典型铅锌矿区重金属多介质迁移驱动机制与生态效应

金属矿山 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (12): 229-235.

典型铅锌矿区重金属多介质迁移驱动机制与生态效应

赵恒谦^1,2,3　王蒙萌¹　吴艳花¹　毛继华¹　王雪飞^3,4　金　倩^3,4　袁　豪¹

1.中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京 100083;2.煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室,江苏徐州 221116; 3.河北省矿产资源与生态环境监测重点实验室,河北保定 071051;4.河北省地质实验测试中心,河北保定 071051

出版日期:2025-12-15 发布日期:2025-12-31
作者简介:赵恒谦(1986—),男,副教授,博士,博士研究生导师。
基金资助:
北京市自然科学基金项目(编号:L251048);中国矿业大学煤炭精细勘探与智能开发全国重点实验室开放课题项目(编号: SKLCRSM24KFO11);河北省矿产资源与生态环境监测重点实验室开放基金项目(编号:HBMREEM202305);中国矿业大学(北京)中央高校基本科研业务费专项(编号:2025JCCXDC01)。

Driving Mechanisms and Ecological Effects of Heavy Metal Migration Across Multiple Media in a Typical Lead-Zinc Mining Area

ZHAO Hengqian^1,2,3　WANG Mengmeng¹　WU Yanhua¹　MAO Jihua¹　WANG Xuefei^3,4 JIN Qian^3,4　YUAN Hao¹

1.School of Earth Sciences and Surveying and Mapping Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083,China;2.State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining,Xuzhou 221116,China; 3.Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Ecological Environment Monitoring,Baoding 071051,China; 4.Hebei Provincial Geological Experiment and Testing Center,Baoding 071051,China

Online:2025-12-15 Published:2025-12-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究典型铅锌矿区重金属元素的迁移规律,本研究以河北涞源矿区为案例,通过系统采集土壤与玉米样本,综合运用内梅罗综合污染指数、地理探测器及统计学方法,揭示了重金属的空间分布特征及其生态效应。污染评价表明:研究区土壤中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd为重度污染,Cr为轻度污染,Ni处于警戒线水平;重度污染样本占比高达 70.54%。地理探测器分析揭示,归一化植被指数(NDVI)与距尾矿库距离是驱动重金属空间分异的关键因子。统计分析进一步证实,Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd含量在水平方向上随距尾矿库距离增加而显著降低,呈现出清晰的水平迁移规律。在垂直方向上,玉米叶片与土壤中的Zn(A区)、Cd(B区)含量显著相关,证实了重金属的植物吸收与垂直迁移。此外,土壤重金属含量与玉米叶片叶绿素含量呈显著负相关,表明其抑制了叶绿素合成。本研究为理解矿区重金属迁移行为及开展针对性生态修复提供了科学依据。

关键词: 铅锌矿区　重金属　迁移规律　土壤污染　污染评价　地理探测器

Abstract: To investigate the migration patterns of heavy metals in a typical lead-zinc mining area,this study took the Laiyuan mining area in Hebei Province as a case study.Through systematic collection of soil and maize samples,and the inte grated application of the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index,Geodetector,and statistical analysis,the spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals and their ecological effects were revealed.Pollution assessment indicated that the soils in the study area were heavily polluted by Cu,Pb,Zn,and Cd,lightly polluted by Cr,and that Ni was at the warning level;Spatially, heavily polluted samples accounted for up to 70.54%.Geodetector analysis identified the Normalized Difference Vegetation In dex (NDVI) and distance from the tailings pond as the key factors driving the spatial differentiation of heavy metals.Statistical analysis further confirmed that the contents of Cu,Pb,Zn,and Cd significantly decreased with increasing distance from the tail ings pond,demonstrating a clear horizontal migration pattern.Vertically,significant correlations were found between heavy metal contents in maize leaves and soils for Zn (in Area A) and Cd (in Area B),confirming plant uptake and vertical migration.Ad ditionally,soil heavy metal content showed a significant negative correlation with maize leaf chlorophyll content,indicating the inhibition of chlorophyll synthesis.This research provides a scientific basis for understanding the migration behavior of heavy metals in mining areas and for developing targeted ecological restoration strategies.

Key words: lead-zincminingarea,heavymetals,migrationpattern,, soilpollution,pollutionassessment,geodetector

中图分类号:

赵恒谦, 　王蒙萌　吴艳花　毛继华　王雪飞, 　金　倩, 　袁　豪. 典型铅锌矿区重金属多介质迁移驱动机制与生态效应[J]. 金属矿山, 2025, 54(12): 229-235.

ZHAO Hengqian, 　WANG Mengmeng　WU Yanhua　MAO Jihua　WANG Xuefei, JIN Qian, 　YUAN Hao. Driving Mechanisms and Ecological Effects of Heavy Metal Migration Across Multiple Media in a Typical Lead-Zinc Mining Area[J]. Metal Mine, 2025, 54(12): 229-235.

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