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    15 February 2018, Volume 47 Issue 2
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    Mineral Structure and Flotation Performance of Talc
    DAI Zi-Lin, GAO Li-Xia, LI Gui-Ying, KONG Zhen-Xing
    2018, 47(2):  1-6. 
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    The talcum mine is one of the most important mines in the national economy，and to provide reference for the efficient utilization of talc resources in China，The structure and surface properties of talc minerals and their relationship with floatability were systematically discussed.Talc is a layered silicate mineral with complete interlaminar dissociation.When the talc crystal is broken and dissociated，there are two surfaces with different properties.The hydrophobicity of the base surface is better，and the hydrophobicity of the end surface is slightly worse.Talc minerals have excellent natural hydrophobicity.In water medium，Na+ and K+ can destroy the hydration film on talc surface and improve the natural floatability of talc.In the presence of polyvalent metal ions，they are adsorbed on the talc surface in form of metal ions，hydroxyl complex ions or hydroxide precipitates.Only when hydroxides are adsorbed on the talc surface，talc was depressed，with the pH increased，and the hydroxide adsorbed on the talc surface will fall off，and the natural floatability of talc will recover.The mixed use of kerosene and foaming agent can improve the recovery rate of talc，but the flotation process is not stable because of poor dispersity of kerosene，especially when kerosene and terpineol are shared.The flotation effect of amine collector on talc is better under the condition of low pH，and the dispersity of amine collector in slurry becomes worse under the condition of high alkalinity，and the effect will be similar to that of kerosene，which will seriously affect the performance of flotation foam and worsen flotation effect.Oleic acid is not suitable for flotation of talc and polyvalent metal ions can be considered as activator of talc when oleic acid is used.The hydrophobic group of anionic polymer inhibitor molecules will be physically adsorbed with hydrophobic talc base through van der Waals force.While the hydrophilic group will face outward，thus making the talc surface hydrophilic and inhibited.The polysugar inhibitors can only be physically adsorbed on the talc surface，and polyacrylamide modified by N atom has remarkable inhibition effect on talc.
    Research Status of Mineral Processing Technology of Phosphate Rock in China
    ZHEN Feng-Sheng, SHA Hui-Yu, LIU Chang-Miao, FENG An-Sheng
    2018, 47(2):  7-13. 
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    Phosphate rock is a non-metallic ore with strategic significance，irreplaceable and non-renewable.In China the phosphate rock is rich.However，there are few readily available sedimentary metamorphic apatite rocks and more refractory phosphate rock blocks.According to the mineralogical characteristics of phosphate rock，the phosphate ore is classified as magmatic rock apatite，sedimentary metamorphic phosphorite and sedimentary rock type phosphate.The magmatic rock apatite beneficiation method contains flotation method，magnetic-flotation combined process.Phosphorus minerals are distributed in sedimentary metamorphic phosphorite with embedded coarse grain size，has good floatability，which use direct flotation method，scrubbing desliming-flotation combined process.Sedimentary rock type phosphate suitable using flotation method，gravity method，gravity-flotation combined process，magnetic-floatation combined process，scrubbing desliming-flotation combined process and roasting-digestion process.For most of China's phosphate rock is low-grade，crystalline fine，cryptocrystalline，poor selectivity characteristics，it is proposed that the combined use of flotation and other beneficiation methods is the main direction to deal with such refractory ore.
    Scientific Difficulties and Research Prospects in Deep Mining of Offshore Gold Deposit
    LIU Huan-Xin, WANG Jian-Bo, ZHAO Jie, WU Qin-Zheng
    2018, 47(2):  14-18. 
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    Exploration and exploitation of deep resources are major technological issues in China and academic world.As a basis of comprehensive summary on scientific difficulties in deep mining and the existing technological accumulation in exploitation of shallow resources of Shandong Gold Group,and taking the offshore mining in Sanshandao Gold Mine as breakthrough point,the key problems for shallow or deep mining within 2 000 m were analyzed,including rock mechanics and ground stress environment,database construction,safe and efficient mining,digging and extension of 2 000 m deep shaft,heat-harm controlling and green filling technology of deep mine and so on.Some prospects on the basic theory and corresponding applied technology research were made,in order to provide guidance for the deep mining of Shandong Gold Group.
    Mechanical Deformation Characteristics of Rock Mass-Filling under Different Loading Modes
    WANG Ming-Xu, XU Meng-Guo, Cheng-Ai-Ping, LIU Xiao-Yun, DU Yu-Xiang
    2018, 47(2):  19-26. 
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    In order to study the mechanical deformation characteristics of the composite of rock mass-filling body and its contact zone，three different loading modes，such as axial loading，bi-directional shear loading，and designed similar triaxial loading tests are adopted.The strain changes of the composite under axial loading are observed by the strain gauges.The crack initiation and propagation under different loads are observed by means of microscopic imaging equipment.Meanwhile，the corresponding numerical simulation is carried out.The results show that the strain value of the contact zone at the upper horizontal plane is larger than that at the lower horizontal plane.The strain value gradually decreases from the filling body to the contact zone and then to the ore body，the number of abrupt changes of strain values near the side of filling body at contact zone is more than that near the rockmass.Under the action of load，the crack initiation will gradually expand with the increase of load，and there is no relevant damage point of the surface with no crack and damage.Under the three kinds of loadings，the major damage occurs at rock ore with the most serious damage in triaxial loading test.It is verified that the variation rule of strain values of the corresponding monitoring points are in good agreement with the numerical simulation.
    Sensitivity Analysis of Impact Factors of Goaf Group Stability and Its Application
    LI Ling-Xin, WANG Guo-Wei
    2018, 47(2):  27-34. 
