关键词:
选煤厂　, 关键尘源　, 产尘特性　, 除尘技术　, 综合治理

Abstract: As the main energy source in China,coal supports the rapid development of the national economy. At the same time,the crushing,screening,transportation and other processes in the production process will continue to release high concentration
dust with complex components due to factors such as material kinetic energy conversion,mechanical friction and airflow
disturbance,which seriously endangers the occupational health of staff. The dust concentration in the operation area of coal
preparation plants generally exceeds standards,and its harm has evolved from a single occupational health issue into a multi-dimensional
challenge involving safety production,ecological environment,and economic benefits. Promoting systematic and intelligent
upgrades in dust prevention and control technology has become a key task for the industry′s green transformation since
the implementation of the 14th Five-Year Plan. The systematic upgrading of dust prevention and control technology is imminent.
Combined with the latest progress of dust prevention and control technology in coal preparation workshop and the accumulation
of team research,the dust production mechanism and law of key processes such as coal feeding,reloading,conveyor belt
transportation,screening and crushing are analyzed. The significant influence of coal quality characteristics and environmental
factors on dust production is summarized. The current mainstream dust prevention and control technology and its application
status and collaborative governance strategy in key dust sources are sorted out. Research shows that:① The dust generation
mechanism of key processes in coal processing plant such as coal feeding,transfer,conveyor transportation,screening and
crushing are all related to coal collision and friction,airflow disturbance and equipment structural characteristics,which are
specifically manifested in the collision of falling coal material triggering particles stripping and induced airflow,airflow disturbance
caused by the gap and movement of equipment leading to the diffusion of dust,and high-frequency vibration and structure
of the fallout to aggravate the dust flight,and so on. ② In the coal quality characteristics,the water content of coal is negatively
correlated with the dust production. The larger the coal flow rate and the smaller the coal particle size,the higher the dust production.
In terms of equipment process parameters,dust production is positively correlated with conveyor belt speed,transfer
point and chute drop. When the chute inclination angle deviates from the optimal range,the crusher speed is too high or the
tooth plate gap is too large,and the amplitude and frequency of the vibrating screen exceed the threshold,the dust production
will increase significantly. ③ Targeted dust control technologies must be implemented for different dust sources such as coal
feeding,transfer,conveying,screening,and crushing. The synergistic application of multiple technologies can significantly enhance
dust control effectiveness. Building on this foundation,the paper analyzes the shortcomings of existing research and outlines
the development direction for the 15th Five-Year Plan period and beyond. Current dust control technologies in coal preparation
plants still face critical challenges,including insufficient intelligent sensing capabilities,limitations in material performance,
poor system coordination,outdated personal protective equipment,and weak green efficiency. These issues constrain further
improvements in dust management effectiveness and sustainable development. Future research should focus on:① Intelligent
sensing and precise control,utilizing IoT,big data,cloud computing,and artificial intelligence technologies to achieve realtime
identification,monitoring,and analysis of dust emissions. By incorporating AI algorithms,adaptive adjustment of dust removal
equipment parameters can be realized to optimize dust removal efficiency. ② Material development and structural design,
establish a multi-level design theory spanning from the molecular to the macroscopic scale,construct a coupled model
linking material performance to environmental parameters,and integrate surface science,vibration fatigue theory,and controlled
release technology to develop filtration materials featuring highly efficient gradient structures. ③ System integration and collaborative
governance will drive the evolution of single dust control technologies toward multi-technology coupling and systematic
approaches,establishing a comprehensive dust prevention and control network encompassing "source control-process suppression-
end-of-pipe purification". ④ Personal protection and smart monitoring,occupational safety protection should evolve from
passive defense toward "high efficiency,low resistance,intelligent adaptation,and comfortable safety". Develop new high-efficiency,
low-resistance filter materials and optimize mask structures. Integrate external environmental data with wearable physiological
parameter monitoring to establish early health risk warning models,forming a dual-protection model of "equipment protection+
human monitoring". ⑤ Green,low-carbon,and sustainable development integrates intelligent control strategies and precision
airflow organization design concepts with the development of high-efficiency dust removal equipment. Through multidimensional
technological innovation,it achieves precise dust control and synergistically advances energy conservation and consumption
reduction in mining operations,supporting the vision of low-energy consumption,high efficiency,and zero pollution in
coal preparation plant dust prevention and control.