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    15 October 2018, Volume 47 Issue 10
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    Development and Classification of Collaborative Mining Methods
    CHEN Qing-Fa
    2018, 47(10):  1-6. 
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    With the development of the “collaborative mining” concept， many synergistic mining methods have been invented by Chinese scholars， without any systematical summarization or collation yet. Based on the understanding of the “collaborative mining” concept， the mining method with cooperative, coordinated and synchronous attributes in stope structure or stope mining is defined as the collaborative mining method. The collaborative mining methods in China in the past 10 years （2009-2018） were reviewed according to the sorting time of the mining methods or patents application. Combined with the previous classification and revision research of mining methods， the classification of 19 typical collaborative mining methods was discussed， and a classification standard for collaborative mining methods was formulated. The research results can help scholars develop more collaborative mining methods， and promote the application of "collaborative mining" concept in China's mining industry.
    Combination of Bolting， Meshing and Shotcreting for Supporting of Broken Rock Mass Roadway
    SHI Lei, WANG Man, WANG Long, LIU Quan-Wei, HUANG Gun
    2018, 47(10):  7-12. 
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    The supporting effect of broken rock mass roadway is related to the mine safety and the supporting cost， which is the key focused by mining academia and industry. Taking an iron mine as engineering background， the deformation of the broken rock mass roadway was analyzed theoretically by using the theory of fracture zone and plastic zone， and the range of loose zone in the broken rock mass roadway was measured by ultrasonic instrument. Then， the combined support method of bolt， metal mesh and shotcrete is proposed based on the theory of loosening circle. A support of short anchor arching and long anchor suspending was formed with long anchor cable supplemented. The support effect under different row spacing of bolts was analyzed by FLAC3D numerical software. The results showed that the support spacing of 0.7 m ×0.8 m can reduce the plastic zone and deformation， and also effectively lower the self-stability time， with good support effect.
    Study on the Stabilization Technology of the Security Pillar of Auxiliary Shaft in Xilinhaote Fluorite Mine
    ZHANG Dong-Jie, REN Feng-Yu, CAO Jian-Li, LIU Peng
    2018, 47(10):  13-17. 
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    The shrinkage mining method is adopted in the Xilinhaote fluorite mine. With the long-term exposure of goaf and the continuous disturbance of underground mining， the security pillars have been damaged to a varying degree， resulting in serious threats to the safe operation of the auxiliary shaft. In order to release this threat， FLAC 3D numerical simulation method is used to simulate and analyze the changes of stress and displacement near the auxiliary shaft before and after the excavation and filling of the security pillars in the fourth and fifth middle section. This confirmed that the excavation threatened to the shaft and the filling was beneficial to the shaft protection. Based on this， the stabilization measures for security pillars with combination of the subsequent caving of the middle retained pillars and the synchronous waste rock filling to the surface collapse pits was put forward. In addition， a secondary backfilling was performed for the remained goafs in the filled pillars. The effective filling at the damaged zone of the security pillar can be realized. This may provide a powerful guarantee for the safe， green and efficient mining.
    Study on Stability Evaluation and Classification of Complex Goafs Group Based on Multiple Evaluation Methods
    ZHANG Rui, DENG Hong-Wei
    2018, 47(10):  18-23. 
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    Due to the non-standard early mining in a limestone mine with transition from open pit to underground mining， there formed a number of goafs in the mine， which seriously affected the safe production of the mine. In order to eliminate the potential danger of goafs， the spatial structure parameters of 12 goafs are obtained and the 3D numerical model of complicated mine goafs are established according to the detection results of 3D laser scanning. Then， the stability of complex goafs are evaluated by adopting the thickness-span ratio method，the simply supported beam model analysis method， the Mathews graphical method and the pillar safety factor method. The results show that the stability of goaf No. 3 and goaf No. 6 is relatively low， and the stability of other goafs is relatively high. The un-stability of goaf No. 3 is due to the large exposed area or span of the roof， and the un-stability of goaf No. 6 is due to the thin roof thickness of goaf.
    Numerical Simulation and Application of Medium-Deep Hole Blasting in Bayan Obo Iron Mine
    LI Ming-Jie, ZHANG Hong-Jun, QIN Peng-Yuan, WANG Jia-Hui, LI Jiang-Hua
    2018, 47(10):  24-30. 
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    Bayan Obo Iron Mine has now entered into deep mining. The mining technical conditions and engineering geological conditions of the deposit have changed a lot. Especially for large diameter medium-deep hole blasting，the original blasting parameters can not meet the requirements of current open-pit production. How to adjust and optimize blasting parameters and improve blasting quality is of great significance for reducing costs and increasing efficiency in mines. In order to adapt to the variable mining conditions，LS-DYNA finite element simulation software was used to simulate the blasting effects at different intervals between adjacent holes during the formation process of blasting funnel in the magnetite mining area and dolomite area of Bayan obo Iron Mine. Furthermore，the pressure range，stress and strain parameters of shock wave at different time and different position were discussed. Research showed that the hole distance of magnetite mining area ranges from 8 m to 9 m，but not longer than 9 m，and the hole distance of dolomite area is longer than 9 m. Combined with the simulation parameters of mediumdeep hole blasting，the blasting tests were carried out in the ore area，rock area and ore-rock mixed explosive areas of Bayan obo Iron Mine. After optimization，the block rate of blasting was decreased by 0.5 item/104 t，the full-bucket coefficient of excavator was increased by 4 percent points，the discharge time was enhanced by 3.5 s/ set，and the number of damaged shovels or bucket tips is lowered by 1 item.
    Optimization of Stope Span Parameters of One-step Mining with Consideration of Multi-factor
    DONG Long-Bin, WANG Shao-Quan, ZHANG Hua, ZHOU Yu, HE Xiang
    2018, 47(10):  31-35. 