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    To study the rank of factors influencing the goaf group stability,the safety factor calculation formula of pillar,roof and goaf goaf were deduced successively based on a underground gold mine.Orthogonal experiment was made to analyze the impact factors of goaf group stability,then the sensitivity rank and main control factors were obtained,then the relationship between the main control factors and the safety factor,the corresponding critical value were also studied.The study showed that the sensitivity rank of goaf group's impact factors were as follows in a descending order：goaf group top-surface distance,pillar height,mining level number,roof thickness,pillar number in one mining level,pillar width,roof depth,goaf span.Pillar width is the main control factor of pillar,and its safety factor increased approximately linearly with pillar width with corresponding critical width of 8.4 m;Roof thickness is the main control factor of roof,its safety factor increased with roof thickness in the form of power function,and the rate increased gradually,with corresponding critical thickneess of 8.7 m;top-surface distance was the main control factor of the whole goaf group,and its safety factor declined with the increase of top-surface distance with corresponding critical distance of 124 m.
    Research on Safety Thickness of Goaf Roof under Open Pit Mining Based on Energy Law
    LI Yu-Fei, YE Yi-Cheng, HU 南Yan, HU Sheng-Dong, LUO Bin-Yu, YUAN Zhou-Hao
    2018, 47(2):  35-40. 
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    To determine the safety thickness of goaf roof under open pit mining,based on the mechanics theory,the stress characteristics of goaf roof under open pit mining was analyzed,and the mechanical structure model of clamped-clamped beam was established.The equation describing total energy of goaf roof structure was derived from the energy conservation law,noted that the total energy was taken account of roof bending strain energy,horizontal load work and vertical uniform load work,and the potential energy function of the goaf roof was obtained.Based on the catastrophe theory,the cusp catastrophe model for the system of goaf roof was built,the criterion of instability of goaf roof was obtained,and also the computational model of the safety thickness of goaf roof was conducted.According to an application case study on the safety thickness of goaf roof of an open-pit mine,the final critical thickness of goaf roof was 11.34m in theoretical calculation,which is basically the same as the site safety warning of empirical value 12m.The results show that the computational model of the safety thickness of goaf roof is reasonable and feasible,which provides a theoretical basis and engineering guidance for the design of the safety thickness of goaf roof under open pit mining.
    Comprehensive Treatment of a Mined-out Area in a Ag-polymetallic Deposit
    JIA Hai-Bo, REN Feng-Yu, DING Hang-Xing, HE Rong-Xing
    2018, 47(2):  41-45. 
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    The mentioned Ag-polymetallic deposit in Inner Mongolia is slowly-inclined vain,which is mined through short-hole shrinkage method.After years' mining,there formed a large mined-out area in the mine and a quantity of ore as ore pillars are remained.In order to eliminate the hidden danger in the mined-out area,the systemic treatment of the mined-out area is studied.By using FLAC3D,the different treatment measures and constructing orders are calculated and simulated,the dynamic change of the surrounding rock tress and displacement during the treatment process is analyzed and finally a safe and effective solution is determined.According to the results of numeral simulation,the filling at one interval method is adopted and the ore pillars are recovered in the process of filling,realizing effective control of the surrounding rock deformation and the surface subsidence,and ensuring construction safety in the process of treatment.This method provides a reference for treatment of large mined-out area in similar mines.
    Study on Mining Technology of Inclined Thin Orebody in Guantianchang Copper Mine
    LIN You, YOU Ben-Yong, DONG Ji-De, XIA Jian-Bo, WEN Yi-Ming
    2018, 47(2):  46-49. 
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    Aiming at the problems existing in ore drawing of inclined thin orebody in Guantianchang copper mine,the original mining scheme with stoping downward along the inclined orebody was transformed into the optimized mining scheme with stepped stoping upward along the pseudo inclined plane.The method of determining the angle between the pseudo inclined plane and the direction of ore body was introduced when the stope was arranged along the pseudo inclined plane; This method was practically applied in mines.The results showed that the optimized mining process simultaneously jointed drilling with supporting and handling processes.So it can greatly improve the mining efficiency,ensure the safety of the mine stope,reduce mining engineering quantity,and lowered the mining cost by 14.1 yuan /t,with higher practical value and economic benefit.
    Evolution Law of Mechanical Characteristics of the Sample in the Ion-type Rare Earth Leaching Process
    HUANG Guang-Li, WANG Xiao-Jun, LI Yong-Xin, LI Shi-Chao, CHEN Xin, HAN Jian-Wen
    2018, 47(2):  50-55. 
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    The effects of 3%(NH4)2SO4 solution leaching on the cohesion and internal friction angle of remolded rare earth samples were analyzed by means of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and three axis strength test of remolded rare earth samples.The test results show that the effective leaching time is 3h when the solution is dipped in 3% (NH4)2SO4,while the pure water leaching has no effective leaching time.In the effective leaching time of 3% (NH4)2O4 solution,the cohesive force of the sample was decreased by 79.5%.When leaching time ranging from 3h to 6h,the cohesion was slightly increased,while the internal friction angle of the sample was reduced by 54.5%.From the magnetic resonance images,it can be seen that in the effective leaching time,magnetic resonance image samples will appear in a "black shadow".With the leaching time extending,"black shadow" will move from the upper to the bottom.It is inferred that the shadow is the region where the chemical replacement reaction takes place.
    Numerical Simulation Analysis on Stability of Deep Large-scale Mining Rock Mass
    LI Zhan-Jin, HAO Jia-Wang, SUN Wen-Cheng, YANG Mei-Hong
    2018, 47(2):  56-60. 
