 12.5 m are selected to make FLAC3D numerical simulation，and the results show that the 12.5 m spacing can maximize the stability of ore drawing roadway，and improve the recovery rate of ore.

Study on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Modified High-water Material with Different Content of Slag Powder

WU Mei-Su, LIU Chang-Wu

2018, 47(1):  63-67. 

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In order to reduce the filling cost of high-water material,improve the strength of filling material,and utilize solid waste in mine industry effectively,the impact of slag powder with addition of active components on the physical and mechanical properties and the crystal microstructure of high-water slurry and filling body are investigated.The test results showed that with the increase of slag powder content,the initial setting time was shortened,and the water content of the sample was decreased,but the unit weight was increased.What′s more,both the water content and the peak compressive strength have a better quadratic function relationship with the unit weight and the peak compressive strength；With the increase of slag powder content,the peak compressive strength and residual strength both decreased and then increased,and both of them reached the minimum when the slag powder content was 10%；From the microstructure of high-water material,it was clear that the addition of slag powder promoted the growth of ettringite crystal and calcium silicate hydrate gel,changed the crystal shapes and the space mesh structure.The addition of 20% slag powder can make the space mesh structure in most dense state,and its peak compressive strength reached the maximum in macroscopic state.

Experimental Study on the Whole Tailings Paste-like Backfilling Ratio in a Mine

QI Zhao-Jun, SONG Ze-Pu, KOU Yun-Peng, LIU Chao, JING Xiao-Dong, YANG Ji-Guang

2018, 47(1):  68-72. 

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At present,the coarse tailings from vertical tailings silos after free settling in a mine are used to realize self-flow cemented filling.There exist such problems as large amounts of bleeding at filling body,long solidification time and low strength in backfilling process.Aiming at the problems existing in the current filling method of the mine,and combining with the advantages of paste backfilling，the tailings paste-like backfilling ratio tests were carried out.The physical and chemical properties of the whole tailings and the classified tailings were mainly analyzed.On the basis of this,the experimental research on the paste-like backfilling ratio of the whole tailings and the classified tailing was carried out to contrast and analyze their index on slump,bleeding rate and uniaxial compressive strength.Combined with the requirements for the strength of the filling body in the mine production,the optimal matching scheme of backfilling to meet the production requirements is determined.The result shows that the whole tailings backfilling has a better effect than that of the classified tailings,and its strength can meet the needs of mine production.According to the actual mine production,the optimal matching scheme of the whole tailings paste-like backfilling is proposed.

Bonding Characteristics of Powder and Its Consolidation Mechanism in Rotary Kiln of Reduction

HUANG Zhu-Cheng, SHEN Xue-Hua, ZHU Shun-Wei, ZHONG Rong-Hai, HAN He-Tong

2018, 47(1):  73-78. 

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To solve the problem of ring forming of reduction rotary kiln or prolong the time for ring forming,bonding characteristics of powder were analyzed,including soft melting characteristics of powder and its consolidation strength.At the same time,the reasons and forming mechanism of powder consolidation in rotary kiln of reduction were also analyzed.The results showed that the stronger the reducing atmosphere and the higher the dosage of fly ash,the lower the soft melting temperature of powder,the easier the powder was to form liquid consolidation.The powder consolidation strength increased and became easier to consolidation in the rotary kiln wall with roasting temperature and ash content increasing.As the roasting time extended,powder considerably increased the bonding strength at first,then decreased significantly,and then rose again.The reason for powder consolidation strength increasing with temperature and ratio of coal ash increase,was that they promoted olivine and hedenbergite in powder to be formed,which made powder bonding closer.Powder consolidation strength change caused by roasting time was the common result of solid phase consolidation and powder morphology changes in reduction process as.At the beginning of roasting,solid phase consolidation and reduction simultaneously occurred,and powder consolidation strength rose;In the middle of the reduction roasting,after the solid consolidation process was basically ending,the reducing expansion effect appeared and powder consolidation strength drop rapidly;Late in the roasting and at basic end of Fe₂O₃-Fe₃O₄-FeO stage,metallic iron was generated in great quantities,powder volume shrank,and it′s strength rose.

Study of Magnetite Oxidized Pellet Prepared by Modified Composite Binder

XIE Xiao-Lin, DUAN Ting, ZHENG Fu-Qiang, GUO Yu-Feng, JING Jian-Fa

2018, 47(1):  79-83. 