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    Determination of reasonable stope structure parameter is one of the important measures to control the ground pressure and realize the safe and efficient mining of orebody. The merits and demerits of different stope structure parameters are determined by a number of indicators， but the trend of the indicators are usually not unified. In view of the practical production in Zhangzhuang Iron Mine， and through the numerical simulation of FLAC3D， the energy release rate， the yield rate and the tensile rate of the roof were obtained. And combining with the cemented filling rate， the AHP and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method were adopted to obtain the comprehensive evaluation index and to evaluate the merits and demerits of the stope structure parameters. And then the genetic algorithm was used to gain the optimal stope structure parameters， which provides the theoretical basis for selection of unequal-width stope structure parameters. The research results and technical methods can be applied to other large-scale deep metal mine with backfilling.
    Sensibility Analysis of Influence Factors for Surrounding Rock Stability of Deep-buried Tunnel
    GUO Bing-Bing, LIU Chang-Wu, LIU De-Feng
    2018, 47(10):  36-40. 
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    Five typical influence factors were selected， including diameter of tunnel， buried depth， strata inclination， thickness ratio of slate to sandstone and side pressure coefficient. By adopting the orthogonal tests， the influence rules of these different factors to surrounding rock stability were obtained by 3DEC numerical simulation software. The results showed that: side pressure coefficient was the most significant factor of affecting surrounding rock stability， as the strata inclination was the least； With the diameter of tunnel increasing， the maximum stress and maximum displacement of linear also increases. When the diameter of tunnel was more than 9 m， the influence on maximum displacement became larger； When buried depth was ranging from 500 m to 700 m， the influence of buried depth on maximum displacement and maximum stress was the largest； The displacement and stress of linear showed a decreasing trend with the ratio of slate to sandstone increasing；（4）When side pressure coefficient was at 1.0， the maximum stress and maximum displacement was the least. When side pressure coefficient was more than 1.5， the maximum stress and maximum displacement raised sharply with side pressure coefficient increasing.
    Numerical Simulation for Supporting Scheme of Soft Rock Roadway in Baoguo Iron Mine
    LIU Dong, SHAO An-Lin, JIN Chang-Yu, WANG Xu-Gang, JING Hong-Di, FAN Fu-Quan
    2018, 47(10):  41-45. 
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    The geological conditions of underground soft rock roadway in Baoguo Iron Mine is complicated with broken surrounding rock at the footwall， low compressive strength. It is easy to be broken and swelled when the roadway meets water， which seriously affects the mining and transportation of the mine. In order to reduce the deformation and failure of roadway surrounding rock in the underground mining process of Tiedanshan mining area， improve the stability of underground engineering and maintain the safe and efficient production of the mine， the deformation monitoring of + 35 m horizontal sublevel roadway was carried out， and the related numerical calculation was made by using FLAC3D software. The displacement and plastic zone of the surrounding rock roadway for transportation in the pillarless sublevel caving method with different supporting in Baoguo Iron Mine was analyzed. The results indicated that the strength and bearing capacity of soft rock roadway in this mine can be significantly improved and the failure trend of dynamic pressure at soft rock roadway can be effectively prevented by adopting the combined support means in the key weak and broken area.
    Design of Artificial False Bottom and Its Safety Analysis Based on ANSYS Numerical Simulation
    ZHOU Lei, Wang-Huan
    2018, 47(10):  46-51. 
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    In order to achieve the safe recovery of the top and bottom pillars in the Baixiangshan mining area， and to improve the effective recovery and utilization of resources， the artificial bottom construction process under different parameters in the Baixiangshan mining area are optimized through the mechanics analysis of thin plate mechanics model and Ansys finite element numerical simulation. The mechanical and displacement parameters of three different artificial substructures with different thickness of artificial substructures and different recovery rates are analyzed. The safety and stability of the 44 models is evaluated and analyzed， combining with the safety factor method. The results show that on the premise of guaranteeing the economic optimization of mining， a safe， feasible and economical construction technology of artificial false bottom is obtained， that is， 2.5 m thick artificial false bottom is constructed with 2.0 MPa filling material， and the safety of 50% top and bottom pillar recovery can be guaranteed by the “one- interval-one mining”. The research results can directly guide the engineering design and construction.
    Research on the Relationship between the Income of Open-pit Mining and the Risk of Slope at Manjiazhai Stope
    LIU Ji-Lin, FENG Guang-Hua, LIU Yun-Feng, YANG Zhong, YANG Chao
    2018, 47(10):  52-56. 
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    Based on the digital mine model of Manjiazhai stope， 3DMine software was adopted to optimize the open pit limit to get the mining boundary with different final slope angle. Then， the limit equilibrium analysis was used to analyze the stability of open pit boundary with different slope angles at Manjiazhai stope and to calculate the stability factor of slope. With comparison of the stability index of each program， the income of open-pit mining on the premise of ensuring slope safety can be maximized， so as to find out the balance between the open mining income and the risk of slope. This method may provide reference for the design of the open-pit boundary.
    Study of the Dynamic Response of the Newly-Built and Existing Tunnel Supporting Structure under the Blasting Load
    WANG Xiu-Li
    2018, 47(10):  57-62. 