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    Based on the process of deep stope mining and backfilling with FLAC3D in Macheng iron ore,numerical simulation on the stability of surrounding rock and filling body is made,and field tests were carried out to validate the simulation.The results showed:①After one step stoping,The roof of the mine has been subsiding and distressing,and the stress obviously concentrates at the top floor with the maximum stress of 36.45 MPa,and local plastic damage of surrounding rock;At the two-step stoping,the stress concentration of the ore column increased,with the maximum concentration stress reached 69.35 MPa,and the maximum displacement of the top plate 15.01 cm,resulting that the surrounding rock in the empty area was unstable.②After the step of cementation filling,cementing filling body has played a supporting role in surrounding rock,and restored the triaxial stress state of surrounding rock to a certain extent,and lowered stress concentration degree in mining roof;After two-step stoping backfilling,filling body can further inhibit the mined-out development of plastic zone,and the stress distribution of surrounding rock is relatively uniform,and roof displacement does not occur.Roof and floor deformation have been effectively controlled,and the safety and reliability of the deep large-scale mining area are guaranteed.
    Research on Bottom Structural Stress State by Natural Caving Method
    ZHE Ya-Lei, HOU Ke-Peng, CHENG Yong, YANG Ba-Jiu
    2018, 47(2):  61-63. 
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    With the Pulang copper mine as background，the importance of the undercutting project in natural caving was analyzed.With the use of FLAC3D numerical simulation software，the distribution of the bottom structural stress state is studied during the process of undercutting，with the size of the undercutting line gradually increasing.A more favorable distance from the undercutting line to the poly trough was obtained.On the basis of the measured ground stress，and through changing the horizontal structural stress values，the stress distribution of the bottom structure were described under four different stresses.The stress state which is beneficial to the ore caving and the stability of the bottom structure was determined.The research result can provide a guide for designing mining process in mine with caving method and safety production.
    Optimized Decision for the Development of New Backfill Cementing Materials Based on the Rod Milling Sand
    LI Mao-Hui, CHEN Zhi-Jie, GAO Qian
    2018, 47(2):  64-69. 
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    Taking Jinchuan mine rod milling sand as a case,with the use of solid waste such as lime,desulfurization ash,slag powder,and mirabilite and NaOH as the admixture to replace the cement,a kind of new backfill cementing material was developed.The effects of the activators on the strength of the new backfill cementing materials were investigated through the orthogonal experiment.The MATLAB genetic programming is exploited to get the regression function of compressive strength of new backfill cementing materials and rate of settlement with the activators.Finally,the genetic algorithm was used to limitedly optimize the regression function.The results show：the compressive strengths of new backfill cementing materials for 3 d,7 d,28 d are 1.00 MPa,4.03 MPa and 6.73 MPa respectively with the lime of 7.05%,desulfurization ash of 16.32%,mirabilite of 3.062%,NaOH 1.08% and slag of 72.48%.The optimization results conform to the requirements of the filling strength,which lays a foundation for further industrial test of new backfill cementing materials.
    Research on Kinetics of Magnetization Roasting for Siderite and Hematite Iron Mixtures from Qijiang
    ZHANG Xiao-Long, HAN Yue-Xin, LI Yan-Jun, ZHOU Zheng
    2018, 47(2):  70-75. 
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    Magnetization roasting pretreatment has been proved as an effective method for beneficiation of siderite and hematite iron mixture，the kinetics research on roasting process could provide theoretical support for the key technology of magnetic roasting for this kind of iron ore.Research of kinetics and roasted product microscopic morphology on magnetization roasting for the ore under neutral atmosphere was conducted by X ray diffraction，self-made thermogravimetric analysis furnace and scanning electron microscope.The results showed that the siderite and hematite in ore were transformed into magnetite without any reducers during roasting operation，the resolve occurrence of siderite reaction was the restriction factors of the whole reaction process.Increasing heating temperature within a certain range was in favor of shortening the time of each reaction stage，and the maximum conversion rate could be reached with a short time.The mechanism function for magnetization roasting of the ore was nucleation and growth reaction model，the corresponding activation energy E and the pre-exponential factor A were 74.48 kJ/mol and 27.39 min-1 respectively.Some micro-cracks were formed in the particles after roasting，iron minerals were closely related to gangue minerals，and fine grinding was required before the further separation.Mn，Ca and Mg remained in roasted product，which could lower the iron grade of the concentrate.
    Evaluation System of Producing High Purified Iron Concentrate Based on Mineralogical Genetic Characteristics of Raw Material
    SUN Yong-Sheng, CAO Yue, HAN Yue-Xin, LI Yan-Jun, LIU Jie
    2018, 47(2):  76-79. 
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    In order to realize efficient and accurate filtrating of raw materials of high purified iron concentrate，reduce the waste caused by repeated experiment and shorten development cycle，a new method of predicating whether the iron ore is suitable for producing high purified iron concentrate according to its mineralogical characteristics has been proposed.Six typical magnetite concentrate was collected，and their iron phase composition，characteristics of magnetite intergrowth and grain size of magnetite were analyzed.Combining with the experimental results of producing high purified iron concentrate，key factors of mineralogy that affect the quality of high purified iron concentrate were determined.The inner connection between genetic mineralogy characteristic of raw material and the separation index was revealed.An evaluation system for producing of high purified iron concentrate based on mineralogical genetic characteristics was established，which provided technical support for efficient preparation of high purified iron concentrate.
    Study of Triboelectrostatic Separation on Ilmenite Ore
    PENG Zhen, YANG Xing, WANG Hai-Feng, ZHANG Guang-Wen, YANG Jin-Shan, ZHAO Xiao-Lu
    2018, 47(2):  80-84. 