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In order to reduce the dosage of bentonite，improve the iron grade of pellets and meet the strength requirements of green balls，preheated pellets and roasted pellets，the appropriate CMC and sodium acetate were added to modify the bentonite in the pelleting process.The dosage of CMC and sodium acetate prepared by the CMC composite binder and the modified CMC composite binder were studied based on the strength of green balls，preheated pellets and roasted pellets.The results indicated that the dosage of binder was reduced from 1.6% to 1.2% with ensuring the favorable strength of green balls，preheated pellets and roasted pellets while the modified CMC composite binder was used，which was made by adding the 0.9% CMC and 0.5% sodium acetate into bentonite.The drop strength and compressive strength of green pellets were 4.1 times and 22.12 N/one，the compressive strength of preheated pellets and roasted pellets were 532 N/one and 3 444 N/one separately.

Effects of Calcium and Magnesium Ions on Flocculation Behavior of Fine Hematite

ZENG Rui, ZHANG Qin, GOU Bao, PAN Deng, LI Lian

2018, 47(1):  84-87. 

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In order to understand the effect of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ on the flocculation behavior of fine hematite,with a grained hematite ore in Brazil as the object,the effects of Ca2+ and Mg2+ on flocculation of grained hematite were investigated by adjusting the pH value of the pulp by Na₂CO₃ and NaOH.The results showed that Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ contenting in the pulp promoted the flocculation of fine hematite.With the increase of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ concentration,the effect is enhanced.When the pH regulator is Na₂CO₃,the promoting effect of Ca²⁺ below the concentration of hard water on the flocculation behavior of fine hematite is enhanced with the increase of pulp pH,and the promoting effect of Mg²⁺ on the flocculation behavior of fine hematite is enhanced and then weakened.When the pH regulator is NaOH,the effect of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ on the flocculation behavior of fine hematite was gradually enhanced with the increase of pH value.The effect of Ca²⁺ on the flocculation behavior of fine hematite is better than that of Mg²⁺ under the same hardness of water.Under the same experimental conditions,the flocculation effect of fine hematite with NaOH as a regulator is stronger than that with Na₂CO₃ as a regulator.

Adsorption Mechanism of Collector Allyl Isobutyl Thionocarbamate on the Surface of Copper Sulphide

LIU Xue-Yong, HAN Yue-Xin

2018, 47(1):  88-92. 

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Allyl isobutyl thionocarbamate (ATC) is a new generation of ester concentration agent which has strong collecting force on chalcopyrite and weak force on pyrite.It is an excellent collector for separation of copper sulphide and pyrite.The zeta potential,the adsorption measurement tests,and the infrared spectrum analysis were made to detect the separating effect of ATC on chalcopyrite and pyrite and the absorption mechanism,based on the floatation tests of pure minerals.The results showed that：Within the test pH range,ATC floating ability on chalcopyrite was stronger than that on pyrite.The collecting force and selectivity of collector ATC are better than that of traditional collector Z-200.With the dosage of ATC 11.8% in pH value 9.0,recovery rate of chalcopyrite differed from that of pyrite by 55 percentage point.The slurry pH value has less impact on chalcopyrite floatability and more impact on that of pyrite；The dosage of ATC has more impact on the zeta potential of chalcopyrite and less impact on that of pyrite.Infrared spectrum analysis showed that：the adsorption of ATC on chalcopyrite surface belongs to chemical adsorption and that on pyrite belongs to physical adsorption.

Beneficiation Experiments on Graphite-containing Secondary Copper Sulfide with High Calcium in Xinjiang

ZHANG Xiao-Feng

2018, 47(1):  93-96. 

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The grade of Cu in the graphite-containing secondary copper sulfide with high calcium from Xinjiang is 1.95%，and the content of secondary copper sulfide is 92.82% of the total Cu.The main copper minerals are bornite，chalcocite，digenite，and covellite.The other metallic minerals are pyrite.The main gangue minerals are calcite，quartz，mica，kaolinite，etc with a small amount of platy graphite.The copper minerals with the diameter of 0.037~0.15 mm mainly occurs in disseminated， granular， discrete vain-like，and veinlets forms，and are embedded tightly with pyrite，graphite and other gangues.The beneficiation experiment was conducted to determine the suitable process.The results showed that the copper concentrate 1 with copper content of 23.83%， recovery rate of 75.06% was obtained by the process of one roughing，three cleaning and two scavenging under the grinding fineness of -0.074 mm accounting for 85%.The copper concentrate 2 with copper content of 13.01% and recovery rate of 14.08% was obtained by the process of one roughing and two scavenging flotation of cleaning tailings，three cleaning of middlings after regrinding fineness of -0.038 mm accounting for 97% of the combination of cleaning tailings with coarse concentrate.Finally，total copper concentrate with copper grade of 21.07%，and recovery rate of 89.14% was achieved with proper separation and recovery of copper minerals.