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    The systematic study of the blasting impact is of great importance to the dynamic response of the newly-built and the existing tunnel supporting structure. Taking a new tunnel neighboring the existing tunnel as a case， the three-dimensional model about the effect of the blasting construction on the existing and newly-built tunnel supporting structure was established. Combined with the LS-DYNA explicit dynamic analysis procedure and the multi-material flow-solid coupling algorithm， numerical simulation on the blasting mechanism of newly-built tunnel was made with relative accuracy. Besides， the dynamic response rules of the primary supporting of the newly-built tunnel and the secondary lining of the existing tunnel under different surrounding rock blasting load were studied， thus obtaining the vibration velocity distribution rule and the displacement nephogram change of them under different working conditions. The results show that the dynamic response rules of the secondary linings of different surrounding rocks are very similar， and that the explosive shock wave firstly transfers to the blasting side wall of the secondary lining of the existing tunnel and the peak vibration speed value of the mass point in the secondary lining structure along the X direction is at the maximum and attenuates very fast. When there is a certain distance from the working face of tunnel， the peak velocity at the arch foot of newly-built tunnel exceeds to that at the vault， and the vibration velocity in different locations display as arch foot， vault and arch waist from high to low in order. The vibration along the Z direction in the initial support with 3 vibration directions of X， Y and Z is larger， that is， the centerline of the tunnel， and its attenuation is faster. After the explosive is detonated， vibration occurs from the working face to the tunnel entrance under the action of blasting shock wave at different positions of the initial support in the newly-built tunnel. Besides， in the same fracture surface， the vibration velocity in the positions of the vault and of the arch foot is bigger， which should be given more monitoring during the construction.
    Study on Magnetizing Roasting from Specularite and Its Magnetism Research on Roasted Products
    CUI Jin-Bing, CHEN Tie-Jun, HU Pei-Wei
    2018, 47(10):  63-69. 
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    The magnetic separation index of the roasted products from magnetizing roasted specularite in JISCO（Jiuquan Iron & Steel （Group） Co.， Ltd.）is relatively lower at present. In order to investigate the magnetic difference between the roasted products obtained by magnetizing roasting and the natural magnetite， the mass susceptibility of roasted products is taken as representation to conduct the magnetizing roasting test of specularite. The results show that when the roasting temperature is 800 ℃， the roasting time is 60 min and the amount of pulverized coal is 2%， the roasted products with iron grade 38.66% that the maximum mass susceptibility is 7.11×10-4 m3/kg can be obtained. At the same time， taking the natural magnetite as reference， the magnetic differences of roasted products and natural magnetite are discussed. The results show that the mass magnetization of roasted products is smaller than that of natural magnetite and the magnetism of roasted products is weaker under the same conditions， which is the reason for the lower index of magnetic concentrates in roasted products； the magnetic difference between the roasted products and natural magnetite decreases with the particle size decreases， and the porosity and impurities in the roasted products are the cause of the difference.
    Preliminary Study on Optimization of Gushan Micro-fine Hematite Mineral Processing Flowsheet
    LIU Jun, YANG Ren-Xin, WANG Ju, LU Hu
    2018, 47(10):  70-75. 
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    Gushan hematite has high hardness and micro-fine dissemination size， and low ore dressing technology index（48% of iron lump concentrate grade and 57% of iron powder concentrate grade）.In order to explore the way to improve the process index of Gushan ultrafine hematite ore dressing， the stage grinding-High Intensity Magnetic Separation（HIMS）-anion reverse flotation test was carried out in the laboratory. The results show that: at first stage grinding fineness of 85% passing 0.074 mm， via first stage magnetic separation （one roughing one scavenging， magnetic field intensity of roughing and scavenging is 477 kA/m and 637 kA/m， respectively）， the magnetic concentrate reground to 87% passing 0.030 mm， via second stage magnetic separation （one roughing one scavenging， magnetic field intensity of roughing and scavenging is 477 kA/m and 716 kA/m， respectively）， one roughing one scavenging anionic reverse flotation（（NaOH as pH adjusting agent， starch as inhibitor， lime as activator， RA-915 as collector）， the iron grade of flotation concentrate is 63.96%， which shows that it is feasible to use the stage grinding-stage HIMS-anion reverse flotation process to increase the iron concentrate to larger than 63%. The experimental results can provide references for the determination of reasonable beneficiation process of ultrafine hematite in Gushan.
    Industrial Test and Practice of ZCLA Separator for Wet Pre-concentration of Pre-Grinding Products in Hemushan Plant
    QIAN Shi-Hu, LU Hu, LI Ming-Jun, ZHANG Wei, ZHANG Gui-Can, YANG Song-Fu
    2018, 47(10):  76-79. 
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    AbstractThere are a large number of waste rock in magnetic iron ore （20～0 mm ） in Hemushan Magnetite of Masteel Group to grind， resulting in heavy load of grinding and subsequent system, increasing the operating cost of plan and the tailings pond reserve pressure, and affecting the upgrading of the final concentrate quality. In order to solve these problems， the ZCLA 950-2000 separator was used to carry out the wet pre-concentration and waste-disposal industrial test research, and the ZCLA wet pre-concentration system was reconstructed and the effect was tested according to the industrial test results. The ore with TFe grade of 34.06%was treated under the condition that the drum slope is 15°， rotate speed of drum is 11.3 r/min， the processing capacity is 150 t/h, and the pulp concentration is 47%，and the test indexes of discarding yield rate of 19.73% and TFe grade of tailings is 10.67% are obtained； the ore with TFe grade of 29.19%～37.64% is treated，and the discarding yield rate is 10.93%～29.72% and the MFe recovery rate of higher than 98% indicators. Production practice shows that the ZCLA wet pre-selection and its supporting system run smoothly, stably and reliably. ZCLA950-2000 separator has strong adaptability to the fluctuation of iron grade of ore on-site， and has more efficient throwing for low-grade and high waste rock mixed rate ore. The waste capacity can effectively controlled the loss of magnetic iron minerals. It is the ideal equipment for pre-concentration before grinding in Hemushan Plant. The operation of the process system improves the grade of grinding， reduces the processing capacity of grinding and subsequent systems. The tailing pond reserve pressure reduces the production cost of the concentraror and increases the profit growth point of the enterprise.
    Study on the Flotation Process of a High Sulfur Pb-Zn Ore in Deep Ore Body from Inner Mongolia
    CHEN Jing-Yu, KANG Wei-Gang, XIE Jian-Ping, NIU Ying-Jie, CHEN Zhi-Guo
    2018, 47(10):  80-85. 