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    In order to investigate the feasibility of ilmenite separation by triboelectrostatic,the triboelectrostatic charging characteristics of ilmenite and its main individual gangue minerals with different friction media have been compared.Results show that PVC is the most suitable friction material as it results in the best charge differences between ilmenite and gangue minerals and ilmenite reaches the highest specific charge density of 4 nC/g.The optimum particle size fraction is determined to be 0.074~0.125 mm based on comparison among different particle sizes of specific charge density.Separation experiments with different mixtures of ilmenite,feldspar,quartz and mica with particle sizes of 0.074~0.125 mm were carried out by a laboratory sawtooth type of triboelectrostatic separation system to study influence of separation voltage,feed rate,and airflow velocity on the separation efficiency.The results show that the separation efficiencies increased initially and then decreased with the increase of separation voltage,feed rate and air flow rate.The optimum ilmenite separation efficiency could be reached at 20 kV separation voltage,4.7 g/s feed rate and 80 m3/h air flow rate.
    Beneficiation Technology Research of a Silver Bearing Lead Oxidized Ore in Tibet
    LIAO Qian
    2018, 47(2):  85-88. 
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    There is 5.01% lead and 53.11 g/t silver in a silver bearing lead oxide ore,lead oxidation rate is 41.72%. Beneficiation process research was conducted to develop and utilize the ore. Results indicated that:at the grinding fineness of 60% passing 0.075 mm,using sodium silicate as dispersant,Na2S as vulcanizing agent,butyl xanthate as collector,2# oil as foaming agent,via one roughing three cleaning two scavenging closed circuit flotation,lead concentrate with yield rate of 7.35%,lead grade of 62.87% and lead recovery of 92.23%,silver content of 658.14 g/t,silver recovery of 89.66%. Lead sulfide and lead oxide mixed and then sulfide flotation improve the whole flotability of lead mineral,lead and silver was recovered at coarser grinding fineness,which can reduce grinding cost,and can meet the requirements of granularity in tailings backfilling.
    Experiment on Reverse Flotation Desulfurization of a High Sulfur Bauxite from Guizhou
    YANG Zhuo, LIU Ru-Ming, ZHANG Zhi-Hua, CHEN Xing-Hua, LAI Xiang-Sheng
    2018, 47(2):  89-93. 
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    There is 62.60% Al2O3,7.15% S in a high sulfur bauxite ore in Guizhou,ratio of aluminum to silicon is 11.54.Main useful mineral is diaspore,and the ore belongs to typical high-grade diaspore type high sulfur bauxite.In order to provide basis for rational exploitation and utilization of the ore,experiment was carried out by the reverse flotation desulphurization process.Result showed that at grinding fineness of -0.074 mm was 85%,with sodium carbonate as pulp pH regulator,copper sulfate as activator,modified starch as inhibitor,butyl xanthate as collector,terpenic oil as foaming agent,via one roughing one cleaning two scavenging,cleaning tailings and scavenging concentrates are all returned to roughing process,concentrate with 72.06% Al2O3 and sulfur content of 0.27% was obtained.The results can provide reference for industrial application of the bauxite ore.
    Research on Process Mineralogy of a Altered Basalt Type Molybdenum Ore from Yunnan Province
    CHEN Qi-Liang
    2018, 47(2):  94-97. 
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    The altered basalt type molybdenum ore from Yunnan Province is newly discovered molybdenum ore type.To provide basis for the development and utilization of this kind of ore,process mineralogy study was carried out.Results show that：①valuable element is Mo,impurity elements mainly for SiO2,molybdenum grade is 0.105%,main useful mineral is molybdenite,molybdenite distribution rate in molybdenum ore is 91.74%,belong to low grade of altered basalt type sulphur molybdenum ore; molybdite and aluminium molybdate total distribution rate of molybdenum was 7.34%.Chalcopyrite content is low,has no recycling value,but have worse effect on molybdenum concentrate grade;Gypsum,talc content is high,which is unfavorable for molybdenum ore dressing recovery.②The structure of the ore are mainly flake-microscopic flaky structure,euhedral-half automorphic granular structure,euhedral shape structure and poikilitic structure.The contruction of the ore are mainly sparse disseminated contruction and fine vein contruction.③molybdenite show in euhedral-half automorphic shape,sparsely disseminated,fine vein output,the average particle size is about 50 μm,10~70 μm fraction account for 51.3%,less than 10 μm fraction yield 12.4%,which is mainly in fine,micro fine grained,tiny scales molybdenite is hard to be separated from gangue minerals,need to fine grinding to monomer dissociation,while fine grinding is easy to produce mud,gypsum,talc content is higher,which will bring certain difficulty to ore separation.
    Mineralogy Research of a Lead-zinc Polymetallic Ore in Dajianshan of Guangdong
    SHI Gui-Ming, ZHOU Yi-Chao, LIU Qin, LI Tao, TANG Shi-Yu
    2018, 47(2):  98-102. 
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    There is a lead-zinc polymetallic ore contained 1.10% lead,4.95% zinc,23.4 g/t silver,iron grade is only 10.79% and sulfur grade is 7.3%,in which lead,zinc and silver have higher utilization value.In order to provide technique basis for beneficiation process of the ore,mineralogy research on the representative ore in the area were conducted.Results showed that:①The mainly metallic minerals in ore are galena,marmatite,sphalerite,pyrite,pyrrhotite,chalcopyrite and marcasite,silver scattered in galena,sphalerite and other sulfide minerals which have not formed independent silver minerals.②Sphalerite,galena and pyrite are dense massive distribution,pyrite and sphalerite are disseminated distribution.Pyrrhotite,pyrite,sphalerite and galena in form of irregular lumpy which are irregular specular distribution with gangue.The veins of galena,sphalerite and gangue are incised into pyrite,quartz and sericite.Pyrite formed as self-shaped crystal and disseminated distribution,and incised by sphalerite and galena.③The dissemination sizes of galena,marmatite and sphalerite are embedded with extremely unequal size and the dissemination size of galena are more dispersed than marmatite and sphalerite.④The liberation degree of galena is relatively worse,liberation degree is only 90.38% in -0.076 mm size,and has not completely liberated in -0.045 mm size.The liberation degree of marmatite and sphalerite is higher than galena,liberation degree is 92.91% in -0.076 mm size.