Mineral Processing Test for Molybdenum-bearing Lead Ore in Qinghai Province

JIN Jian-Ping, LI Hui, WU Tian-Jiao

2018, 47(1):  97-101. 

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The molybdenum-bearing lead ore in Qinghai is mainly composed of feldspar-quartz vein type，quartz vein type， calcite-quartz vein and silicified gneiss type lead-molybdenum mixed ore.The grade of lead and molybdenum are respectively 3.60% and 0.041%，with low oxidation degree.The main lead-molybdenum minerals are galena and molybdenite.Lead and molybdenum are the main recovery objects.For the green and efficient recovery of lead and molybdenum in ore，ore beneficiation experiment was conducted.Test research showed that with the grinding fineness of -0.074 mm accounted for 70%，diethyldithiocarbamate and kerosene as collector，the mixed flotation process of one-stage roughing,one-stage cleaning,and one-stage scavenging was used to concentrate lead and molybdenum.As lead-molybdenum concentrate was reground to -0.037 mm accounted for 80%，with sodium sulfide and P-Nokes as lead inhibitors，lead concentrates with lead content of 70.30% and lead recovery of 86.98%,and molybdenum concentrates with molybdenum grade of 45.68% and molybdenum recovery of 84.67% were obtained separately by lead inhibiting and molybdenum floating process of one-stage roughing，three-stage cleaning，and one-stage scavenging.

Experimental Study on Mineral Processing of a Gold Ore in Iran

XIE Yuan-Ming

2018, 47(1):  102-106. 

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The grade of a gold ore from Iran was 7.05 g/t.The gold minerals mainly existed in pyrite in the form of exposed and semi-exposed gold.The particle size of natural gold ranged widely，with 81.15% of fine grain gold particles (0.01~0.06 mm) and 18.85% of micro-fine gold particles.In order to determine beneficiation process of the ore，the mineral processing experiments were carried out.The test results showed that：①the process of stage grinding-stage separation can effectively reduce the loss of coarse gold particles in flotation process and avoid over-grinding in grinding process，meanwhile it was beneficial to the dissociation of unevenly fine gold-bearing minerals.②part of qualified gold concentrate can be recovered by using jigging machine from grinding products with fineness of -200 mesh accounted for 65%，which fully embodied the concepts of recover early and step separation.③the gold gravity concentrate with grade of 81.43 g/t and a recovery of 45.52%，the gold flotation concentrate with grade of 56.12 g/t and a recovery of 44.99% were obtained separately，and the comprehensive gold concentrate with grade of 66.52 g/t and a recovery of 90.51% was achieved by the process of stage grinding-jigging gravity-stage flotation.④cyanide leaching process was adopted to treat the tailings containing 0.74 g/t of gold，hence the leaching rate could reach 62.16% while the gold grade of final leaching residue was only 0.28 g/t.

Separation Process of Vanadium and Iron during Oxygen Pressure Acid Leaching of Vanadium Shale

WANG Lu-Yao, ZHANG Yi-Min, HUANG Jing, LIU Tao, XUE Nan-Nan

2018, 47(1):  107-111. 

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In order to explore the conditions of oxygen pressure acid leaching for a vanadium shale in Hubei,with K₂SO₄ as additive,the influence of K₂SO₄ dosage，concentration of sulfuric acid，oxygen partial pressure,leaching temperature，and leaching time on leaching rate of vanadium and iron are investigated respectively during the extraction of Vanadium from black shale by oxygen pressure acid leaching.The results showed that under the conditions of K₂SO₄ dosage 7%，the concentration of H₂SO₄ 15%，leaching temperature 190 ℃ for 5h at 2.0 MPa，the leaching rate of vanadium was 89.90% while the leaching rate of iron was only 5.73%.Obviously,the leaching rate of vanadium is increased,and the leaching rate of iron is greatly reduced compared with the tests without K₂SO₄.XRD phase and FTIR analysis showed that the addition of K₂SO₄ intensified the crystal structure destruction of mica which can promote the release of vanadium and increase its leaching rate.Yavapaiite sediment (KFe(SO₄)₂) formed by the reaction of K₊，SO²⁺₄ and Fe³⁺ reduces the leaching rate of iron,that is the main reason for separating vanadium and iron.Therefore，in the oxygen pressure acid leaching process of vanadium shale，the proper addition of K₂SO₄ can increase the leaching rate of vanadium，and also effectively separate Vanadium and Iron，and reduce the negatively effects of Fe on the subsequent extraction process.