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    The content of pyrite in a lead-zinc ore from Inner Mongolia increased with the deep of mining, of which the sulfur was close to 30%. There for, on the basis of technological mineralogy study of newly mining raw ore, the processing test was carried out, to provide technical basis for determination of the rational processing flow in the processing plant. The results showed that the major elements of the ore are lead, zinc and sulfur with 7.56% Pb and 23.35% Zn. Lead and zinc are mainly in form of sulfide ores and the main useful minerals such as galena, sphalerite and pyrite are coarse-grained. With the grinding fineness of -0.074 mm 70%, using ZnSO4 as inhibitor, ethyl xanthate as collector and 730A as frother, iso-flotation of lead-zinc-sulfur by one roughing, two scavenging process. Zinc concentrate 1 was got from iso-flotation tailings using CuSO4 as activator, butyl xanthate as collector and 730A as frother via one roughing, one cleaning and one scavenging process. Lead concentrate was got from iso-flotation concentrate using CaO as inhibitor, sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate as collector via one roughing three cleaning and one scavenging process. Zinc concentrate 2 and sulfur concentrate were got from lead tailings using CuSO4 as activator, butyl xanthate as collector and 730A as frother with one roughing, one cleaning and one scavenging process. Zinc concentrate 1 and zinc concentrate 2 were mixed as zinc concentrate. Finally lead concentrate with 59.26% Pb and recovery of 88.73%; zinc concentrate 52.21% Zn and recovery of 94.95%; sulfur concentrate with 48.71% S and recovery of 48.93% was finally obtained. The test results can provide technical basis for exploring and utilization of the high sulfur Pb-Zn ore in the deep ore body.
    Study on the Hydrophobic Agglomeration and Floc-flotation of Molybdenite Fines
    YANG Bing-Qiao, HUANG Peng-Liang, ZHANG Han-Quan, JIA Fei-Fei
    2018, 47(10):  86-91. 
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    In order to resolve the problem that molybdenite is difficult to be recovered through conventional flotation，The growth， breakage and restructuring of the agglomerates was investigated thoroughly through characterization of agglomerate size and fractal dimension，and based on hydrophobic agglomeration， the flotation of agglomerated molybdenite fines was conducted. The results shown that the growth of agglomerate depended on the stirring speed， the higher the stirring speed， the stronger was the stirring strength， more rapidly the agglomerate grown. In addition， kerosene dosage could increase the agglomerate strength remarkably to withstand high stress shear， the higher the kerosene dosage， stronger stirring strength and less time was need to cause the breakage and restructuring of the agglomerates. The average fractal dimension of agglomerates was strongly affected by stirring speed and kerosene dosage， the higher the stirring speed， the larger the kerosene dosage， more regular the agglomerates. Compared to conventional flotation， floc-flotation increased the floatability of molybdenite substantially. The floc-flotation of molybdenite fines closely correlated with the strength of mechanical conditioning in hydrophobic agglomeration， the higher the stirring speed， less time was needed to achieve the maximum floatability. Kerosene could increase the floatability of agglomerate significantly.
    Study on Extracting Vanadium by Roasting with Composite Additive-Combined Leaching from an Illite-Type Vanadium-containing Stone Coal
    ZHANG Cheng-Qiang, SUN Chuan-Yao, YIN Wan-Zhong, JING Gao-Gui
    2018, 47(10):  92-97. 
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    The vanadium in a certain illite stone coal in Shaanxi is mainly distributed in illite and titanite in the form of isomorphism， and its distribution rate is 90.32% and 5.37%， respectively. In order to provide basis for the use of vanadium in the coal mine， the experiment of composite additive calcination-water leaching-acid leaching process was carried out. Results showed that under the conditions of composite additive NaCl+K2SO4 dosage of 4%+16%， roasting temperature of 800 ℃， roasting time of 60 min， roasted products with water leaching temperature 90℃， liquid-solid ratio of 4 mL/g， water leaching duration 120 min， water leaching residual with sulfuric acid concentration of 4%， liquid-solid ratio of 4 mL/g， acid leaching temperature of 80 ℃， acid leaching duration 60 min， the water and acid leaching rates of vanadium is 85.06% and 7.94% respectively， the total vanadium leaching rate was up to 93.00%. The experimental results can provide references for the development and utilization of the vanadium bearing stone coal.
    Research Status of Zinc Oxide Ore Flotation
    LI Xiang, LIN Shi-Hong, CHEN Jia, JIANG Cheng-Yu, LIU Tian-Long, DENG Rong-Dong
    2018, 47(10):  98-103. 
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    The zinc oxide mineral resources are abundant in China. But the ore is complex in nature， containing a large amount of slime and many soluble salts， beneficiation results is unsatisfactory. In order to comprehensively understand the research progress of mineral processing workers in the field of zinc oxide ore processing in recent years, a comprehensive review was made from the aspects of zinc oxide ore flotation technology, flotation reagent, the influence of metal ions and strengthening sulfurization.It was pointed out that the main problems affecting the flotation of zinc oxide ore in China are the slime and inevitable ions. The development of new agents that are insensitive to slime and inevitably ion is still the main research and development way to improve the separation index of zinc oxide ore. In addition， the development of high-intensity pulp mixing equipment， new high-efficiency desliming equipment and large-scale multi-flow static flotation equipment suitable for flotation of fine-grained minerals also requires sufficient attention. The combined process of gravity-flotation separation and beneficiation-metallurgy is important method for complex zinc oxide ore processing. Conducting basic theoretical research on zinc oxide ore by means of interdisciplinary and advanced analytical testing， revealing the characteristics of dispersed and aggregated slime， and exploring the law of ion migration， which will become the study of zinc oxide flotation hot spots and trends.
