Abstract: Mosses of different habitats（virgin area, part of mining area, waste solid area, and waste rock area) were investigated in Wangjiawan Gold Deposit.Based on the identification of the mosses species, 28 species in 18 genera of 7 families were found.The number of mosses species in each habitat were 17 species, 11 species, 6 species and 4 species, which show that the number of part of mining area is bigger than virgin area, and smaller than waste solid area, the number of waste rock area is smaller than waste solid area.Contents of heavy metals（As, Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd ) in mosses and their substrates were determined.Among them, contents of As, Hg, Cu and Cd in part of mining area is larger than virgin area, and smaller than waste solid area, and the contents of heavy metals in waste solid area is smaller than waste rock area.Consequently, species diversity of mosses could be as one of the indexes in ecological monitoring for heavy metal pollution（As, Hg, Cu and Cd ) of mining area.

Key words: Gold Deposit, Mosses, Heavy metal pollution, Ecological monitoring