Extraction of Vanadium from Stone Coal by Roasting Acid Leaching based on Ammonium Sulfate and Sulfuric Acid as Additives

WU Qiang, PENG Tong-Jiang, SUN Hong-Juan, ZHANG Dong

2018, 47(1):  112-115. 

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In order to understand the influence of ammonium sulfate and concentrated sulfuric acid additives on extraction of vanadium in the process of roasting-acid leaching of vanadium-containing stone coal,taking the vanadium-containing stone coal from Guangyuan,Sichuan as the research object (33.03% of vanadium occurs in organic matter,and 59.45% of vanadium occurs in silicate minerals),the influences of roasting temperature,the dosage of mixed auxiliary additives,particle size of the sample and leaching temperature on the leaching rate of vanadium were investigated under the mole ratio of mixed auxiliary ammonium sulfate and concentrated sulfuric acid 1∶1.The results showed that under the conditions of the ammonium sulfate + concentrated sulfuric acid as additives,mica phase disappeared at roasting temperature 250 ℃with new phases NH₄Fe(SO₄)₂ and CaSO₄ generated.With the roasting temperature gradually raising to 500 ℃,the diffraction peak intensity of NH₄Fe (SO₄) is weakened.A new phase NH₄Al(SO₄)₂ among roasting clinker was generated at 320 ℃,raised at 350 ℃ and totally disappeared at 400 ℃；For the samples with fineness of -120 mesh,adding ammonium sulfate + concentrated sulfuric acid with the mole ratio of SO^2-₄ and Al₂O₃+Fe₂O₃ 3.5,the roasting clinker with temperature of 350 ℃ was treated by sulfuric acid leaching at 90 ℃,and then the leaching rate of vanadium reached 95.67%.

FS Activated Sulfur Flotation Tests for Tin-containing Tailings of Inhibiting Sulfur and Floating Zinc

ZHANG Xi-Zhe, GE Ying-Yong, LIU Zhi, LIU Ming, MENG Yu, ZHU Guo-Qing

2018, 47(1):  116-119. 

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A tin ore dressing plant in Yunnan adopts the process of floating zinc and suppressing sulfur-floating sulfur by sulfate activation-tin concentration from sulfur floating tailings to recover major useful elements of tin,zinc,and sulfur.Sulfuric acid activated floatation not only corrodes mixing tank,flotation machine and other slurry storage and transportation equipment,but also acted with the minerals,that will release toxic hydrogen sulfide gas,and cause environmental pollution.To solve this problem,the related research groups from Wuhan University of Technology targeted to develop a new type of reagent FS,which can replace the suppressed sulfur at the sulfuric acid activation site.The desulfurization conditions of FS as activator were studied.The results showed that for the sample with sulfur and tin grade of 21.24% and 11.43%,with FS + copper sulfate as activator,butyl xanthate as collector,2# oil as foaming agent,sulfur concentrate with sulfur grade of 36.57%,tin content of 0.60%,and sulfur recovery rate of 97.76%,and desulfurization product with Tin grade of 25.66%,sulfur content of 1.10%,and tin recovery rate of 97.03% were obtained separately by the closed-circuit process of one roughing,one cleaning and one scavenging.The separation of sulfur and tin are properly realized.The combination of new reagent FS with copper sulfate not only avoids from equipment corrosion,but also reduces the consumption of reagents.So it can eliminate the gas pollution from hydrogen sulfide.

Effect and Mechanism of Aluminum Ion on Quartz Flotation in the System of Sodium Oleate

CHEN Li-Quan, ZHANG Ling-Yan, CHEN Zhi-Qiang, DUAN Shu-Tong, GUAN Jun-Fang, TANG Shao-Yu

2018, 47(1):  120-124. 