    Present Situation and Research Progress of Galena Depressant in Copper-Lead Sulfide Ores Separation
    KANG Bo-Wen, XIE Xian, CHEN Guo-Ju, FAN Pei-Qiang, SONG Qiang
    2018, 47(10):  104-110. 
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    The natural floatability of chalcopyrite and galena is close， and at the same time， some copper ions dissolved from copper minerals during flotation will activate the lead ore. Therefore， the separation of copper sulfide minerals and lead sulfide minerals has always been a difficult point in mineral processing. With the increasing demand for non-metallic metals such as copper and lead， the research and development of high-efficiency separation reagents for copper sulfide and lead sulfide minerals is imminent， and the research work of galena depressants has received more and more attention. The lead depressants commonly used in the separation of copper and lead are introduced from the aspects of inorganic depressants and organic depressants. Commonly used inorganic depressants are mainly sulfite(sulfur dioxide， sulphurous acid)， dichromate， but due to the toxicity of dichromate and environmental pollution， dichromate are gradually being replaced by less chromium and no-chromium processes. Organic depressants depress galena mainly by complexing with activated ions in the slurry， adsorbed on the mineral surface makes the mineral hydrophilic， competing with the collector to adsorb， reducing the adsorption of the collector mineral surface， etc. Organic depressants have been promoted and applied due to low toxicity， high efficiency and low environmental pollution. It is pointed out that the future research direction of copper sulfide lead mineral separation should be strengthen the research on depressants depressing mechanism， reduce the use of dichromate， develop and promote the new， high-efficiency and green depressants.
    Study on the Process Mineralogy of an Iron Ore in Mongolia
    MOU Kai
    2018, 47(10):  110-114. 
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    China's domestic iron ore resources cannot meet the market demand， and a large amount of iron ore is imported from Mongolia. In order to realize the rational development and utilization of this ore， comprehensive detection methods such as chemical analysis， phase analysis， XRD analysis and scanning electron microscopy are adopted to conduct systematic technological mineralogy research on this ore. The results show that iron grade is 45.53%， copper can be recovered synthetically and the content of impurity sulphur is high. The main iron-bearing ore is magnetite and a small amount of hematite. The other metallic minerals are mainly pyrite， and small amount of chalcopyrite， a small amount of covellite， digenite， chalcopyrite， and rutile， etc. The ore structure is mainly block structure， disseminated structure， followed by reticulate and striate structure. The ore is mainly composed of semi-automorphic granular texture， metasomatic residual texture， pseudomorphic texture， crushing texture and idiomorphic crystal texture. The magnetite is mostly semi-automorphic granular grain and its aggregation are distributed in the gangue mineral. In the aggregate， the gangue mineral is granular or fine-veined along the gap of magnetite grains. The destributed grain size of magnetite is mainly medium grain， and the distribution rate of coarse grain， medium grain and fine grain is 32.43%， 39.63% and 27.03%， respectively. The results of monomer dissociation statistics of magnetite under different grinding fineness show that most magnetite is easy to be liberatured and magnetite is easy to be recycled. According to the properties of ore， the technology process of coarse grinding， magnetic separation and tailings casting， regrinding and then removing sulfur， silicon and other impurities is proposed. The test results can provide technical basis for rational exploitation and utilization of the ore.
    Study on Preparation of Doping Iron Phosphate with Ti4+ in Mild Conditions
    LUO Yan-Hua, PEI Xiao-Dong, HE Nan
    2018, 47(10):  115-120. 
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    In order to improve the electrical performance of LiFePO4， lead the LiFePO4 doping process to the synthesis stage of iron phosphate， That’s adding Ti4+ to preparation the doped Ti4+ iron phosphate during the preparation process of iron phosphate. The results show that Ti4+ can replace Fe3+ into the iron phosphate lattice； The increase of Ti4+ will affects the crystal surface spacing of iron phosphate， and makes the （002） crystal plane spacing significantly increase， when the Ti4+ content reaches 0.5%， it has the greatest effect on the crystal surface spacing； The increase of crystal spacing is beneficial to the deem-bedding of Li+ and the electrical properties of lithium iron phosphate are enhanced. Compared with undoped iron phosphate， when iron phosphate doped with Ti4+， it produces a clear crystalline transition heat absorption peak at 600 ℃； The specific surface area of iron phosphate doped with Ti4+ is significantly higher than that of undoped iron phosphate， which indicates that the chemical activity of iron phosphate is improved when doped with Ti4+， which is beneficial to improving the electrical performance of lithium iron phosphate； Lithium iron phosphate prepared from iron phosphate doped with Ti4+ content 0.5%， the highest discharge capacity of LiFePO4 is 160 mAh/g when capacitance is 0.2 C.
    Geological Characteristics and Prospecting Prediction of Boniangou Gold Deposit in Muli County，Sichuan Province
    MA Peng-Cheng, WANG Fu-Dong, ZHU Yu-Yin, WEI Hong-Yang, GAO Xian-Jun, LI Hu-Jie
    2018, 47(10):  121-129. 
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    Boniangou Gold Deposit is located in Garzi-Litang suture zone，which is one of the important Au-polymetallic metallogenic belts in Sanjiang region.In order to seek the prospecting breakthrough of the mining area and speed up the progress of the prospecting work of Boniangou mining area，the regional metallogenic geological background，geological characteristics of the deposit，geological characteristics of the orebodies and ore characteristics are analyzed in detail based on the geological working results of Boniangou mining area.The study results show that:①the gold mineralization type of the mining area belongs to the fracture zone alteration rock type， the ore-controling factor is mainly for a group of NNW-trending fault，the copper-molybdenum mineralization belongs to porphyry copper molybdenum ore type，the corresponding ore-controlling factor is monzonite diorite porphyry；②the metallic minerals are mainly for pyrite，native gold，molybdenite，chalcopyrite and limonite，the gangue minerals are mainly for quartz，feldspar，sericite and chlorite，the gangue mineral content in different wall rock alteration belt and orebodies have bigger difference；③the results of geochemical exploration show that there are anomalies of Au， Ag， Zn， Pb and other elements in Geshu ore section，where Au has an extreme value of 214 ×10-9 and the number of concentration center is 7；Cangjin ore section have the anomalies of Pb， Zn， Cu， As and other elements，and the anomalies have better associativity with each other，the prospecting potential of the above two ore sections are both good.Based on the above analysis results，the favorable prospecting indicators of the mining area are summarized，besides that，the further study results indicated that except for the structural alteration rock type gold deposit，the porphyry deposit also has prospecting potential in Garzi-Litang suture zone.
