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金属矿山 ›› 2022, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (01): 136-141.

• 采矿工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

巴润矿矿岩混合复杂爆区爆破分离技术试验研究

刘占全1王德胜2崔凤1徐晓东1郭建新1赵宇2   

  1. 1.包钢钢联巴润矿业分公司,内蒙古 包头014080;2.北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院,北京100083
  • 出版日期:2022-01-15 发布日期:2022-02-14

Experimental Study on Blasting Separation Technology in Complex Orerock Mixed Blasting Zone in Barun Mine

LIU Zhanquan1WANG Desheng2CUI Feng1XU Xiaodong1GUO Jianxin1ZHAO Yu2   

  1. 1.Baotou Steel Union Barun Mining Company,Baotou 014080,China;2.School of Civil and Resource Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China
  • Online:2022-01-15 Published:2022-02-14

摘要: 巴润矿床成因复杂,矿体不规整、产状及空间形态无规律,爆区内常出现多矿种、众矿体和多岩性混合的矿岩分布状态。常规露天开采爆破过程使破碎矿(岩)石在爆堆中相互混合,导致矿石贫化、损失较严重。针对矿岩混合复杂爆区存在的矿体边界不清、爆破过程矿岩混合和电铲装车时难以直观辨识矿(岩)石等难题,提出了向矿(岩)体中部抛掷堆聚、矿(岩)体交界处爆破分离成清晰沟槽为核心的分离爆破技术方案。通过钻孔岩粉取样化验圈定爆区内矿(岩)体的实际边界,综合应用矿(岩)体中部等时线定向抛掷堆聚技术、矿(岩)体边界多自由面长延时对孔起爆抛掷分离技术和电子雷管精准起爆技术等,实现了爆破荷载作用下矿(岩)石有序堆聚和边界清晰分离的目标。基于颗粒流PFC3D的数值模拟研究初步确定了台阶深孔爆破矿岩分离的技术参数,在此基础上开展了现场爆破分离试验。现场爆破试验的台阶高度为14 m,炮孔直径为310 mm,孔排距为(8~10) m×6 m,采用三角形布孔方式。先行起爆紧邻矿岩分界的同排两侧炮孔,延时110 ms后同时起爆跨矿岩边界的同排两侧炮孔。爆区内以矿(岩)体中部为起爆零点的多“V”型精准起爆和等时线抛掷堆聚等技术的综合应用,实现了矿岩混合复杂爆区矿(岩)体中部堆聚、矿岩边界清晰分离的目标,出矿观测结果表明,矿石贫化率低于2%。

关键词: 矿山爆破, 露天开采, 爆破分离, 矿岩混合爆区, 台阶深孔, 精准爆破, 贫化率

Abstract: The genesis of the ore deposit in Barun Mine is complex,and the distribution occurrence and spatial morphology of orebodies are irregular.In the blasting zone,the distribution of ore and rock is often characterized by multiple ore species,multiple orebodies and mixed lithology.Conventional openpit mining makes the broken ore (rock) mixed with each other in the blast pile,resulting in ore dilution and serious loss.In view of the problems such as unclear boundaries of orebodies,orerock mixing in blasting process and difficulty in visually identifying ore (rock) during shovel loading in complex blasting zone,a separation blasting scheme was put forward,which focuses on throwing and accumulating in the middle of orebody and blasting separation into clear grooves at the junction of orebody.Through drilling rock dust detonation zone for delineating the actual boundary of ore (rock) samples,integrated application of orebody (rock) in central isochron directional casting coacervation technique,throwing and blasting separation technique of multifree surface and long time delay on the boundary of orebody,and electronic detonator precise blasting technique,etc.,the goal of orderly accumulation and clear boundary separation of ore (rock) under blasting load was realized.The technical parameters of deephole bench blasting for ore and rock separation were determined preliminarily by numerical simulation study of the particle flow analysis program PFC3D.On this basis,field blasting tests were carried out.In the filed blasting tests,the bench height was 14 m,the borehole diameter was 310 mm,the borehole row spacing was (8~10) m×6 m,and the triangular borehole configuration was arranged.The borehole on both sides of the same row next to the orerock boundary were detonated firstly,and the boreholes on the both sides of the same row across the orerock boundary were detonated simultaneously after a delay of 110 ms.The goal of accumulating in the middle of the ore (rock) body in the orerock mixed blasting zone and separating the deep concave groove at the ore (rock) boundary was achieved by the integrated application of techniques such as multiple Vshaped precise holebyhole initiation and isochronous throwing accumulation with the middle of the ore (rock) body as the zero of initiation in the blasting zone.Observation results of ore removal showed that the ore dilution rate was less than 2%.