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In order to describe the effect and mechanism of aluminum ion on quartz flotation in the system of sodium oleate，quartz flotation tests in the system of sodium oleate were carried out with 0.038~0.074 mm quartz pure mineral,and the mechanism was analyzed from views of zeta potential tests,solution chemical calculation and infrared spectroscopy analysis.The results showed that ①sodium oleate did not collect quartz without activation of aluminum ion but excessive aluminum ion will have negative effect on collection of quartz because of the consumption of sodium oleate.②With the help of aluminum ion,quartz can be collected by sodium oleate under the alkalescent conditions,and increasing the concentration of sodium oleate can raise the recovery of quartz in flotation.③The recovery of quartz in flotation could reach 93.4% under the conditions of pH value 8.0,Al³⁺ concentration of 3.0×10^-4 mol/L and sodium oleate concentration of 6.25×10^-4 mol/L.④Without aluminum ion,the surface of quartz is negatively charged under the conditions of pH values from 2.0 to 12.0,so sodium oleate,anionic collector,can not float quartz.But when aluminum ion has been added,the zeta potential of the quartz surface becomes positive at pH values from 3.8 to 9.2,and aluminum ion adsorbed on the quartz surface becomes the active point of the quartz adsorbing sodium oleate,which improves the floatability of the quartz.⑤When the recovery of quartz flotation is high,the main form of Al³⁺ in solution is Al(OH)_3(S) and the content of Al（OH）²⁺ and Al(OH)⁺₂ are very low,indicating that Al(OH)_3(S) is the main component which activates quartz.⑥The infrared spectrum of quartz + sodium oleate is similar to that of quartz,and only the intensity of the absorption peak is weakened.The only characteristic peak is the peak of Si—O bond.The infrared spectrum curve of quartz + Al³⁺ + sodium oleate shows the —CH₂— stretching vibration absorption peak,—CH₂— bending vibration absorption peak,and —CH₃ and —C=O— stretching vibration absorption peak,which are the characteristics of oleate peak,indicating that oleate occurs adsorption in the quartz surface.

Study on the Influencing Factors for Filtration of Fine-grained Hematite Concentrate in the System of Oleic Acid

PAN Deng, ZHANG Qin, WU Mei, ZENG Rui, LI Lian

2018, 47(1):  125-127. 

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It is difficult to filter the fine hematite concentrate with sodium oleate flotation.In order to find a solution to the problem，the effects of the dosage of sodium oleate,pulp pH value,pulp temperature and starch dosage on the filtration effect of hematite concentrates were investigated with a fine hematite concentrate (-75 μm accounting for 96.90%) in Brazil as the object.The results showed that:①The dosage of sodium oleate has a significant effect on the filtration of fine hematite concentrate,and with the increase of the dosage of sodium oleate,the filter cake resistance of hematite concentrate is increased.②The effect of pulp pH value on the specific resistance of hematite concentrates is great,and the strong acidic conditions can weaken or even eliminate the obstruction of sodium oleate to the filtration of hematite concentrates with less variation of filter cake resistance of hematite concentrates in near-neutral environment.The filtration effect of hematite concentrates is worse under strong alkaline conditions.③The pulp temperature has little impact on the filter cake resistance of hematite concentrate,and the cake resistance decreases with the increase of temperature.④Adding a small amount of starch can promote the filtration of hematite concentrate,and excessive starch will increase the filter cake resistance of hematite concentrate.

Soil Geochemical Characteristics and Metallogenic Prediction of Sanguanmiao Mo-polymetallid Mning Area in Lushi County,Henan Province

SUN Yu, SHEN Yuan, LU Zheng-Qing, PENG Qiong-Bin

2018, 47(1):  128-136. 

