Abstract: Under different conditions，the floatation laws of sodium oleate，salicylhydroxami acid and Maoniuping rare earth collector（principal components are hydroxyl naphthalene-containing hydroximic acid) as collectors for bastnaesite are researched and the relative flotation mechanism are studied.Experimental results show：the dosage of collecting agent and sodium silicate has great influence towards bastnaesite floatation；the floatation effect of sodium oleate and Maoniuping rare earth collector is better than that of salicylhydroxami acid；round point of zero charge of bastnaesite where pH=8.5，the three kind of collecting agent have best floatation effect for bastnaesite；for collecting agents as hydroximic acid，complex reaction occers at bastnaesite surface，whereas sodium oleate may react in the manner of electrostatic adsorption and molecular adsorption；Competitive adsorption at mineral surface and formation of complex destroy association hydroxyl，salicylhydroxami acid and Maoniuping rare earth collector has new peak at 2 356 cm-1，and pentatonic chelate loop maybe formats.

Key words: Sodium oleate, Salicylhydroxami acid, Hydroxyl naphthalene hydroximic acid, Bastnaesite, Floatation