关键词: 露天矿, 产尘机理, 监测预警, 防治技术, 研究进展, 展望

Abstract: In recent years,a lot of in-depth study and practice have been carried out on the dust prevention and control in open-pit mines in China,and remarkable results have been achieved. However,it is still difficult to completely control the dust in all production links of open-pit mines,and the situation of dust occupational hazard prevention and control is still very serious. In order to further improve the theory of dust prevention and control in open-pit mines and develop emerging technologies, and improve the level and effect of dust prevention and control in open-pit mines in China,based on the study achievements of dust prevention and control theory and technology in open-pit mines in China in the past 20 years,the dust arising mechanism and migration law of each link were elaborated in detail,the prediction,monitoring and early warning technology of open-pit mine dust was systematically summarized,the study progress of dust prevention and control technology was emphatically discussed,and the development trend of dust control in open-pit mines in the future was put forward. At present,the arising mechanism of open-pit mine dust has been clarified in different production links,and the impact of various factors on dust transport has been analyzed. Various nonlinear prediction methods combined with intelligent optimization algorithms have been adopted to construct combined dust concentration prediction models. Online dust monitoring and early warning technology has been developed,gradually forming a dust monitoring cloud service platform,and multi-mode collaborative precision dust control method has been proposed. However,relevant study mainly focuses on the dust in a single production link of open-pit mines. The dust arising mechanism and migration law in each link of open-pit mines require systematic and related study. Green,efficient and economical dust suppressants suitable for various production processes in open-pit mines need to be further developed,precise dust monitoring technology in open-pit mines needs to be further improved,intelligent dust prevention and control technology and equipment urgently need to be tackled,and a dust hazard risk analysis and warning platform needs to be explored and constructed. In the future,multi-disciplinary and multi means are needed to promote the study on dust generation mechanism and migration law in all links,develop green,efficient and economic dust suppressants,develop key technologies and equipment for high-precision,wide range,pollution resistance and continuous online monitoring of dust concentration,develop precise and intelligent control technology and equipment for open-pit mine dust,and build a big data analysis and early warning platform for dust hazard risk.

Key words: open-pit mine,dust arising mechanism,monitoring and early warning,prevention and control technology, study progress,prospect