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Sanguanmiao Mo-polymetallic deposit in Lushi County,Henan Province is lcoated in the south margin of the midwest of Lushi-Luanchuan marginal fold belt of of the south margin of North China Landmass,it is the favorable prospecting area of W,Mo,Pb,Zn,Au and Ag minerals.The Euclidean distance method after dimension standardization of multivariate statistic analysis method is adopted to study the prospecting prediction of Sanguanmiao mining area based on soil geochemical survey results,the Mo-Cu-Zn-Pb-W element correlation anomaly,As-Sb-Hg-Ag element correlation anomaly and Bi anomaly are divided based on the element combination,affinity-disaffinity relationship and genetic relationship by using cluster analysis method,so,the problem of the poor R-type cluster effect caused by poor element linear correlation in geochemical exploration work is solved effectively.The main metallogenic elements (Mo,Zn,Pb) and associate elements (Cu,W) are found by conducting comparison and analysis of the distribution characteristics of element correlation anomalies and single element anomaly.Based on the above analysis results,the prospecting target areas of the mining area are delineated based on the regional metallogenic geological background and the comprehensive anomaly characteristics of the mining area,the prospecting target areas are verified by using 1∶10 000 high-precise magnetic method,besides that,they are further verified by adopting pit method and drilling method.The study results show that:①both of I-type Sanguanmiao-Zhao′ao comprehensive Mo-Cu-Zn-Pb-W prospecting target area and Ⅱ-type Beinangou comprehensive Mo-Zn-Pb-W-Hg-As-Cu prospecting target area are belongs to mineralization anomalies,which is consistent to the cluster analysis results,they are the favorable prospecting areas in the mining area;②the Mo grade of I-type prospecting target area can not meet the requirement of industrial grade,while the Mo and TFe grade in Ⅱ-type prospecting target area reach to the industrial grade level (the maximum content of Mo is 0.28%,the maximum content of Fe is 46.1%),therefore,it is the favorable prospecting target area for the Mo-polymetallic deposit;③the metallogenic potential of medium-high temperature hydrothermal type Mo-polymetallic deposit and porphyry-skarn type Mo polymetallic deposit are huge in the mining area.

Mining Subsidence Prediction Based on GA-SVM Algorithm of Pangushan Tungsten Deposit in Jiangxi Province

CHEN Hui, HAN Heng-Mei

2018, 47(1):  143-146. 

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Traditional mining subsidence monitoring method with the shortcomings of time-consuming and low precision,which can not be used to predict the development trends of mining subsidence.Taking Pangushan tungsten mining area of Jiangxi Province as the study example,a new mining subsidence prediction method based on GA-SVM algorithm is proposed by the combination of GA (genetic algorithm) and SVM (support vector machine) algorithm.Firstly,the SVM algorithm is optimized by using GA,the operations of selection,mutate and crossover of SVM are cone by adopting GA;then,the mining subsidence prediction parameters of probability integral method based on GA-SVM algorithm,and the mining subsidence of the mining area is predicted.The study results show that the error between the mining subsidence prediction data of GA-SVM method and the actual measured data is lower than 5%,the DEM (digital elevation model) established by the mining subsidence prediction data by using GA-SVM algorithm is basically consistence to the one established by the actual measured data,which further indicated that the prediction precise of GA-SVM algorithm proposed in this paper is good.

Research on Reverse Circulation Drilling Technology for Large-diameter Mine Drilling Hole

ZHAO Jiang-Peng, LIU Jian-Lin, ZHAO Jian-Guo

2018, 47(1):  147-151. 

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In view of the problems of hard to discharge residue and low efficiency of rock breaking，the large caliber reverse circulation drilling technology was studied.Basic conditions for the establishment of reverse circulation was analyzed，and 3 kinds of sealing methods including the ejector type，multilayer rubber chip type，and double sealing of hole bottom and entrance，and their application were introduced.Based on the double sealing method of hole bottom and top，2 kinds of large diameter reverse circulation DTH hammers with specifications of 311 mm and 580/311 mm and their supporting devices for entrance sealing were developed.The on-site application showed that this method can establish and maintain reverse circulation channel with good discharge effect and high drilling efficiency.It is worthy to be further popularized to large diameter drilling in mines.

Mathematical Model of Mining Operative Plan for an Open Pit Mine with Two-element Integer Programming

HUANG Min, LI Xue-Hua, JIA Min

2018, 47(1):  152-155. 

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In order to maximize the net present value，a new operative planning model for an open-pit mine based on binary integer programming is proposed in the case of simultaneous optimization of boundary grade and optimization of mining order.The model consists of three parts:①actual economic losses;②probability distribution and average grade;③expected economic loss.The economic loss evaluation and probability of a lump of ore are integrated into a two-element integer programming model through physical constraints.The model is based on the optimal processing decision to determine the optimal mining order for each period.In order to verify the applicability of the proposed model，a case study of a gold mine was carried out.The result showed that it is feasible to use this model to get the mining sequence.The model can obtain higher optimal net present value in a reasonable time.

Using Data Agents Synchronization Method to Realize the Integration of the Old Business Systems of Mine

FENG Zhi-Dong, LI Xiong-Huai, LU Liu-Wei

2018, 47(1):  156-160. 