    Mineral Processing Transform of Treating Beishan Area Ore in Nanfen Plant
    ZHAO Tie-Lin
    2018, 47(2):  103-106. 
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    With Nafen open-pit mine mining gradually to the deep,Beishan Mining Area drawing ratio increased year by year,while still running via original single magnetic separation process,it is difficult to meet the requirements of the concentrate quality and yield,therefore,on the basis of analysis of Beishan Mining Area properties,ore dressing process modification was conducted. The results show that the Beishan Mining Area iron ore crystalline grain is fine,belongs to refractory iron ore; the original two grinding process transform to three grinding process,that is oversize products of fine sieve and magnetic column tailings mixed and enduing third stage grinding and separation process. Problem of large capacity for two grinding was solved,iron ore liberation degree was increased and easy to be separated,milling capacity and concentrate index was increased to original process,and can create more profits by 13.456 million ￥ a year,the economic benefit is remarkable.
    Transportation Technology by Diaphragm Pump in Shuichang Iron Mine
    LI Gang
    2018, 47(2):  107-111. 
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    The old tailings transportation system of Shuichang Iron Mine is complex and high energy consumption,in order to induce the production cost,the transformation of tailings transportation by diaphragm pump was carried out.This new process with tailings separation by cylindrical screen to produce building sands,and the other tailings thickened by deep cone thickener,then as the feedings to diaphragm pump was based on the requirements of feed medium,investigation and analysis of feeding process of diaphragm pump in many domestic mines.It also combined field equipment and production practice in Shuichang Iron Mine.After implementation,particles with size +0.833 mm were only 0.61% in the tailings slurry feeding of the diaphragm pump,and almost all the coarse particles with size above 1 mm were eliminated.Thus qualified building sands with productivity 8.28%,modulus 2.5 and mud content less than 2.5% were produced.The reformed deep cone thickener realized stable and uniform feeding for the diaphragm pump.The new technology realizes the efficient utilization of tailing resources,opens up a new economic growth point for the mining enterprises,and meets the needs of safe and stable operation of the diaphragm pump.
    S Isotope Characteristics and Prospecting Prediction of Kaladaban Pb-Zn Deposit in Ruoqiang County,Xinjiang
    WU Bin, Fan-Xian-Ke, WANG Ai-Guo, YE Xian-Tao, BAO Xiao-Ming, NI Kang
    2018, 47(2):  112-120. 
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    Kaladaban Pb-Zn deposit is located in the Kaladawan Area,which lies in the east part of Altyn Mountains in Xinjiang,the ore-bodies in the mining area are mainly hosted in the second and third lithology members of Late Cambrian Lapeiquan Formation.Combing with the field geological investigation results of the mining area,the sulphide samples related to mineralization are selected to carry out S isotope tracer study,the results show that w(34S) value of metallogenic fluid is mainly from 2.6‰ to 7.7‰,especially for lowering than 2.6‰,the S isotopic composition of sulphide samples is characterized by deep source magmatic sulfur.The mineralized alteration characteristics,ore-controlling factor and characteristics of metallogenic geological bodies of the mining area are studied,combing with the S isotopic characteristics,the comprehensive analysis results indicated that the genesis type of Kaladaban Pb-Zn deposit is the medium-low temperature hydrothermal one that is related to intermediate-acid magmatic intrusion and controlled by structural fracture belts.Based on the above discussion results,the prospecting model of Kaladaban Pb-Zn deposit is established,the model can be described that the magma is invaded along the Kaladaban fault belt and its branch tectonic system,in the magmatic emplacement and its fluid release phase,the ore-bearing fracture system is developed,the branch faults is belongs to ones developed in the metallogenic period,the mineralization types is inter breccia filling type and fracture filling type developed in the fissure belts in the upper plate of breccia belt.Under the guiding of the prospecting model,some related prospecting prediction work and engineering verification works are conducted,about five main concealed ore-bodies are controlled in the mining area or its peripheral area,considerable Pb+Zn resources are obtained,which can provide some reliable reference for the further prospecting work in the mining area.
    Prospecting Potential of Rare Metal and 1∶50 000 Stream Sediment Geochemical Characteristics in Jiajika Area in Sichuan Province
    XU Yun-Feng, WANG Xian-Feng, HU Chao-Yun, QIN Yu-Long, ZHOU Xue-Mei
    2018, 47(2):  121-130. 
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    With the oil shortage and environmental pollution are becoming increasingly serious,the rapid development of new energy vehicles makes the demand for lithium battery materials continue to increase over the past 10 years.1∶50 000 stream sediment survey method is adopted so as to seek the prospecting breakthrough of the spodumene ore in Jiajika Area in Sichuan Province.The test data is studied by cluster analysis and R-type factor analysis,and the element combination characteristics is discussed in detail.The study results show that among the 22 elements in the study area,the major ore-forming elements can be roughly divided into three groups,that is Li-Be-Nb,Ag-Pb-Zn and Au-As-Cu,the enrichment regularity of the rare metal elements of Li,Be and Nb is significant,and the overlapping features of the distribution area of the relative elements is also significant.Trough the analysis of the composite anomaly characteristics,the anomaly thresholds of the elements are determined,the 8 composite anomaly areas (named as AS-1#,AS-2#,AS-3#,AS-4#,AS-5#,AS-6#,AS-7#,AS-8#) are delineated respectively in the study area.The major anomalies are interpreated,the metallogenic geological conditions are discussed,the mineral inspection and engineering verification are conducted,the results show that Reyika and Jiajika composite anomaly are considered to be prospective areas.11 776.5 t resources reserves of lithium oxide are calculated in the R5 lithium ore pegmatite veins newly found in 1# (Reyika) prospective area,which reached to the medium deposit level;50 790.3 t resource reserves of lithium oxide (334) and 2 770.38 t resource reserves of beryllium oxide (334) are calculated in the JN3 lithium ore pegmatite veins newly discovered in 6# (Jiajika) prospective area,which are both reached to the medium deposit level.The above study results further show that the 1∶50 000 stream sediment survey method can provide some reliable information for the prospecting work of rare metals in Jiajika Area.