    Prospecting Direction and Metallogenic Model for Guanyinshan Copper Deposit in Dongchuan District， Yunnan Province
    YANG Jin-Fu, MO Xiang-Yun, LI Xing, ZHANG Rong-Wei
    2018, 47(10):  130-137. 
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    Guanyinshan Copper Deposit is a sedimentary-hydrothermal reformation deposit of “five-story” metallogenic series in Dongchuan area，which is characterized by the spatial mineralization structure （the upper part of the deposit is copper orebody and the lower part the deposit is iron orebody）.The deposit is located at the eastern edge of Huili-Dongchuan Aulacogen of Kunyang Rift.Through the study of geological characteristics and geochemical characteristics of Guanyinshan Copper Deposit，the characteristics of ore-hosting rock and orebodies and the geological haracteristics of ores，alterations and mineralizations are analyzed.The resutls show that:①the deposit is mainly hosted in the sericite-slate and siliceous-slate of Middle Formation Dayingpan Group，and the orebodies are occurred as layered，stratiform-like and lenticular；②the slate of Dayingpan Group presents the characterizes of “low potassium and high sodium”，which δ34S value changes from 4.1‰ to 17.1‰，it is further show that the sulfur is mainly from magmatism and subordinately from seawater sulfur；③through the test of fluid inclusion in quartz，it is show that the two ore-forming temperature ranges are 182~238 ℃ and 242~392 ℃，the corresponding salinity （w（NaCl）） are 5.7%~13.2% and 18.2%~25.4%，according to the above test results，the metallogenic stage of the deposit can be divided into middle-low temperature and middle-salinity sedimentary metallogenic stage and middle-high temperature and low-high salinity metamorphic-reformation-enrichment metallogenic stage；④he deposit is strictly controlled by strata and tectonic，the sedimentary copper deposit formed in the early stage is reformed and enriched by the later metamirphic hydrothermal/tectonic thdrothermal along the structural fissures and structural planes，the genesis can be attributed to sedimentary-metamorphic-transformation type copper deposit.Based on the above analysis results，the Caiyuanzi-Guanyinshan，Maolu-Maoqiaoshan and Xiaoyingpan-Guodidang areas are delineated as the significant prospecting target areas in the mining area，the prospecting potential of the three prospecting target areas is large，they are worth conducting further prospecting work.
    Sulfur Isotopic Composition of Bainiuchang Ag-polymetallic Deposit and the Prospecting Prospective for Polymetallic Deposit of Southern Yunan Province
    LI Kai-Wen, ZHANG Kai, GUO Jun-Gong, LIU Kun, FANG Huai-Bin, ZHANG Qian
    2018, 47(10):  138-145. 
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    Bainiuchang Ag-polymetallic Deposit is located at the central polymetallic ore belt of Southeast Yunnan， the associated mineral resources reserves of Ag，Sn，Pb and Zn are of the deposit are large or super large scale，and it is accompanied by abundant disperse elements.Due to the genesis of the deposit is controversial，further exploration and development are restricted.According to the S isotopic compositoin of Bainiuchang Deposit is systematically studied based on the latest s isotopic data of the ore minerals of the new mining section of the deposit.The study results show that the variation scope of the δ34S values of ore minerals of Bainiuchang Deposit is small，δ34S value for pyrite is from 2.5‰ to 4.0‰，δ34S value of pyrrhotite is from 2.7‰ to 3.9‰， δ34S value of sphalerite is from 2.9‰ to 4.3‰， δ34S value of galena is from 1.5‰ to 2.3‰， δ34S value of chalcopyrite is from 3.4‰ to 4.3‰.By the comparision of the δ34S values of the sulfides from ore-hosting strata and granite，it is show that the sulfur in Bainiuchang Deposit is mainly derived from magmatism，it belongs to magmatic hydrothermal deposit.Based on recently geological study results of Gejiu and Dulong polymetllic deposits， it is show that granitoids of Late Cretaceous and its periphery area are the favorable locations for the prospecting areas for polymetllic deposit in Southern Yunnan Province.
    Geological Characteristics and Three-dimensional Metallogenic Prognosis of Ashele Copper Deposit in Xinjiang
    BAI Xu-Hui
    2018, 47(10):  146-150. 
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    In order to clarify the prospecting prospect of Ashele Copper Deposit in Xinjiang，the regional metallogenic geological background，geological characteristics of the mining area and deposit are analyzed in detail.Based on three-dimensional geological prospecting prognosis theory，the three-dimensional geological modeling technique and Surpac software are adopted，three-dimensional numerical model of mineralized areas is established.According to the projection contour maps of plane section （XY），longitudinal section （XZ） and transverse section （YZ） of Cu grade of the block model，the copper mineralization spatial distribution regularities is studied.The results show that the copper mineralization distributed with SSE-NNW direction，the continuity of copper mineralization with high grade is inferior to the continuity of copper mineralization with low grade，the copper mineralization with high grade is distributed with irregular and lenticular shapes；copper mineralization in the mining area is mainly distributed at the elevation of 760~840 m，the copper mineralization with high grade is characterized by gentle slope distribution；copper mineralization of the mining area has the characteristics of extending to the deep from north to south.Based on the above analysis results，three prospecting targe areas are delineated，through the 1∶20 000 soil geochemical survey，the 118° trending copper anomaly belt with the length of 3.15 km and the width of 300~400 m is found，besides that，the anomaly belt is accompanied with Sb，As，Au and Ag anomalies，the above anomalies are distributed with moniliform shape，which is basically consistent to the prospecting target areas delineated in this paper.