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System integration is one of the key contents in construction of mine enterprise information.The integration between multiple business systems are considered from the view of the planning and designing，such as SOA architecture ideas or “specification of industrial enterprise informationization integration system (GB T 26335-2010)” or other standards.All these usually require the discarding or reforming of existing systems，and series of new sub-systems would be designed and deployed in accordance with existing planning.However，so far most of the mining enterprises have spent a lot of manpower and resources to import the “old system” which do not follow the specification，and reforming or discarding these systems is great costly.Based on the data，it is put forward that the “single inflow and multi-distribution of data” is the basic goal and principle of the integration among the old business systems.Based on the analysis of traditional data integration methods，a new data agent model is proposed to solve the problem of integration among old business systems in the construction process of mine informationization.This model does not need to change the original system with feature of simple principle and low cost.Also，the coupling degree between the systems can be reduced，so it can be used as an effective reference for the peer researchers.

Flow Calibration Tube for Depth Measurement of Bore Holes in Open Pit Mine

DONG 二Hu, GUO Lian-Jun

2018, 47(1):  161-166. 

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The depth measurement of blasting holes plays an important rule in explosion charging and blasting effect controlling for bench blasting and pre-split blasting in open-pit mines.Percolation water usually occurs more or less in bore holes in most of deep open-pit mines.Mud or debris deposited on the bottom with different depth according to the rock types and hydrological environment.Measuring rope with balance weight is usually used to measure the bore holes depth.Whether arriving at the bottom of hole depends on the rope relax observed by the surveyor,with big error often occurred.When the hole depth measurement needs a continuous,quick or multi-hole operation,the rope is easily invaded by water and mud due to the complicated operation,even resulting in failure measurement (such as water freezes of measuring rope in winter).The structure of flow calibration tube is designed and the measurement principle is discussed as well.The operation standard for flow calibration device is set up.When the holes of bench blasting in open pit mine contains water and mud,the hole depth,the water column height,the height of the slime sludge and the depth of explosives in slime could be totally read from the flow calibration device.Flow calibration tube is easier to use than the measuring rope and can be used repeatedly.It has a higher accuracy and efficiency with lower cost,and can provide the accurate bore holes data before blast charging.

Design of Monitoring System for Grinding Process Mill based on C#

DENG Zhan, WANG Jian-Min

2018, 47(1):  167-171. 

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There are two problems in the grinding process of mill，the one is that it is difficult to realize automatic control of mill load and the other is that there is the disadvantages of OPC technology data transmission.A monitoring system based on C# is designed by using VS programming software.According to the actual production needs and the requirements of the monitoring system，the monitoring system is designed in the following functions as the running state display of the equipment operation data，the drawing curve of mill,four kinds of control mode of manual，automatic，expert and optimization，the function of editing and operating menu module under human-computer interaction，and the operational data storage.At the same time,the serial communication technology owned by C# is adopted to realize the data transmission between the mill controller and the monitoring computer.The running results show that the system can meet the requirement of automatic control of mill，and has the advantages of low development cost，strong reliability and flexible control mode.

Research on Rock Deformation Mechanism of Gob-side Entry Retaining Formed by Roof Cut in Large Mining Height Working Face

YANG Xiao-Jie, ZHANG Min, WANG 二Yu

2018, 47(1):  172-177. 

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With the engineering background of gob-side entry retaining of large mining height working surface in Ningtiaota Coal Mine by roof pre-splitting,the finite element method were used to analyze the influence of roof pre-splitting to the stress distribution of surrounding rock during gob-side entry retaining.The of gob-side entry retaining supporting and blasting construction are introduced.According to the monitoring data of displacement and separation of surrounding rock,roof separation,the stress of the constant resistance anchorage cable,work resistance of hydraulic support,the appearance law of surrounding rock pressure from the beginning,deformation,stabilizing the pressure is analyzed.Field test shows that the entry retaining formed by roof cut and pressure releasing technique can cut off the transfer path of mining stress,significantly reduce the dynamic pressure disturbance on the gob-side entry retaining surrounding rock at shallow buried and large mining height working surface,and effectively restrain the deformation of surrounding rock.The roadway section size can meet the requirements of production.

Influence of the Occurrence Status of Overburden Fault on Roadway Stability in Sanshandao Gold Mine

TIAN Li-Mei, ZHANG Ying, ZHANG Jing-Hua

2018, 47(1):  178-182. 