    Design and Optimization of the Hydraulic and Pneumatic System for Explosion-proof Suction Sewage Vehicle in Coal Mine
    CHEN Yong-Feng, GUO Pei-Yan
    2018, 47(2):  131-134. 
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    On the basis of briefly introducing the purpose and structure of the explosion-proof suction sewage truck in coal mine,introduces the working principle of pneumatic system about pollution emission and the hydraulic system about braking,steering,the control pollution circuit in detail.For the problem of snub too sensitive and large braking force in use of the vehicle,put forward the variable-slope output is realized by using double spring valve core movement characteristics of structure.Practice shows that the new hydraulic and pneumatic system can well satisfy the using demand of the coal mine for suction sewage vehicle,at the same time also can provide reference for the design of the similar vehicles.
    Strength Analysis on Boom of the Load-Haul-Dump Vehicles(LHD) Working Mechanism Based on the Influence of Welded Seam
    LU Li-Qun, YIN Yong-Fang, SHI Lei-Lei, TANG Yu-Long, XU Qing-Bin
    2018, 47(2):  135-140. 
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    The welded seam structures of the LHD boom has a strong impact on its performance and intensity,the finite element analysis was made to analyze and study different structures of welded seam of boom between side plate and beam,and the general rules of the impact of each factor on the welded seam strength was obtained.Then the welded seam structure with more reasonable fatigue resistance performance was proposed.It is put forward that side plate Angle of 40°,welded seam strengthening height less than 7 mm,and the welded seam structures with concave welding surface can efficiently meet the strength demand of the LHD working mechanism.
    Research and Development of Dynamic Simulation System for Mining Method Based on Unity3D
    LIANG Rui-Yu, XU Shuai, SHEN Qing-Yang, AN Long
    2018, 47(2):  141-145. 
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    The research on interactive simulation system of mining engineering is widely regarded by domestic and foreign mining scholars.In order to solve the dynamic simulation requirements of mining methods,the framework and function requirements of dynamic interactive simulation of mining methods are studied,the modeling technology is proposed,called Two-Dimensional Curve Extrudes Solid,which provides model support for dynamic simulation of mining method; Based on the renderer rewrite and other visualization algorithms,the road tunneling,borehole drilling and blasting process are dynamically visualized; The coordinate transformation algorithm is used to achieve the rotation,drag,translation and fixed perspective conversion and other user interaction.Based on 3dMax and Unity3D software,the dynamic simulation system is realized based on VCR mining method,and the performance of the simulation system is improved through the selection of the collision component selection and code optimization,which reduces the burden of the computer and improves the simulation effect and speed.Finally,the system provides a reliable reference for the interactive simulation system of mining industry.
    Study of LHD FOPS Based on the Explicit Finite Element
    WEI Guang-Juan, MA Hua-Dong, LU Zhen
    2018, 47(2):  146-149. 
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    In order to research the impact resistance of LHD FOPS,the method of explicit finite element was applied to simulate the impact response of LHD FOPS to a drop hammer.Taking a LHD as a case,the finite element model of FOPS and the drop hammer was established,and the boundary conditions and loads of the model were determined.Then,the relationship of energy conversion,the impact deformation and the impact stress distribution when the FOPS was impacted by the hammer were analyzed.The simulation results show that the impact resistance of LHD FOPS meets requirement of the standard of ISO 3449.Then,some improvement suggestions for LHD FOPS were put forward.
    3D GIS of Mine Based on B/S Structure
    YAN Shun-Xi, WANG Xiao-Lei, GAN De-Qing
    2018, 47(2):  150-153. 
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    Digital mining technology is the important means for the mine enterprise to improve production management and development level of science and technology.The development and application of mine geographic information system GIS is one of the cores in digital mine construction.3D mine GIS based on B/S structure is adopted to build three-dimensional models of mine tunnel through 3DMAX.3D models are called by SuperMap iDesktop 8C software.3D scene services are released based on SuperMap iServer 8C.Finally the underground mine's 3D visual effect is realized.The system realizes various mining-related functions,such as query and retrieval of mine information,simulation,3D map operation,two-three-dimensional integration,security monitoring and equipment management and analysis etc..It provides auxiliary decision support for mine management and safe production.
    Simulation Analysis of Influencing Factors of Double-Geared Roller Crusher Crushing Efficiency Based on EDEM
    ZHANG Rui-Xin, LIU Yu, ZHENG Qun-Fei, SUN Jian-Dong, WU Hai-Long, LIU Wen-Wen
    2018, 47(2):  154-159. 