    Function Analysis of Complete Stress-strain Curve and Rheological Tests of a Triaxial Apparatus for Hard Rock
    TIAN Jun, LU Gao-Ming, LI Yuan-Hui, SHI Lei, REN Jin-Lai
    2018, 47(10):  151-156. 
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    After the underground metal mine is transited into the deep mining， the engineering disasters such as rock burst and creep of the hard rock are arising， The experiment is a fundamental approach to discover its failure mechanism. Due to the characterization of high strength and elastic-brittle in hard rock， it is difficult to investigate the post-failure behavior by using the conventional rock triaxial apparatus； Furthermore， a high accuracy transducer is needed for slight deformation and creep measurement. In view of this， combining with the development experience in the international advanced rock triaxial servo system， the feasible scheme and strengthening index of the system are put forward to meet the requirements of the hard rock failure process tests and the rheological test. Rockman 207 rock triaxial apparatus has been cooperatively developed with Changchun Chaoyang Test Instrument Co.， Ltd. With features of high stiffness， rapid servo response speed and high precision in measuring volume change， the system can meet the needs of short-term full failure process test and long-term rheological test for the mechanical tests of hard rock viewed from the verification and preliminary test results.
    The Landslide Mechanism and Treatment Scheme of Southwest Sope in Zhujiabaobao Mine
    JING Xiao-Ming, YONG 南
    2018, 47(10):  157-161. 
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    Aiming at instability and landsliding of the southwest slope in Zhujiabaobao mine， slopes at the height of 1180 m to 1 270 m were monitored and analyzed by means of theoretical analysis and field monitoring. The study showed that the slope instability caused wedge-shaped failure， and the stabilization type of the sliding body was determined as possible sliding； The instability brings serious hidden trouble to the safety production of the stope， and all the sliding bodies above the level of 1 180 m were cleaned up by expanding the slope. At the same time， the support scheme of bolt， anchor cable and rib baffle was adopted to relieve the safety threat of the sliding body to the stope， and the 1270 m highway reopened to traffic.
    Study on Development Mechanism of Cohesive Soil Slope Failure Based on Energy Dissipation Theory
    WANG Zhen-Hua, CHAI Xin-Jun, LIU Xi-Qi
    2018, 47(10):  162-166. 
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    In view of progressive failure in landslide instability of cohesive slope under the self-weight service during the excavation process，with the method of PFC2D numerical experiments，the whole process is generated from growth，development and evolution to the final slide of the cohesive slope. Combining with the energy dissipation structure，it is pointed out that the landslide failure process under self-weight service is essentially a state instability phenomenon caused by energy dissipation driven by energy release. The interaction between energy release and energy dissipation is the internal cause for progressive failure of landslide. The whole process of landslide divides into 3 stages，namely the creep damage，loss of strength，crack development，landslide acceleration，landslide deceleration，sliding surface enlarging. The strength slope instability criterion based on energy release is given from Meso-scale particles，and further the essential reason for the whole landslide damage is described.
    Research and Practice on Optimization of Waste Dump Engineering of Mirador Copper Mine
    ZHOU Sheng, YANG Cheng-Xiang, HU Hui-Shu, CHEN Ping, LEI Ding-Ding, LI Guang-Ze, JIANG Wei
    2018, 47(10):  167-171. 
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    The engineering design optimization schemes for the dump， ditch and acidic reservoir of the Mirado copper mine are briefly described. The merits and demerits of the optimized scheme are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed and compared with that of the original scheme from the aspects of construction period， investment， production and operation cost， safety and environmental protection. According to the optimized mining projects in dump， ditch and acidic reservoir， the total length of the north-south ditch is shortened by nearly 3 km， the amount of earth and rocks is reduced by about 30%， the amount of reinforced concrete in ditch is lowered by about 20%， and the investment is cut by more than 21%； Three total acidic reservoirs in the north and south mines is reduced to two； The average transportation distance of waste rock in stope is shortened by 1 km. Through the construction practice， the optimized scheme of the dump in south mine saves more than 26.89 million US dollars in the capital construction period than the original preliminary design scheme. The investment within the overall service life of the dump in North and South Mines is reduced by 31.21 million US dollars， with the operation cost reduced by 51 million US dollars， the acid water treatment capacity reduced by 9，000 m3 per day， and the annual operation cost lowered by about 3 million US dollars. The optimized plan provides a successful example for overseas mine construction.
    Research on the Mutual Influence Safety of Flood-discharging Tunnel and Quarry in Tailing Pond
    ZHU Yuan-Le
    2018, 47(10):  172-177. 
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    AbstractThe new flood discharge tunnel at the heightening and capacity expansion project in a tailing reservoir of Hunan tungsten mine next year passes through the bottom of quarry. The tunnel excavation and quarry mining have an impact on the safety of both tunnel and quarry, so it is necessary to carry out safety evaluation. Therefore, the relationship between the flood discharge system and the quarry was analyzed, and the mechanical parameters of rock mass around quarry are obtained by laboratory test. The influence of flood discharge tunnel excavation on safety of quarry was analyzed by adopting the finite element numerical simulation method. It is concluded that the influence scope of flood discharge tunnel excavation is 7.5~12.5 m, which will not bring impact on quarry production. The influence of blasting vibration of quarries on flood discharge tunnel was analyzed according to the specification. It is concluded that medium-depth hole blasting or shallow blasting was adopted in the current production of quarries, and the vibration velocity at the flood discharge tunnel is 12.1 cm/s and 10.1 cm/s, respectively, within the allowable safety value. When blasting is arranged at the lowest bench under the design range of quarry, the explosive charge must be controlled within 25 kg. The research results provide a favorable basis for the normal operation of the flood discharge system and the quarry in tailings pond.