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Large number of Engineering practices show that the influence of faults on the roadway stability is significant.Taking the main faults F₁,F₂ and F₃ in Sanshandao Gold Mine as the engineering background,the roadway excavation process is conducted numerical simulation under the conditions of the faults with dip angle of 0°,50°,and 90°,5 m,10 m and 15 m away from roadway roof to horizontal faults,the faults with the thickness of 10 m,15 m and 20 m,the influence of fault dip angle,distance of roadway roof and faults and faults thickness on roadway stability is discussed by comparing with the roadway stability in the absence of faults.The study results show that convergence of the both sides of roadway can be increasing with the increasing of fault dip angle;the main manifestation of the influence of faults thickness on roadway stability is the subsidence increasing of roadway roof;the influence of the distance of roadway roof to fault within 10 m on safety roadway excavation is significant,therefore,some related supporting measures should be taken effectively.

Study on the Preparation of Microelectrolyte Filler with Copper Slag and Its Treatment on Methyl Orange Waste-water

TANG Qiong-Yao, HUANG Lei, LIU Hao, YU Wen, SUN Yang-Yang

2018, 47(1):  183-186. 

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In order to explore a new way to efficiently utilize copper slag,the process for preparing microelectrolysis filler was studied,with the water quenched copper slag from Guixi smelting plant and the anthracite from Shandong as raw materials.Then,the process conditions for treating the simulated methyl orange wastewater were investigated.The results showed that the microelectrolysis filler prepared under the conditions of mass ratio of anthracite and copper slag 25%,roasting temperature at 1 150 ℃ for 60 min had a good removal effect on treatment of the simulated methyl orange wastewater：400 mL methyl orange simulated wastewater with concentration of 100 mg/L can be treated by 2.0 g of microelectrolysis filler with grinding fineness of 0.1 mm at initial pH value ranging from 2 to 10，and 95% methyl orange were removed after treating for 10 min.

Determination of the Concurrent Mining and Reclamation of a Single Working Face of Longgu Mine in Shandong Province

YUAN Dong-Zhu, HU Zhen-Qi, HU Jia-Liang, CHEN Jing-Ping

2018, 47(1):  187-192. 

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The traditional technique of coal-mining subsidence reclamation usually takes the method of reclamation after final subsidence,which takes too much time with lower reclamation rate.In resent years,the concurrent mining and reclamation theory is proposed by some scholars and certain achievements are obtained.But the research results are almost aiming at the large damage area cased by single coal seam or multiple coal seams,and the corresponding concurrent mining and reclamation technique is also based on a the various stages of the surface deformation in large area to make reclamation program,which can not reflect the dynamic combination mechanism between ground reclamation and underground mining effectively.Taking the subsidence area caused by the mining activity of the single working face of Longgu Mine in Shandong Province as the study example,the concurrent mining and reclamation technique is studied in depth.According to the advancing speed of the selected working face of the mine,the project is divided into 8 phases,the land damage situations cased by mining activities of each stage is analyzed,based on the damage degree and damaged land type,nine evaluation units are divided,the the land reclamation suitability is evaluated respectively.Combing with the land reclamation suitability evaluation results of nine evaluation units,the evaluation units are merged into different reclamation units,the reclamation plans are carried out respectively,and the land reclamation construction engineering of different reclamation units are arranged reasonably,the optimal reclamation time is determined by comparing the reclaimed land area and corresponding reclamation costs of each phases,so as to obtain more reclaimed land with lower costs.

Experiments on Acid Leaching—Low Intensity Magnetic Separation of Modified Electric Furnace Copper Slag

WANG Fu-Kun, HUANG Zi-Li, GAO Si, LIAO Jun-Ping

2018, 47(1):  193-196. 

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The electric furnace copper slag from a copper smelting plant contain copper content of 1.24% and iron content 31.80%,and the main iron ore exists in fayalite and magnetite phase.In order to determine the recycling and utilizing process for electric furnace copper smelting slag,the process conditions were studied.The results showed that under conditions of grinding fineness of 52.6 μm accounting for 90%,sulfuric acid concentration of 150 g/L,hydrogen peroxide dosage of 150 mL/kg,L/S ratio of 5 mL/g，leaching temperature of 60 ℃ for 60 min,low magnetic field intensity of 160 kA/m，such indexes as copper leaching rate of 67.15%,iron concentrate with iron grade of 56.01% and iron recovery rate of 62.38% were realized from copper slag with copper and iron well recovered.