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    Crushing efficiency simulation study on MMD1000 series Double-Geared Roller Crusher was conducted by discrete element software EDEM.Effects of material properties,material particle size distribution and gear roller speed on crushing efficiency were investigated.Results show that,increase of material bulk ratio will reduce crushing efficiency of crusher.Material hardness variation will bring about the difference of material size after crushing,that is,the harder is the material,the breaking number of Bonding bonds is smaller and the crushing efficiency of the crusher is lower；Properly increasing gear roller speed of Double-Geared Roller Crusher could increase crushing efficiency of the crusher in a certain extent.Meanwhile,compared with dealing with the hard rock material,the efficiency of the Double-Geared Roller Crusher dealing with-soft rock material is much higher than dealing with hard rock material.Change of the gear roller speed will also cause granularity difference of the material after crushing:low speed of the gear roller will make the particle size of the crusher broken to distribute more evenly and the forced discharge large blocks less.While,high gear speed can easily forced bulk materials discharged,distribution of material size is uneven.Test results can provide reference for production efficiency increase of Double-Geard Raller Crusher as well as model selection.
    Influence of Self-Aerated Flotation Design Parameter on Hydrodynamics Performance of Flotation Cell
    LIU Cheng-Shuai, CHEN Dong, CHEN Fei-Fei, ZHANG Ming
    2018, 47(2):  160-163. 
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    In order to investigate the influence of design parameters of self-aeration flotation cell on flotation behavior,a 0.2 m3 self-aerated flotation cell was designed and an experiment system was also set up.Impacts of rotor speeds,submergence depths and engagement depths on the performance parameters such as suction capacity and power consumption are investigated under water test.It is indicated that the suction capacity improved with the rotor speed rising and the increasing trend is decreased.The power consumption also increased with the increasing of the rotor speeds.With the increasing of submergence depth,the suction capacity decreased and the power consumption increased.The engagement depth has little effect on suction capacity.With the increasing of the engagement depth under low rotor speeds,the power consumption has little variations.But when the rotor speed is bigger than 556 r/min,power consumption would slowly decrease.Test results can provide reference for parameter design of self-aerated flotation cell.
    Research Advance of Soil Amelioration Materials in Opencast Mines
    RONG Ying, HU Zhen-Qi, DU Yu-Xi, YANG Kun, ZHAO Hui-Shun
    2018, 47(2):  164-171. 
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    Soil substrate amelioration is the key content in implementing land reclamation and ecological rehabilitation in opencast mines.How to take advantage of natural resources to improve soil substrate has become a hot issue of the present research.Soil substrate amelioration materials were classified to three types：topsoil，topsoil substitutes，and remixed soil，based on material properties and sources.The utilization and shortage of different soil substrate amelioration materials in soil substrate of mining areas were discussed as well.Topsoil was the first choice of soil improvement，but only applicable to mining areas with abundant soil.The topsoil substitutes not only effectively solved the problem of topsoil shortage in the process of soil substrate amelioration，but also realized the resource utilization of the solid waste in opencast mines at the same time.But selection and preparation of topsoil substitutes should be based on a comprehensive investigation and analysis of the overlying rock and soil physical and chemical properties The nature of interaction between different soils is the premise and key for remixed soil，which appeared distinctive regional features.It was pointed out that the study of soil substrate amelioration materials suitable for different areas was not comprehensive enough，the comprehensive problem faced by opencast mines was less，requirements for the collection and preservation of topsoil and plant seed banks was not clear enough.On the basis of this，the focus of the future research and the urgent need to solve the problem in soil amelioration in opencast mines was put forward.It mainly includes selection the proper materials for soil amelioration according to the changeable circumstances，requirements clearly about gathering and storing topsoil and seed banks and reinforcement common problems of soil substrate amelioration.Furthermore，the development of different types of topsoil substitutes and remixed soil based on mine solid waste should be the focus of future research.
    Tolerance Evaluation of Advantage Plants to Heavy Metal in Liaoyang Gongchangling Iron Mine
    ZHANG Xiao-Wei, WANG 恩De, WU Yao
    2018, 47(2):  172-178. 
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    With the increase of mining capacity,heavy metal pollution in the area becoming a serious problem,threating healthy of people live in mining area.Investigated heavy metals pollution and local natural plant communities of Liaoyang Gongchangling Iron Mine Area.Soil and dominant plants had been sampled to determine the concentration of heavy metals Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr,Cd.To investigate the enrichment and transport capacity of dominant plants,concentration of heavy metals in aboveground parts and underground parts has been measured,respectively.According to the survey,there are several plants can be selected as the pioneer plants for heavy metal pollution remediation and ecological restoration in every mining area,i.e.Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv and Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers in Dalazi tailings pond,Chenopodium serotinum L.and Artemisia capillaries in Dumu Waste Dump,Bidens pilosa L.and Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers,in Cigou Village,Polygonum persicaria L.and Bidens pilosa L.in Su′an street,and Artemisia capillaries and Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers in Xiabu Waste Dump.
    Analysis of the Inner Dumping Slope Stability with Inclining Basement
    SONG Zi-Ling, LIU Wen-Fang, FAN Jun-Fu, YANG Xing-Chen, CAO Lan-Zhu
    2018, 47(2):  179-183. 
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    The influence of inclining basement on slope stability is studied,and the slope stability in different engineering position was analyzed when the project was moved eastward with step distance of 200 m at the elevation of 1 420 m and at different plates width of 60 m,70 m,and 80 m based on the rigid body limit equilibrium method under the background of the inner dumping slope affected by Luzigou anticline of Antaibao open-pit mine.The change regularity is concluded.According to the strength reduction theory,the slope of the inner dumping site with inclining basement is numerically simulated by using FLAC3D software,and the landslide model of the inner dumping slope with anticline basement is determined.It is showed that affected by the anticline basement,the slope stability of the inner dumping site of Antaibao open-pit mine present a nearly linear increasing trend with the increase of the width of the flat and a stable trend after first decreasing and then increasing with the project position moving eastward.The plate width which ensures that inner dumping site is safe in the anticlinal region is 80m at the elevation of 1 420 m.The landslide model of the slope of the inner dumping site is the cutting-bedding sliding with the failure surface based on the dangerous arc as the side interface and the bedding of the basement as the bottom interface,and the inclining basement caused by the anticline structure is the controlling factor of the slope stability.