    Adsorption Behaviors of Iron Mdified Attapulgite towards Sb（Ⅲ）
    LIU Ai-Ping, HUANG Yang, WANG Wei-Qing, LIU Jing
    2018, 47(10):  178-183. 
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    Antimony is a toxic element and is carcinogenic to living organism. The content of antimony in the water body around the antimony mining area in China is much higher than the standard of drinking water. In order to seek effective method for low-cost treatment of wastewater containing Sb（Ⅲ）， antimony adsorption experiment was carried out by attapulgite modified with FeCl3·6H2O as adsorbent， K（SbO）C4H4O6·1/2H2O as Sb（III） antimony source. The influence of the iron load content， the adsorption time and the initial concentration of Sb（III） on the adsorption capacity of IMA was discussed. The results show that: XRD image of modified attapulgite showed characteristic peaks of hydroxyl-oxide iron （FeOOH）. The surface of attapulgite was rougher after modification， therefore， the corresponding specific surface area increased by 17%， furthermore， attapulgite was an excellent carrier of FeOOH. When the initial concentration of Sb（III） was 150 mg/L and the adsorption time was 720 minutes， the adsorption capacity of IMA50 for Sb（III） was 18.51 mg/g， which was 14.9 times that of natural attapulgite. The adsorption capacity of Sb（III） by IMA increased with the increment of the amount of iron loaded. Elovich model can describe the adsorption kinetic process. The Langmuir isotherm was the best-fit adsorption isotherm model for the experimental data， and the maximum adsorption capacity is 20.19 mg/g. After adsorbed Sb（Ⅲ）， the characteristic absorption peak of FeOOH and Fe—O bond absorption peak shifted to high wavenumber direction， suggested a chemical reaction between Sb （III） and hydroxyl-oxide iron. The test results for low-cost treatment of wastewater containing Sb （Ⅲ） has the certain practical significance.
    Experiment Study on Extraction of SiO2 from Gold Tailings by High Magnetic Separation-Floatation Technology
    MIAO Xing, LI Su-Qin, KONG Jia-Wei, YANG Chang-Qiao, BAO Shan-Ci
    2018, 47(10):  184-188. 
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    China's annual emissions of gold tailings are huge， not only causing waste of resources， but also seriously threatening the ecological environment. SiO2 content in gold tailings in Kuancheng， Hebei is 68.64%. In order to make full use of the secondary resources of tailings， the pre-sedimentation deslimation-high intensity magnetic separation iron removal-reverse flotation iron removal-SiO2 purification process was conducted. The results show that: under the condition of the settling time of 2.5 min settlement for desliming， grit under the condition of the magnetic field intensity of 1.2 T high intensity magnetic separation to remove iron， SiO2 content increased from 73.38% to 73.38%， Fe2O3 content decreased from 5.24% to 5.24%， and the non-magnetic product using YS as collector to remove iron by reverse flotation， Fe2O3 content reduced to 0.51%， and then using YG-01 and YG-02 as combined collector via one roughing two cleaning quartz purification flotation， impurities had not been detected from XRD analysis on the purified product products， and its SiO2 content is 98.46%， Al2O3 content reduced to 0.65%， and Fe2O3 content reduced to 0.09%， which can reach the state second grade quality standard of glass raw materials. SiO2 extraction for gold tailings not only makes full use of tailing resources， but also achieves certain economic benefits.
    Experimental Study on Oxidative Acid Leaching of Copper-Cadmium Slag from Hydrometallurgical of Zinc
    LI Yong, LIU An-Rong, LIU Hong-Bo, WANG Zhen-Jie, PENG Wei, ZHONG Bo
    2018, 47(10):  189-192. 
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    The wet zinc smelting process produces a large amount of copper and cadmium slag， which is harmful to resources， environment and society. Taking copper and cadmium slag produced by a wet zinc Purification process in Guizhou as research object， the leaching conditions were studied by oxidizing acid leaching method. The results show that at the grinding fineness of 80% -0.075 mm， the mass ratio amount of hydrogen peroxide is 15% of copper cadmium， the ratio of liquid to solid is 4m L/g， the concentration of sulfuric acid is 20%， the leaching temperature is 75 ℃， and the leaching time is 4 h. Under the conditions， the leaching rates of valuable metals Cu， Zn and Cd in copper cadmium slag can reach 86.42%， 97.65% and 94.86%， respectively. The test results can provide reference for the comprehensive recovery of copper， zinc and cadmium from copper cadmium slag.
    Research on the Cold，Silver Leaching Process of a Gold Concentrate Calcine in Fujian
    XU Zhi-Feng, LIANG Kai, LI Mian, LI A-Lin, CHENG Li-Li, WANG Rui-Xiang
    2018, 47(10):  193-196. 
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    The main phase of the gold concentrate calcine in Fujian Province is hematite and quartz. The content of gold and silver is 31.27 g/t and 824 g/t， respectively. The copper was extracted by dilute sulfate leaching method. Then， the gold and silver were extracted by the self-made agent named Addicted-gold NO.1. The result showed that when the Addicted-gold NO.1 agent dosage of 5 g/L， pH value of 11， liquid-to-solid ratio of 5 mL/g， reaction temperature of 25 ℃， leaching time of 24 h， leaching rate of gold and silver were 92.76% and 85.02%， respectively. The leaching rate of gold was 3.73 percentage points higher than that by sodium cyanide method. Hence， the Addicted-gold NO.1 not only has excellent effect of the gold leaching rate， but also has weak impact on the environment. Therefore， the Addicted-gold NO.1 can be used in gold leaching process from gold concentrate calcine.