    Slope Displacement Prediction Based on SVR Forecast Combination Model
    LIU Xiao-Sheng, YU Liang, FENG Teng-Fei
    2018, 47(2):  184-187. 
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    The shortages existing in prediction model of traditional support vector machine result in the low prediction precision of mine slope displacement.To solve this problem,a kind of combination model based on SVR was put forward and applied to the slope landslide displacement prediction in the mine.The prediction comparison of the combination model with the grey prediction model and the SVR prediction model,shows that the SVR forecast combination model has a more prediction accuracy than other models.
    Application of Slope Radar System in Slope Displacement Monitoring of Surface Mine
    WU Xing-Hui, QU Shi-Jie, MA Hai-Tao, WU Xiao-Dan, 蓝Yu
    2018, 47(2):  188-191. 
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    In view of the characteristics of rock mass fracturing,high sulfur content and easy weathering in open pit working face of Guangdong Province Dabaoshan Mining Co.,Ltd,the accurate data of slope displacement can not be achieved and a lot of manpower and resources are consumed as well by using the original slope displacement personnel monitoring system.In order to ensure the safe production and prevent the occurrence of landslide disaster,S-SAR synthetic aperture slope radar system was introduced by Guangdong Province Dabaoshan Mining Co.,Ltd.to realize all-weather real-time displacement monitoring on large-scale slope through the differential interference technology.The system improved the reliability of slope monitoring in Dabaoshan open pit mine,and reduced the probability of landslide disaster.The application of S-SAR system indicated that this monitoring method could not be influenced by the landforms and the conditions of sight and meteorology with less field work.
    Design and Research of Indirect Measurement Device for Air Volume of Mine Ventilation Shaft
    WU Hai-Liang, HUANG Shou-Yuan
    2018, 47(2):  192-194. 
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    A kind of indirect measurement device which is suitable for measuring the air volume in mine ventilation shaft is designed.The device is composed of pressure sensing and guiding components,pressure measuring assembly and ventilation on-line monitoring system.The pressure sensing and guiding components include outer ring,middle ring and inner ring.It is equipped with a static pressure sensing hole at the inner side of the outer ring,with a full pressure sensing hole at the bottom of the middle ring and inner ring; The pressure measuring component consists of a graduated hydrostatic pressure U-shaped tube,a full-pressure U-shaped tube,a static pressure sensor,a full-pressure sensor,a static pressure T-junction,and a full pressure T-junction.The air flow pressure is connected with the U-tube and the pressure sensor through the pressure guiding hose to determine the full pressure and static pressure,and then air volume in the mine ventilation shaft is calculated by the formula.This device has the advantages of simple structure,convenient operation,safety and reliability,accurate measurement data,and simple calculation of air volume etc.
    Copper Leaching Experiment from Waste Circuit Boards
    WANG Long, WANG Xu-Feng, WANG Hao, JIA Yu-Zhuo
    2018, 47(2):  195-199. 
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    The improper disposal of Waste Circuit Boards(PCBs) can not only cause serious environment pollution,endanger human health,but also give rise to grievous waste of resources.Ammonia-ammonium carbonate system was used to conduct leaching experiment to recover copper from PCBs.Results indicate that when the total ammonia concentration was 5 mol/L,n［NH3·H2O］∶n［(NH4)2CO3］ was 2,dosage of H2O2 was 20 g/L,liquid-solid ratio was 6 mL/g,leaching time was 2 h,leaching temperature was 55 ℃,copper leaching rate is 86.59%.While adding 500 W microwave heating effect during leaching process,copper leaching efficiency reach 92.54%,increased by 5.95 percentage points.It is indicated that microwave can promote leaching process and improve the copper leaching efficiency to some extent.Copper transferred from solid to liquid during the leaching process,which result in a great deal of micro holes and cracks produced on the surface and inside the samples.
    Experiment on Treatment of Copper Sulfide Ore Wastewater by Flocculation-Ozone Oxidation Method
    XIA Yan-Yuan, FANG Xi-Hui, ZENG Huai-Yuan
    2018, 47(2):  200-204. 
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    There is large amount of waste water discharged by concentrator，and the solid suspended substance，flotation reagent，heavy metal ions and other substances in the wastewater are high，and the cost of effluent treatment is high and the secondary pollution is easy to be caused when direct discharge，and the direct recycling affects the floatation index.Therefore，it is of great significance to realize recycle utilization of mineral processing wastewater to save limited water resources and reduce environmental pollution.The results of simulated wastewater flotation test showed that the Al3+ and Fe3+ in the waste water had a significant inhibitory effect on the flotation of sulfide copper，and the effect of Pb2+，Zn2+ and Fe2+ on the flotation of sulfide copper was relatively lower.With the concentration increase of butyl xanthate and Z-200，selectivity of collector on copper decreased.Coagulation，ozone oxidation technology on Anhui a copper ore dressing wastewater treatment results showed that the polyacrylamide for waste water of heavy metal ions and the settlement of suspended solids has significant effects; During the whole pH，ozone on butyl xanthate removal effect is remarkable，pH=8，ozone on Z-200 removal effect is good.Using flocculation sedimentation-ozonation process，the waste water is back to the flotation test，and its flotation index is litter lower than that of clear water flotation index，which is far better than the direct return flotation index of wastewater.Therefore，application of this process to treat total copper sulfide flotation tailings water，the bad component content can effectively reduce，and high efficiently utilize water resources.